Introduction
At a gathering held at the Shanagarry Design Centre, overlooking Ballycotton Bay, University College Cork's CELT Project announced the launch online of William Penn's pocket diary from his 1669–70 visit to Ireland. The contents of the diary first turned up in the late nineteenth century. The original notebook consists of quickly-scribbled entries. These required considerable deciphering by Isabel Grubb, the mid-twentieth century Irish Quaker historian, who identified the many places and people in precise notes to the text. Her edition is now published online with the permission of Pearson Education.
This text displays many of the traits that made William Penn (1644–1718) such a signal success later on. He comes across as an exceptional lobbyist and activist, a great propagandist and promoter of his cause and a shrewd businessman whose word was his bond. He never set out to be an important humanitarian, yet his practical pursuit of religious liberty for Protestant Dissenters ended up conferring universal civil rights. Penn was sent over to Ireland by his father to re-organize the leases on his Irish estates in County Cork. However, he spent most of his time working on behalf of the Quakers who, much to his father's chagrin, he had recently joined. Immediately on landing in Cork, he went to see Quakers imprisoned by the authorities of the town where he himself had been imprisoned two years before. They were there for holding illegal meetings and refusing to swear oaths when arrested. Afterwards, he travelled to Dublin to lobby on their behalf. With his father a Cromwellian admiral who made a timely move to the royalist side at the Restoration, Penn knew everybody from King Charles II down and was particularly well connected to ruling Protestant elite in Ireland with whom he had been raised. The list of people he met and wined and dined in Dublin is a veritable Who's Who of the period. He went to Irish Council in Dublin Castle on behalf of his co-religionists, he did not meet the Lord Lieutenant who was ill but he records handing over 'six cobbs', i.e. pieces of eight; on November 29th the Dublin Friends were released. The entry for the day before states 'I was at meeting, it was large. I declared 1-and-a-half hours, prayed twice' but one would have thought the douceur of the week before was equally instrumental.
Penn was constantly on the move by horseback. Such travel could be perilous, not least when crossing the Blackwater, 'a river of great note, rapidity and depth' near Cappoquin on 4 December 1669 he, his party, their horses and baggage nearly got swept away. The meetings that Penn held or was involved in are described in terms such as 'heavenly' or 'precious'; but they were also deliberatively provocative. News of a Quaker meeting would not only attract adherents and sympathizers but also opponents and the officers of the law. Debates, controversies and often arrests would follow. Failure to arrest Penn himself would leave authorities looking impotent and if the Friends themselves were arrested then there were ugly court scenes with otherwise law-abiding Protestants being hauled off to the town gaol. All in all, Penn, like subsequent civil activists, was showing the law up to be an ass. He who had famously and fearlessly flouted social convention by refusing to doff his hat in the presence of the king. Penn was also a relentless propagandist. A number of his diary entries mention him writing tracts, and also mention him delivering copy to the press. The journal provides evidence that two of his tracts were printed in Cork even though the tracts themselves give no place of publication. Most famously during this period, he wrote, partly as a result of the Quaker experience in Ireland, his frequently reprinted Great Case of the Liberty of Conscience, which first came off Joshua Winter's press in Dublin in 1670. Penn's skill at lobbying and publicity later came into its own when he promoted the Pennsylvania colony in the early 1680s, but so too did his deal making.
The diary shows him, with the assistance of Philip Ford, driving hard bargains in relation to the tenanting of his lands made around the New Year (i.e. 25th March) 1670. In this way he let 500 acres to 24 tenants securing rents of £1,100 a year at 2s an acre. He would take distresses, i.e. exercise the legal right of distraint of goods—to force the payment of arrears or settle on the terms of lease he preferred. The diary shows him belabouring William Berry, a Protestant tenant at Clonakilty, into submission by impounding his cattle. On the other hand, he was pleased to note his Protestant tenants and neighbours draining bogs, setting hedges, measuring and mapping their lands after the civilised and more profitable English manner. At the end of his nine months in Ireland Penn managed to have his fellow Cork Quakers released. But the interesting thing about Penn's Irish Journal is that the native Catholic whose lands he now occupied hardly get a look in. They are rarely surnamed, let alone first-named and they are the subject of passing derogatory remarks about their barbarous, superstitious customs. Indeed one of the tracts he published in Cork was an anti-Papist one. However a deal is a deal, and Penn's attitudes changed significantly in 1680–1 with the deal he made with James Duke of York. In this he obtained the extensive lands south of James's recently acquired New York colony by switching support from exclusionist Popish Plotters to the future Catholic king. As a result he ended up only keeping his word in these advantageous deals he made not only with Indians but also with James, even to the point of nearly losing all during the Glorious Revolution and subsequent Williamite conquest of Ireland'. Penn's Irish Journal, which is now online, brings CELT to a total of 16,000,000 words, available free worldwide on Ireland's longest running Humanities Computing project.
Hiram Morgan
Editorial note by Isabel Grubb (1952)
The following is a modernised version of 'My Irish Journall' by William Penn. I have used modernised spelling and punctuation and wherever possible have given what I believe to be the correct full names in place of the initials which Penn wrote. The usual names of the months have been inserted instead of the numerals used by the Quakers. Where I am in doubt about a reading or a name I have put a query mark. Square brackets indicate my own suggestions.
To show how this version differs from the original manuscript would produce a most unsightly script, difficult and unpleasant to read. I have based my version on the copy published in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 40, 1916, and on many emendations and corrections of it kindly supplied by Professor Henry J. Cadbury from the original manuscript. Without his suggestion and much valuable advice and help this work would not have been undertaken nor completed.
Acknowledgement should be made to the Friends Historical Association which kindly undertook either to advance or to secure the funds necessary for the publication of this book.
William Penn
Edited by Isabel Grubb
My Irish Journal, 1669–1670
1. My Irish Journal
Departed from London on 15th September 1669.
September 15th
I came to Watford, to Ann Merrick's, Amor Stoddart and John Giggour accompanying me. 1
16
I came to Isaac Penington's, Amor Stoddart and John Giggour being with me; we had a meeting there; Amor Stoddart left us and went for Watford. 2
17
John Giggour went for London, I remained there; I left Amersham and took leave for my journey, but at Maidenhead missing of my servant I returned to Isaac Penington's.
19
Guli Springett, Sarah Hersent [?], etc. went on foot to meet at Russell's and I with them; wrote to Aylesbury for Philip Ford. 4
20
Philip Ford came early; Isaac Penington, John Penington, Mary Penington, John Giggour and myself and Philip Ford went for Reading. Guli Springett and Thomas Ellwood accompanied us beyond Maidenhead. Thomas Ellwood and Philip Ford exchanged horses, on at £5. 10, the other at £9. We arrived at Reading, visited the prisoners. 5
21
John Penington, Philip Ford and myself departed from Reading. Isaac Penington, Mary Penington and John Giggour returned home. We dined at Newbury and lay at Malmesbury.
22
We departed. John Penington went to Bristol by Bath, and we two by Chippenham. We met that night at Bristol; they lay two at the inn, I at Dennis Hollister's, with George Whitehead [?] I visited George Fox, Margaret Fell, William and Isabel Yeamans, Thomas Bisse and Leonard Fell that night. 6
23
I went to Francis Rogers' to lie, they to Thomas Bisse. We remained there till the 23rd of the next month. I lay at several Friends' houses; we were very kindly entertained; meetings grew fresh. I was moved among others to testify to George Fox's marriage. 7
We left Bristol, came to King Road accompanied by Thomas Speed [or Thomas Salthouse], Thomas Lower [?], Charles Harford [?], 9 Francis and William Rogers.
26
We came to Cork. Dined at Thomas Mitchell's. Visited the prisoners, Samuel Thornton being there. 11 We lay at Elizabeth Pike's. 12
27
William Morris and myself went to the Mayor's, 13 but to no purpose. I met Christopher Pennock, 14 F.S. [Hugh p.20 Scamp?], 15 John Boles. 16 We had a meeting in prison at night where we also had dined. I wrote also to both baronies to prepare them; to Robert Southwell for £30 payable to Gerard Roberts. 17
28
Left Cork with Philip Dymond, William Morris. Dined at Kilworth, supped at Clogheen at a Friend's Inn, William Lawford's. 18
29
We came to John Fennell's; 19 dined at Cashel at The Cow. Passed through Holy Cross (so called from a superstitious conceit that a piece of Christ's cross was brought thither from Jerusalem;) and by Clas: town where the English were murdered by the Fitzpats; lay at Thurles the ancient Manor House of the Duke of Ormonde. 20
30
We came to James Hutchinson's, a Friend, who was gone before us towards Rosenallis. Passed by Mountrath, the Earl's house and town, where we saw the iron works. Lay at Rosenallis at William Edmondson's. 21
31
It was the General meeting for Leinster. 22 Two Friends spoke from Dublin. William Edmondson kept the meeting, and heavenly it was. 23
November 1st
We left William Edmondson's; stopped at Mountmellick. 24 Came to Kildare and there lodged.
2
We came to Naas, there dined, and lay at Dublin at John Gay's. I visited M. Canning and F. Stepny that night. 25
3
William Morris, Philip Dymond and we met at my p.21 chamber. Stepney came to see me. Dined and supped at home.
4
William Edmondson came with Friends to the city. We were at meeting. William Edmondson, George Gregson, William Penn [?] spoke. 26 Philip Dymond, William Edmondson, and George Gregson prayed. Dined and supped at home. 27
5
All Friends me at my lodging to keep the National Meeting. William Edmondson, William Morris, and George Gregson spoke. The sufferings of Friends came before us. Munster and Leinster; but Ulster were returned. A paper was sent to all the Provincial Men's meetings to advise them to be more punctual in the registering of all sufferings, and to transmit them in briefly to the National Meeting. A paper by way of Address was carried by William Morris and William Penn to the Mayor who abused them, but did not relieve the prisoners of the city. Supped at home, no dinner.
6
We met at Samuel Claridge's, where we drew up the Leinster and Munster sufferings by way of Address to the Lord Lieutenant. 28 Dined and supped at home.
7
We met at the little house, where William Edmondson and one Sharp spoke. 29 William Edmondson and Philip Dymond prayed. John Gay, his wife and children were present. Supped at home.
8
I received a letter from Joseph Stepny about his daughter's burial, having written to him. Deane came to me and William Edmondson about it at Elizabeth Gardiner's. 30 Dined and supped at home.
9
Sir George Ascue came to see me. All Friends went with M. Canning, Joseph Stepny's daughter to our burying ground. They carried her with about ten coaches. Dined and supped at home.
10
Colonel Packer came to see me, but T. Fouls said to meet Rob and Lawrence about a dispute, though denied by him. He affirmed[:]
1. That I was eternally damned if I did not own that Christ's death was to satisfy the vindictive justice of God.
2. That there were examples among the Martyrs that suffered more signally, and more with joy and peace, and more gloriously and with greater triumph than Christ did.
We went that afternoon, I, Ann Gay, John Penington, Philip Ford, and little D. in a coach to Chapelizod to see Colonel [?] Lawrence; he was in town. He makes Imagery. 31
Colonel Lawrence and Major Jones came to my lodging and Priest Roules; the last was quiet and affable, the other passionate and confounded about the moral religion and water baptism: William Morris present. Dined and supped at home.
11
Sir William Petty came to see me, stayed three hours. He was very friendly. E. Morcoe and her sister dined at my lodging. We went to the Castle; received a slight account by Colonel [?] Herle. From thence to Colonel Shapcot's about Colonel Wallis. He was kind. I dined, supped at home. 32
12
I went to the Castle, Colonel Herle very civil but nothing done. Visited by Fouls. Dined and supped at p.23 home. Gave two silver candlesticks and snuffers to Ann Gay for their care and lodging.
13
Stayed at home. Wrote to the Earl of Drogheda; for England to Guli Springett, Isaac and Mary Penington, Elizabeth Jepson, and Elizabeth Bailey. Visited by Dr. Roules. He denied vindictive justice in the nature of good. [God?]
Dined and supped at home. Philip Dymond went for England. 33
14
We kept meeting at the old meetinghouse. I declared about one hour. I prayed afterwards. A great meeting. Dined and supped at home.
15
I went to Lord Drogheda about Friends. He treated me with all civility. Promised his utmost. Invited me to dine with him at my pleasure.
Met T.H., William Morris, George Webber here at my lodging. Disputed with Fouls. Dined and supped at home. 34
16
The professors of all sorts declined a meeting. I dined with Sir William Petty. Sir George Ascue came to see me; discoursed with Bird about Guli's land. Supped at home, visited by Joseph Stepny. 35
17
I went to the Earl of Drogheda. He treated me with great civility. I met the Earls of Arran and of Roscommon, R.H., Lord Jo, C.T., Lord Drogheda, G.T., etc. I disputed with Wilson. Was visited by Roules, F. Stepny, Joseph and their kinsman Captain. John Burnyeat came to town and with me. Dined and supped at home. 36
18
I was with John Burnyeat in the morning. I dined at home.
Discoursed with C.Dis, and his sister M.F. We had a precious meeting at the great house. Joseph Stepny was with me at night. So was John Burnyeat, George Webber, and another Friend. Supped at home also. 37
19
I was with Lord Kingston who was very civil and kind. I went to Barry and delivered him the Address in the morning; in the afternoon I went to the Council. I met the Earl of Drogheda there. The Address was not read. I met also with William Fitzgerald and Robert Fitzgerald. I dined and supped at home.
20
Visited by J. Fouls. No meeting can be had with professors. There came also W. Bird and Colonel [?] Sands about Guli Springett's business. The estate being neglected is gone all but a third [threepence?]. Wrote for England to my father, to Alexander Parker, Francis Rogers, Guli Springett. Dined and supped at home. 38
A letter received from the Chancellor's chaplain about T.S.j. Visited by Ingenious Bon [Bonnell?]. An account received of the revenue of the Kingdom £219,500.
21
The family went with me to meeting at Dublin, where I have been since the 2nd instant. John Burnyeat spoke, a good meeting. It was in the power of the Almighty. Many people came. Amongst the rest several of the ruder, boisterous gallants to gaze on me, which they did for almost an hour. Meeting being done, we went out where I spoke to them very sharply and so we parted. I supped at home.
22
I was at the Council about Friends. It sat not because of the Lord Lieutenant's illness. I met there Sir George Lane, Sir Arthur Forbes, Sir Theophilus Jones, Priest Yarner, etc. They spoke merely to me but I urged a release of poor Friends upon them, three of them being Privy Councillors. I went to the Castle, saw C. Heade [Colonel Herle?] From thence to Sir George Ascue, so to Colonel Shapcot's where I got the articles of agreement between Colonel Wallis and I. 39
I fee'd him with six cobbs. I staled [stated?] the purchase of the Cork inhabitants. From thence to John Burnyeat's and so home, where I dined and supped.
23
I was visited this morning by Lieutenant Colonel Young. I visited Sir John Temple and Sir George Lane. Neither at home. Thomas Gookin was to see me. Dined at home. Bonnell dined with me. Supped at home. John Burnyeat lay here that night. 40
24
Thomas Gookin, Colonel Phair, and Priest Roules dined here. T. Fouls came to see me. Dr. Hall was to visit me also. I was at Colonel Shapcot's, he was not within. I went with Ann Gay to John Bumyeat's. William Bird came to see me at night. Dined and supped at home. 41
25
I was at Colonel Shapcot's early but did little. From thence I went to John Burnyeat's. From thence to Colonel Phair's lodging where I met Sir St.John Broderick, where we discoursed of Phair's matters; I caused my hair to be cut off and put into a wig because of baldness since my imprisonment. I was at meeting and a very heavenly one it was. 42
I was with Colonel Shapcot where I ended my business p.26 about Colonel Wallis and the inhabitants of Cork. From thence to supper at home, and so to John Burnyeat's lodging with Ann Gay to take our leave of him. Dined and supped at home.
26
John Burnyeat went towards the Mole from the city of Dublin. 43 Colonel Phair came to see me. So did Hawkins, T. Fouls, D. Tree [?] Sir George Ascue, and Bonnell. Dined and supped at home; nothing was done at Council.
27
Sir Amos Meredith, Colonel Phair, Lieutenant Colonel Walker dined with me at my lodging. I wrote to Guli Springett, to George Fox, to George Whitehead [?], to T. Fir., to George Webber, to my father, to Francis Rogers, and to Isabel Yeamans; dined and supped at home. 44
28
I was at meeting, it was large. I declared 1-and-a-half hours, prayed twice. The meeting was fresh and quiet. Supped at home. Friends came to my chamber at night, where we had a precious meeting.
29
Friends were released in this city with great love and civility from the judges. Nothing was done, nor is likely to be done at Council, because of the Army and Revenues. Dr. Roules and Jo. Scott were to see me. Robert Turner, Elizabeth Gardiner, William Maine and his wife were here. Several Friends' books were by me dispersed. George Whitehead, George Fox, Edward Burrough, Ambrose Rigge, William Penn, primers, etc. My accounts ended with John Gay. 45
30
We came from Dublin to Rathcoole; 46 John Gay, his wife and the children, Samuel Claridge, Anthony Sharp p.27 and another Friend. I left orders with John Gay about all matters. Miles 6.
1st December 1669
We left Rathcoole. They went with us two miles and so returned. We baited at Blackrath and lay at Carlow where I sent for C. Chaffin. Gave him books to disperse. Miles 26. 47
2
We departed from Carlow and passed through Castledermot and baited at Kilkenny. From thence we came to Bat Fouks's house where we lay. Miles 21. 48
3
We departed thence and passed through Callan and baited at Ninemilehouse, called Grangemockler, and lay at Clonmel being 14 miles. Supped with Mead with whom I had much dispute about original sin. 49
4
We changed John Penington's horse with Mead, and had one piece and two cobbs to boot. We departed from Clonmel, famous for Oliver's siege, its present strength, and great fruitfulness of soil. We passed through Fourmilewater and came to Cappoquin where in passing over the Blackwater, a river of great note, rapidity and depth, the horses were so unruly, especially John Penington's, that we were all endangered of drowning. John Penington was struck overboard and by mighty mercy I and the boatman caught and saved him. Philip Ford's horse slued over and swum back, portmanteau and all to the other side; and whilst I and the ferryman were saving John Penington my horse and his had well nigh flung us both upon him, and they upon us, which the God of mercy for His name's sake prevented. We returned, John Penington lost his hat, got him to an Inn, put him to p.28 bed, plied him with hot cloths, strong waters, and what could be got to preserve him; after two hours stay to dry and recruit him we passed the ferry and came by Lismore, the Earl of Cork's great seat, and so to Tallow, a road well improved and much English, where we lay at the sign of The George. Miles 17. 50
5
We left Tallow and came to Captain Bent's. We passed by a great company of Irish gathered to the Mass upon a hill. We dined at Captain Bent's. Went to see the vale of Shanagarry. Stopped at Captain Boles' farm, he holds of my father, well improved; from thence to Captain Bent's where we supped and lay. 51
6
I left Captain Bent's and went to see Colonel Phair's wife; and thence with Captain Bent, his wife and daughter went to Cork, where I went to see the prisoners that night. 52
7
We went to meeting. I spoke in the power of the Lord God a few words to backsliders, thence to dinner at Thomas Mitchell's and so to prison and so home at Elizabeth Pike's.
8
I stayed to write letters. I could not agree with Captain Boles. I went to prison where I spoke a few words in the pure life. From thence home.
9
I left Cork. John Boles in company to Kinsale. Cousin [or Captain] Rooth came to visit me at The Green Dragon and Cousin Penn. 53
10
I went to Robert Southwell, who was civil. I received advice from him. From thence we went to the fort, p.29 where we dined. I gave the soldiers two cobbs or plate pieces. From thence came to Cousin Crispin's. 54
11
I left Cousin Crispin's and came to Imokilly. He came with us to the first ferry, 7 miles. I called at Francis Smith's, met Jo Spat and Priest Vowell, came to Captain Bent's where was Ensign Crow. 55
12
I sent Philip Ford to Cork for John Gossage, with letters to Sheriff Field and Sheriff Harvey, also to John Gossage, and Samuel Thornton. I went to see Colonel Phair's wife. Spoke some words there. Supped at Captain Bent's. Had much dispute with Ensign Crow. Disaffected. 56
13
I stayed at home all day. Colonel Osborne, Sergeant Rouls, Captain Freke, Priest Vowell, Francis Smith, and old Frankland came to see me. The first two about land, but had no positive answer till the 16th following, because Priest Muscall was not there who opposes Sergeant Rouls now in possession of Ballylowrace and Ballyroe. Rode out into the fields in the evening. Lay at Captain Bent's. 57
14
I went to see Ballylowrace and Ballyroe, and Barries quarter, alighted at Sergeant Rouls', saw Lissanly and Ballinwillen and Ballintober. Lay at Captain Bent's. John Gossage and Philip Ford came from Cork. 58
15
We went to admeasure Geiragh and Knocknacaple, Francis Smith being there and John Boles. It amounts to ... acres ... more than by the Line Survey. Colonel Wallis came to see me. Lay at Captain Bent's. 59
16
Francis Smith, Sergeant Rouls and Priest Muscall p.30 came about the lands of Ballylowrace and Ballyroe. It was determined for Rouls. Much dispute at table against the Priest; people satisfied. Still at Captain Bent's. John Gossage and Philip surveyed Francis Smith's land again.
18
We made an end of Rouls' land, Ballywillen and Lissauly. Captain Bent's [or Boles's] and came home that night. 60
19
Francis Smith came for a lease. We agreed at £42 per annum. Sergeant Rouls we also agreed with at 4/6 per acre with other considerable improvements on that halfploughland. Dined and supped at home as I have done all the while. Received a packet from Cork, one from Guli Springett, Alexander Parker, Richard Penn, Thomas Cook, John and Ann Gay. 61
21
We went to Captain Boles's house, admeasured his lands in part. Dined there. I returned and John Hull with me. John Penington, John Gossage and Philip Ford stayed that night. I wrote for England to Francis Rogers, Isabel Yeamans, Guli Springett, Alexander Parker, George Whitehead, P.E., S.M., etc. 62
22
We went to Captain Boles's, finished his land and so to Aghada to Captain Walkham's and lay there. John Hull went to Ballicrenane. Met with Major Woodley. 63
23
We went about admeasuring P. Walkham's land. Francis Smith and Sir Pierce Smith came to see us; articles were signed, sealed and delivered for £42 per annum the first year, and £40 per annum afterwards, during three lives. Samuel Thornton came in the while. Returned with him to Captain Boles's, so to Colonel Phair's who was come home, and thence to Captain Bent's house, where we lay and had some service.
25
Was Pie Day, none could be got to work. 64 John Penington, John Gossage, Philip and I went to Cork by Colonel Phair's where we first dined. We lay at Thomas Cook's. Visited Friends in prison first. Samuel Thornton lay with me.
26
We went to a meeting at George Bennett's, four miles out of Cork. We overtook John Stubbs and many Mallow Friends. We had a large and blessed meeting; we returned to Cork. Lay at Thomas Cook's. Samuel Thornton, John Stubbs and I lay together. We had a meeting at our lodging. The widow Plasteed and Thomas Mitchell were there. 65
27
Samuel Thornton went for Mallow, John Stubbs stayed in Cork and I came into Imokilly, to my father's house, Shanagarry, or old garden. Having called at Colonel Phair's we were civilly treated. 66
28
We went to see Colonel Wallis's trenches in the great bog where he has made a double ditch two miles quicksetted and many great ditches across, by which it p.32 may become profitable land. John Penington fell into a trench, stepping over. John Hull came to us. Dined and supped at Shanagarry. 67
29
Major Farmer and John Boles came to see me. I had advice from Farmer. Dined and supped at Shanagarry. I have perused part of the Jesuits' book. 68
30
I went to meet John Stubbs but found him not. He came late in the evening with Christopher Pennock. Lay with me.
31
He went with Christopher Pennock to Youghal, where he had a meeting. I carried him part of the way and then returned. Met at Shanagarry Colonel Osborne, Richard Hull, Francis Smith, Sergeant Rouls, and John Boles, also G. Fitzgerald. I did little business. They dined here. We had some controversy together about matter of liberty. Sergeant Rouls is to conclude with me about the business. G. Fitzgerald would have a farm. None can be set to him. They left us. I went with them, so did John Hull, Colonel Wallis, and John Boles almost to Ballicrenane, then returned. 69
1st January 1669/1670
Colonel Wallis, John Boles and I went to Inch, found the house out of repair. Thence to Captain Walkham's and so with John Gossage and Philip Ford home to Shanagarry. 70
2
We stayed at Shanagarry. All but John Gossage and Philip Ford went to Gale's. Was about the Answer to the Jesuits. 71
4
John Boles came to me. Colonel Wallis, he, John Penington and I went to Captain Gale's. Rode into the sea. John Gossage and Philip Ford went to admeasure Thomas Frankland's farm and returned to Shanagarry that night. Major Woodley came to dinner. John Hull went to Cork and carried the first sheet to the press. John Boles went home and Woodley to Gale's.
5
I went an hour before day to Captain Bent's for advice. He came back two miles. I overtook Captain Walkham and John Boles. I concluded with Captain Walkham for £90 per annum for Finure, Ballincarrownig, Acredoan, Condon's acres and Seskinstown. 72
Major Woodley and I have not quite agreed. He went to Rouls's and Captain Walkham home.
8
I wrote for England to George Whitehead, Isabel Yeamans, Francis Rogers and my father. I bought frieze for Margaret Lowther. 73 ff.w. [?] P.E., P.P., S.M. I sent another sheet to the press. Gale came. We agreed at per annum.
10
Captain Walkham and John Boles came, the lease agreed upon and drawn at £84 per annum. Sergeant Rouls was also here, and agreed at 4s. 4d. per acre.
11
Colonel Phair came to see me. We went to Gale's. I had a letter from Robert Southwell, Captain Rooth, Major Love about the soldiers' pay. Orders given about it. Philip Ford returned with John Burnyeat and Samuel [Thornton]. 74
12
John Burnyeat, John Penington, Samuel and I went to Tallow. Lost our way by six miles. We baited there. Took a guide to Clogheen. We were lost on the mountain, fain to grope our way. At last got over by many wonderful precipices, and came to Clogheen by another guide from the foot of the mountains, being in all about 29 Irish miles, near 50 English. 75
13
Next morning we went to John Fennell's, found Solomon Eccles there. Had a meeting. John Burnyeat and Solomon Eccles spoke. It was a most precious meeting. Many Friends were there, George Baker, John Boles and James Hutchinson, etc. 76
14
John Burnyeat and Samuel went for Carlow, Solomon Eccles and John Fennell to Waterford, and we returned by Tallow, where we baited, to Shanagarry.
16
John Penington and Philip Ford and I went to Captain Gale's. Put out the grey gelding to grass. He gave me a stone colt. Came home to Shanagarry again.
17
Captain Walkham, Captain Gale, Captain Boles, Major Woodley and Priest Vowell came to see me. Finished with Captain Boles at £62 per annum. I had much dispute at table with Vowell. Farmer Landy was there. I went with Priest Vowell to the strand. Much discourse with him. 77
18
He came again, and Captain Hull's wife and Lady Tynte's other two daughters, Colonel Phair and Saph and their wives. Gale and John Phair came also to see me. Philip went to Cork. 78
19
I wrote more of my Answer. I went to Colonel Phair's with Captain Gale. Lay there. Met Philip as we went. He returned with us to Colonel Phair's.
20
Went to Captain Bent's also, to advise about Major Woodley's reference.
20 [sic]
Colonel Phair and I etc. went to Garrett Fitzgerald's of Lisquinlan to view Clonmain. We dined there; had a dispute with Priests Vowell and Webb, one Chaplain to the Lord President, the other at Youghal. We returned and parted upon the hill by the windmill. To the poor 1shilling. 79
21
I went and Colonel Wallis to Colonel Phair's about the reference. The land was returned 4s. 3d. per acre, I paying quitrent.
I abated 6d. per acre and that was 3s. 9s. per acre. We so agreed on all sides. He before Colonel Phair, Bent, Farmer, Wallis, etc., gave up Inch, the house, not to touch, and arrears of rent to pay. So we returned home. To Colonel Phair's servant 1 s.
22
I met Gerald Fitzgerald about the sawmill, we concluded on £44 per annum and what it shall be adjudged more worth by Farmer and Gale, I paying quit rent.
24
I made an end of my father's and wrote one to my sister about Francis Cook. I received a letter from Captain Smith's wife at Ballincrenane. I answered it. 80
25
I went to Captain Bole's From thence to Colonel Phair's and so to Captain Bent's. From thence to Captain Rous, agreed with him. Philip went to Cork. I called at Colonel Fitzgerald's. Was not at home, met him returning to Captain Bole's. Supped there. Came late to Shanagarry. 81
26
Colonel Osborne, Captain Smith's wife, and Hull's wife came to at Shanagarry about Captain Smith's farm, they earnestly solicited for an abatement of the 4s. 6d. per acre, but I could not be moved from my commission and judgement. It was agreed that it should be so taken, and Colonel Osborne the security. They returned. Much was added to my Answer.
28
They returned to Captain Bole's and Captain Bent's, there Susanna Mitchell prayed. We carried them on their way to Carrigtuohill, and there parted. They went for Cork. John Penington and Philip Ford and p.37 myself for Captain Bent's and so to Shanagarry. John Bailey brought me a letter from John Gay. 82
29
I went to Colonel Osborne's, Colonel Wallis and John Bailey accompanying me. The Colonel, Lady Tynte, Major [?] Smith, Richard and E. Hull etc. were very civil. I agreed with Smith, Osborne is security, the price is 4s. 6d. We returned to Shanagarry.
30
We stayed at Shanagarry. I proceeded in my business, in order to depart the next day. I wrote a letter (very smart) to Francis Smith.
February 1st
Major Farmer and Major Woodley came to Captain Bent's. I spoke to them. From thence we went to Cork, John Boles being with us. We met Colonel Phair, his wife and several of his family.
2
From Cork we went to Kinsale. I was at the Fort, was visited by Gookin and others. George Webber and George Gamble came to me about the burying place, bought of Jo. Galway. 83
3
Several dined with us at Kinsale, at the Green Dragon. I went to see Robert Southwell, who received me civilly. We returned to Cork.
4
I went from Cork to William Lawford's; George Gamble, Philip Ford and John Penington being with me.
5
From Clogheen we came to John Fennell's and there p.38 met with Solomon Eccles and Lucretia Cooke. We went thence to Cashel, to George Baker's.
6
We had a meeting there, being First Day. Solomon spoke, then I, then Lucretia. Solomon and I prayed. M. Martin and her sister were there and many of the townspeople. We returned to John Fennell's. 84
7
We returned thence to William Lawford's, and thence to Kilworth, had a meeting there. Solomon Eccles and I spoke.
8
We went to Tallow, called at Captain Campane's, a friend, by the way. Had a meeting at Tallow where we were disturbed by a busy constable; we refused to go unless he produced his commission. I spoke much with him; at last the man was smitten and departed. Solomon Eccles prayed and spoke, so did I. I had much discourse with Robert Cook. 85
9
Robert Cook, P. Cook [?], Solomon Eccles, William Hawkins [?], his daughter, John Penington, George Gamble and myself came to Youghal. I visited and invited Edward Landy to the meeting. He did not deny me, yet came not. We had a blessed meeting. Both of us spoke. Supped at the Inn.
10
We left Youghal and William Hawkins, his daughter, Robert Cook, and P. Cook and the rest of us came to Major Farmer's, and thence to Shanagarry, where we lay, being civilly treated. 86
11
We left John Penington at Shanagarry ill of a stoppage in his throat, at Shanagarry [sic], and Solomon Eccles, George Gamble and myself came to Colonel p.39 Phair's and so to Captain Bent's where we dined; and I left my chestnut nag, taking his daughter's mare, and came that night to Cork and lay at George Gamble's where Friends came to see us, Susanna Mitchell, George Webber, Henry Faggoter, Joan Cook, Richard Brocklesby, etc. 87
12
We contined at George Gamble's that day. I shaved my head, dined there, did something about my book. Supped at George Webber's with George Gamble, his wife, Susanna Mitchell, Solomon Eccles etc.: returned to George Gamble's, lay there.
13
We went to George Bennett's, five miles off to meeting. Had a precious one. Solomon Eccles, Susanna Mitchell and myself spoke. Returned and supped at George Gamble's. Had a meeting at Richard Brocklesby's; Solomon Eccles, Susanna Mitchell and I spoke. It was a large convincing meeting. Lay at Elizabeth Erbury's. 88
14
We dined at Elizabeth Erbury's, came to Joan Cook's, supped there. George Webber spoke. Susanna Mitchell prayed. Solomon Eccles spoke.
15
I wrote for England to Guli Springett and Alexander Parker. Dined at Susanna Mitchell's and lay there. Several Friends came to town.
16
We had a great meeting, being the Six Weeks meeting for Cork. Solomon [Eccles] and Susanna Mitchell spoke and some others. Things were well ordered as to Truth's affairs. We lay at George Gamble's.
17
Captain Phair and I ended Prigg's and Gale's business p.40 Solomon Eccles, John Hull, William Morris, John Penington, Philip Ford and myself went to Kinsale. Bought some of William Mask's baskets. 89
18
We went to Bandon. Only William Morris and William Mask went with us to Bandon. We had a meeting there. Solomon Eccles spoke. I also spoke. We were at the end disturbed, for the Provost and the Priest with three constables came to us. I satisfied the Provost, non-plussed the Priest. Wrote him a challenge and got the victory. 90
21
We came to William Morris's, that is Solomon Eccles, George Webber, John Penington, Philip Ford and I. John Allen came with us and returned. We lay there.
22
We went to Skibbereen; William Morris, Paul Morris, etc. with us. Solomon Eccles spoke. We returned that night. That is William Morris, Paul Morris, John Penington, Philip Ford and I, but Solomon Eccles and George Webber went with John Hull to his island. 92
23
Captain Moore, Abel Guilliams, P. Maddox, Adam Clark, Walter Harris, William Berry, Ed. Nuce, and old Frankland, also Philpot, Hundall [Arundal?], Crowley, Hart, German, O'Hea, and others. I bargained with Abel Guilliams; Captain Moore and the rest p.41 parted civilly; having appointed them their respective days to balance accounts and to article for the time to come. Several dined at William Morris's with me. William Morris, John Penington and Philip Ford and I went that afternoon to John Hull's island to Solomon Eccles and George Webber. Lay there. A pleasant and retired place. Given me a Greek psalter.
24
We all of us went to Baltimore. 93 Had a meeting at J. Fenn's. Solomon Eccles and I spoke; he and George Webber stayed, but the rest returned. We to William Morris's, John Hull to his island.
26
George Webber went to Cork. Solomon Eccles and [sic] went with him. Saw John Stubbs's farm, we returned. I could not agree with P. Maddox nor Ed. Nuce.
27
Several came to meeting from several parts, Captain Moore's children and many others. Solomon Eccles and I spoke. It was as precious a meeting as I was ever in. Solomon Eccles went to John Allen's.
28
Paul Morris, John Penington, John Hull and I went to Bandon. We went to meeting. I was called out by the Provost's man; I had three hours discourse with the Provosts [sic] very near, and praying with many of the dirtiest people of the town. My staying prevented the breaking up of the meeting. I endured much in spirit, in reproaches, slanders, and the wickedness of the multitude; yet in the end they were trampled upon in the dominion of the truth. We lay at Sarah Massey's. 94
March 1st
We returned to Captain Moore's at Rosscarbery by Martha Allen's. We dined at his house and supped there. Thomas Gookin came with me from Rosscarbery to Captain Morris's. 95
2
I finished with Jo. Woods, and Thomas Gookin went to Rosscarbery. I settled some of the proprietors; Warner was with me, but nothing concluded. D. Crowley and David German signed their articles.
3
Adam Clark came to me. I wrote a letter to the Earl of Barrymore by him. His business is unconcluded about Carrigroe. Walter Harris came in the afternoon, he engaged to discharge arrears, but agreed not for the future, only left it in suspense. John Hull came and lay with me. 96
4
I went to Rosscarbery, and John Hull, John Penington, Philip Ford, William Morris, and Paul Morris, to Captain Moore's. There breakfasted, and thence to Lieutenant Ed. Clark's, thence to Clonakilty. Met with Maddox, concluded not. From thence to Bandon, many accompanying me a good part of the way. From thence to Cork. I had the priest's letter and shall answer it. 97
5
We and many Friends to the number of twenty-three from Cork to Youghal; others came from other parts in order to [be at] the next day's meeting. Solomon Eccles and I lay at Robert Sandham's. 98
6
We had an exceeding great meeting and the people sober, and several reached, all peaceable, and the Mayor himself said had he not been Mayor he would have p.43 come. We supped at the two Inns, being divided and too many for one. Solomon Eccles, Susanna Mitchell, Joan Cook, George Webber, Philip Ford and I went to Edward Landy's, we much reached his love and hopes were begotten of him and so returned, he accompanying us a great part of the way.
7
I visited M. Newlon's father, a fine old man and civil. He lives highly as to the outward, also J. Gerald. Met Governor Osborne, Captain Hull, Ensign Russell, and Owen Silver, ended the controversy with him, but Woodley flinches. We left Youghal. I brought Friends to Carrigtuohill. By the way at Corabby I changed my dun nag for a fleabit mare. Returned to Colonel Phair's, supped there, and then to Captain Bent's to bed. 99
9 [sic]
Wrote for England, to Father, Guli; Philip Ford went to Cork. I went to Colonel Phair's. Stayed till evening, then returned to Captain Bent's. Captain Bent was come home. He has almost done his business with Barrymore.
10
We stayed at Captain Bent's, went over to Colonel Phair's with Captain Bent and dined there. Returned to Captain Bent's. I wrote a sheet or two against Priest Moore; and purpose, effective. 100
11
Philip Ford came from Cork. The Judge was come to Cork. Friends imprisoned. Great severity expressed.
12
Captain Bent's man went to Cork to excuse his master's not coming to town to the Earl of Barrymore.
13
Philip went to Cork again for Captain Rooth. Came not that day, but Bent's man came. He brought me a p.44 packet. One letter from my father, one from Guli, one from T. Firm., one from my sister. Wrote to the Judge.
14
Philip came with my cousin Rooth from Cork. Friends barbarously dealt with. Mayor and Judge agreed. Many appear for them. My cousin Rooth and Captain Bent agreed as far as could be. I have bought his stone horse for £15, at is my black horse of John Fennell's, and £9 sterling.
15
We came all to Cork; Cousin Rooth, Captain Bent, and myself etc. I alighted at Thomas Cook's, wrote letters, went to the prison and saw dear Friends. Many Friends were at the Assizes.
16
I went to the Judge. Could not speak to him in the morning. I went to George Webber's. Saw Lord Shannon, went with him, Sir St.John Broderick and Redmond Barry to the Judge, discoursed with him. Effected but little, but cleared Truth and came over the Judge. 101
17
William Morris carried my letter to the Judge; he seemed civil but dealt wickedly. He affronted Jonathan Dempsey on our account, and in the County Hall finished the matter against Friends, that he should have done in the City Hall. 102 Many appeared for us, but nothing done for us. We waited to speak with the Judge, prepared Earl Barrymore, Lord Shannon, and Captain Moore; and wrote a letter delivered by Lord Shannon but nothing done, only the tools are not to be taken away, and room to be given for lodging. The Judge went out of town and left the prisons full, and Friends were fined £195 besides fees; one Friend was beaten in the Court but was not regarded by Judge or p.45 Jury. A wickeder Mayor nor Judge has not been in the city of Cork since Truth came. We went to prison, informed Friends, and went to our lodgings.
18
I left Friends in prison. Philip Ford, John Penington and I went to Imokilly by Lord Shannon's, Captain Rooth and John Gay accompanying us. Lord Shannon made us welcome. From thence over both passages to Captain Bent's. 103
19
I went to Colonel Phair's. Returned at evening. I set about a book against persecution called 'The Great Case of Liberty of Conscience Debated and Defended.'
21
I went, Philip with me, to G. Fitzgerald's, and signed articles with him, cleared arrears with Captain R. Smith. Went to Lady Tynte's. Ended with Colonel Osborne for himself and Captain Smith. We dined there. Returned by Shanagarry. Colonel Wallis brought us beyond Captain Boles's. We called there. We found at Captain Bent's Major Woodley, at last concluded with him and passed articles between us.
22
I proceeded with my discourse, much. Colonel Phair and Captain Gale came to me. The business in suspense with Captain Gale still, and Colonel Phair also.
23
I proceeded and almost finished my discourse against persecution. 104 Philip went to Rous, nothing done with him. Still at Captain Bent's.
24
I proceeded still with my book. Colonel Phair ended p.46 with me. We left Captain Bent's and came to Cork. I went to visit Friends whose tools are taken from them. Lay at Thomas Cook's.
25
I spoke with J. Gould, did nothing. Sent one sheet of The Great Case to Dublin. John Gay gave order for my little wig to be made into two cap borders. Went to prison, thence to George Gamble's. His child just then expired. Went to Bandon, saw Sarah Massey and Thomas Davis, and lay at Dashwood's. 105
26
We went to William Morris's. Called at Clonakilty. 'Twas very stormy. Sent for Captain Moore. He came, partly agreed with him. Lay at William Morris's.
27
We had a very good meeting. William Morris spoke three times, and myself twice and once called on the Lord God of life. Captain Moore's wife, Nuce's son and daughter were there. Parted with G. Bale.
28
William Morris went towards Maryborough upon Truth's account. Abel Guilliams came but refused his arrears and so parted. His distress was sent for by F. etc. O'Hea. P. Maddox was here. He was himself still and so he parted. No sheaf [?] without arrears. Abel Guilliams came again, the business off still; the cattle violently rescued. David German had his lease. J. Southwell signed articles for Carhoo at £2 6 per annum. 106
29
We went to David German's, dined there. Walter Harris and his brother James Martin came thither. We agreed not. All of us went to Creaghbeg to view the Irishman's farm. Thence to Thomas Gookin's who was p.47 not within and so to Lieutenant Ed. Clark's and agreed with him at £40 per annum, a great bargain in consideration of old friendship, service done my father and his own great charge. Thence to Adam Clark's to whom I gave a letter to be sent to the Earl of Barrymore, and so home by Rosscarbery to William Morris's where we lay. 107
30
We stayed at home. I wrote much of my Great Case of Liberty of Conscience. Nuce came, nothing done.
31
We went to Thomas Gookin's. Spoke with P. Maddox; he was rude and surly. We passed thence to the Sleevens, Geiragh and Kyle and so home again. 108
April 1st
Em. Nuce came to me but the leases were not come. I wrote more of my book. We stayed at home. John Hull came. Walter Harris and J. Martin ended with me.
2
Ed. Nuce and D. Crowley came; the first had his lease. The last could not, it was not come. We stayed at home. I did proceed with my book. 109
4
I went to Captain Moore's. All of us went with Abel Guilliams to Aghamilla. He had distress [?]. We returned to Captain Moore's and there lay. 110
5
We all went to Ed. Nuce's, then Captain Moore and I went to P. Maddox. He was not at home. We returned to Ed. Nuce's, there dined, and so came to p.48 Captain Moore's. I got my quitrent of the man of Geiragh, but did not agree with him about the sale of his lease.
6
P. Maddox came. I offered him his farm at £24 per per annum if J.S. would give way. He would not and said he was resolved in his mind. Lieutenant Colonel Mead came and dined at Captain Moore's. Martha Moore, her daughter, little Manne [Marie?], Philip, John and I walked to William Morris's but returned at night. 111
7
Captain Moore, John Hull, Philip, John and I went to Bandon. Visited Friends. Earl Barrymore was not there. Lay at Lieutenant Dashwood's.
8
We went to Cork, saw Friends in prison, took fresh horses and so for Castle Lyons. Adam Clark and T. Hungerford with us. From Castle Lyons we went to Shanagarry, in all 38 Irish miles. 112
9
We went to Lady Tynte's. Agreed with the Earl of Barrymore for £20 to have Carrigroe, the Nine Greens free, only quitrent excepted. Colonel Osborne and his lady not being at home came into the yard as we were going out to take horse. We rode to Frank Smith's, he was not within. We dined there. So over the ferries to Cork. Took our horses and so for Bandon that night, being 12 Irish miles after 6 p.m. Lay at Dashwood's.
10
George Gamble came to me. We breakfasted and I mounted for Rosscarbery. Overtook a burying, barbarous like the heathen. Came to Rosscarbery. John Hull was there. We lay there. 113
11
We continued there. The Surveyor General of the Harbours came, went to Baltimore. John Hull accompanied him. The young Gookins came. W. Berry came. We concluded on £22. 10. for to release his farm, but to have it one year. 114
12
W. Freke came. W. Berry came, for £6 he surrendered his year's lease, that is he promised to do it. I was to meet him the day following at Clonakilty to resolve. W. Freke took Killeene at £22 per annum for Captain Freke. Adam Clark took Derryduff at £24 per annum and £22 fine.
13
We left Rosscarbery, went to Thomas Gookin's, sent for Berry. He came not. We went to him at Clonakilty. He boiled. I fell out with him and so returned to Rosscarbery to settle that business. I overtook Bohun, the Irish tenant. Brought him to Rosscarbery. Sent J. and L. Hart to distrain the cattle on Berry's farm.
14
The distress came early, the money paid and engaged for to be paid. Berry came, was as before. I offered him what I at first did and he demanded [sic]. He refused it before Captain Moore. He bid him begone.
15
Philip went to Cork. Met Berry; he submitted and left himself at my mercy. I met him at Banduff, paid him £6 and 20/- over and above and finished our difference. He acknowledged his fault and so William Morris, John Hull and I came to Rosscarbery. William Morris returned. We stayed.
17
Philip Ford returned from Cork. We had a very good meeting. Several strangers came. James Martin Moore stayed and supped at William Morris's. We returned to Rosscarbery, lay there. Received a letter from my father.
18
Captain Moore and we went to Enniskean, spoke to Ruddock, did nothing, and so to Macroom by E. Powel's island. Stayed there that night. Lay at Chris. Gould's. 116
19
Stayed there that day by reason of rain. Saw the Castle and gardens. Was at the widow Gould's, bespoke 7 and 3 gallons of usquebaugh. 117
20
We came to Kinsale. Left Captain Moore at Ballinglass to return homewards. We were wet. Saw Thomas Gookin, Captain Rooth, Cousin Penn, etc.
21
I went to see old Robert Southwell, stayed two hours with him; he and his wife were civil to me; found no papers but Ruddock's. Dined at my lodging. Came to Cork. Saw Friends. Lay at the Slows.
25
I went to Ladysbridge. Colonel Osborne and Major Woodley came and took their leases, two to Osborne, one for himself and one for Smith, and Woodley one for p.51 himself; went to Rous, gave order that he and Walkham should come on 27th inst. 118
27
I went to Ballicrenane, John Boles with me. Called at Colonel Fitzgerald's, and at G. Fitzgerald's, at Ladysbridge and saw Sir F. Hanley. I could do little with Osborne about Captain Bent's business. 119
28
Valentine Greatrakes, Colonel Phair, etc. dined here. Captain Rous and Captain Walkham. I ended with Rous at £33 per annum. Dismissed Joshua Mantle. Philip came from Cork and Alderman Langer lay here. 120
29
I went to meet Colonel Osborne at Corabby. Concluded on nothing. He said it was in agitation since the last 6th month, called August. John Boles was with me. I went thence to Captain Boles's barn and so to Colonel Phair's where I dined.
30
William Freke came hither. Philip went to Cork. James Gould and Thomas Frankland came for a surcease of the arrest, stayed that night.
2
Philip came home. Went with me to Inch and Walter Croker took possession. Returned by Cloyne. There dined and so home. 121
3
The Irish inhabitants came. They had their houses p.52 and gardens as before. Two were made sergeants to keep the grass etc., Croning and Pierce. J. Walkham came, Thomas Frankland and his son. I bought his son's horse, gave one guinea of earnest for eleven. Sir F. Hanley and G. Fitzgerald came. The last had his lease. They supped and so returned. 122
4
Captain Walkham went with me and Philip Ford to Tallow. Met Colonel Osborne but not the Earl of Barrymore. From thence we went to Sir Boyle Maynard's, so to Walter Croker's, there Lord Broghill met us. Went with him to Castle Lyons. Lay there. 123
5
I was at the Castle. I spoke with Lord Shannon and Lord Barrymore and his lady. Did my business as well as I could, and so returned to Captain Bent's. Captain Walkham went to Aghada. I wrote away to Castle Lyons to Lord Barrymore and Lord Shannon.
6
Received letters from Lord Shannon and Lord Barrymore. Stayed at Captain Bent's. Walter Croker went away. I made the steps into the private walk. Philip and I had some words.
8
I enjoyed the Lord that day. John Penington and I waited in my chamber together. I went to Captain Boles's. Had W.R, H.G., and J.O.
9
Philip Ford came from Cork. We went to Rous, ended with him. Had his security of 30 beasts and 2 p.53 leases for the payment of £43. 10. Returned to Captain Bent's to meet Thomas Mitchell and J. Haman.
10
We came to Cork. I wrote to B., to Lord Shannon, to my dear B. twice, to the Count [or Countess] of Clancarty, to Elizabeth Bailey, to Thomas Lower [?] to Thomas Ellwood etc. Philip Ford went post to Dublin. I saw Captain Moore. 124
11
We had a precious meeting. Philip Dymond, Susanna Mitchell, George Webber, William Hawkins [?] John Hull and myself spoke. I prayed.
12
We went to prison, stayed mostly with Friends. J. Gould and John Boles were here. I lay at prison.
13
I stayed the morning at Thomas Cook's about business. Went to prison at night, spoke a few words. Lay at home. I was with the Mayor about my books. He abused me with names, as Cockscomb, Jackanapes, fellow, fool, etc. 125
14
I wrote by Captain Moore to the Provost and Burgesses of Bandon in answer to the priest. I went to see Friends. Lay at prison all night. Disputed with the collector.
15
We had a good meeting. We were disturbed. John Hull and three more were stopped. They missed me, though they saw me and came for me. I came home. I spoke twice. 126
16
Went to Friends. Sent a letter to Charleville. Disputed with Aldermen Coult and Dunscomb. Returned to my lodging at Thomas Cook's. 127
17
I was at prison all day. We drew up a paper of Friends' sufferings to be sent to Dublin. I received an express from Cousin Crispin.
19
With old Robert Southwell, disputed with him. Ended with Cousin Penn. Dined with Cousin Rooth, disputed much at table. Returned to Cork. Philip came from Dublin, nothing done. Lay at Thomas Cook's. 128
20
I received a packet from Lord Bryan from Charleville. The Mayor upon a letter to him returned the books. We went to meeting. Lay at Thomas Cook's.
21
We went into the country at Captain Bent's. Fixed Thomas Frankland's leases and signed John Boles's. Wrote to the tenants.
24
Jo. Rous came about his bond. We ended the scruple. We came to Cork. Saw Friends. Lay at Thomas Cook's. Disputed with a Popish Colonel.
26
The tenants came to town. Signed G. Bale's leases, D. Crowley's lease, Lieutenant Clark's, J. Southwell's, two of Adam Clark's and Captain Freke's.
27
I wrote to William Morris. I gave George O'Hea a note for £4. per annum, and young T. O'Hea forty shillings. I received a statute staple from James Gould for to secure a rent charge of £ 20 per annum. Signed Walter Harris's lease and James Martin's. Did much other business. Went to prison and so to my lodging, and about 12 at night took post for Dublin. Got to Tallow.
30
Thomas Fearon and Robert Turner came to see me. An order obtained but to be on bail not accepted. 131
31
I wrote to the Lord Lieutenant and to Sir Ellis Leighton, the secretary, to have admission to the Lord Lieutenant. It was promised the next day. Visited Friends. I also wrote to the Chancellor.
June 1st
I was with the Chancellor. Discoursed with him. Much promised. I was with the Lord Lieutenant. Met the Earl of Arran there. I had kind admission. He promised me fair. We were called into the Council; Lord Arran came for me, having first carried in our papers. An order of reference was granted to several to enquire about Friends' sufferings. 132
3
We went again to Council. I was with Lord Arran at the Red House; his coach brought me home. An order granted for the release of Maryborough Friends.
4
Lord Arran, Lord Shannon, Lord Kingston, Major Fairfax, Buckly, Sesser, Sheifield, etc. dined with me. I wrote for England to o.b.ff. 133
5
We had a large but hard meeting, being First Day. Several great ones, the Countesses of Mount Alexander and of Clancarty, Lady Harney, etc. God's power was over them all and they were reached. Had another meeting at my lodging, Thomas Fearon and I spoke. 134
6
I was with the Chancellor, also with Lord Arran, and the Lord Lieutenant in his closet alone. He promised to release our Friends and did so by order of Council in the afternoon. My father's business is also done.
8
I was at Council, we obtained an answer, but Barry was safe [base?] to us. Lord Shannon went to take the air, supped with me.
12
We went to meeting. I and Thomas spoke. We had a precious and powerful meeting. Afterwards another at our house.
13
I was with the Chancellor and Lord Arran, gave him John Hull's letter. We had an order for John Hull at Council. We waited there. Lord Shannon was with me at supper.
15
I was at Lord Shannon's. I went to the Council. I was called in, heard. We obtained an order for the release of the remaining nine, also for John Hull. I gave the Chancellor my letter. Dined at Lady Clancarty's. Lord Shannon supped with me.
16
I was at Lord Shannon's. Saw the Earl of Clancarty. Lord Shannon, Sir St. John Broderick and his wife dined with me. Philip went to Cork with the orders.
17
I was with Lord Shannon, disputed there. Dined at home. He came and St. John Broderick after dinner. Was with Colonel Shapcot and Con. Stephens. Supped at home. Visited by Thomas Fearon and Abraham Fuller. 135
18
I was with Lord Shannon, also with Colonel Shapcot and O. Stephens. Nothing done yet about the letters. Dined and supped at home.
19
We went to meeting. Thomas Fearon spoke twice, I twice, two other Friends once apiece, returned, supped p.58 and met again at the old meetinghouse. C. Buckly ran the meeting.
20
I was with Lord Shannon, also with old jd [judge?] Fouls [or Bouls]. Dined and supped at home. I was with Lord Ranelagh. 136
23
I was sent for to Lady Mount Alexander's. I disputed with the Papists, manifested their great folly. Went home, so to Thomas Fearon's to supper and so to Lord Shannon's.
24
I was at home. I saw Thomas Fearon, heard from Philip from Cork. Received my book of Liberty of Conscience. 138
25
I went in coach to Ballymore Eustace with Thomas Fearon. 139 Philip and John Penington came to town.
26
We had a good meeting there, being the first. Returned at night. Supped at home. Received letter from my o.b.ff., S. M. and Elizabeth Bailey. 140
27
Was at the Council, gave two addresses, one for Cork and one for Maryborough, one to Lord Ranelagh and one to Lord Arran. An order to fetch up Friends by a pursuivant. 141
28
We were at a meeting. William Edmondson judge [... ?] and Thomas Fearon, but it disgusted Friends.
29
I was with the Lord Lieutenant. He was kind; with Lord Arran, gave him a horse. With the Chancellor, Lord Shannon, etc. Dined with Lord Mount Alexander.
30
We went to meeting. Met Soloman Eccles and William Steele Thomas Fearon, Solomon Eccles and William Steele spoke. Supped at my lodging. 142
I was with Lord Masserene, dined with M. Forster. Solomon Eccles was at Council, obtained an order.
Document details
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Title statement
Title (uniform): My Irish Journal, 1669–1670
Author: William Penn
Editor: Isabel Grubb
Responsibility statement
Electronic edition compiled and proof-read by: Benjamin Hazard
Introduction by: Hiram Morgan
Funded by: University College, Cork, via the HEA (PRTLI 4) and University College, Cork
Edition statement
2. Second draft.
Extent: 26220 words
Publication statement
Publisher: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork
Address: College Road, Cork, Ireland —http://www.ucc.ie/celt
Date: 2013
Date: 2017
Distributor: CELT online at University College, Cork, Ireland.
CELT document ID: E660001-002
Availability: Available with prior consent of the CELT programme for purposes of academic research and teaching only. Copyright for the notes to the text resides with Pearson Education Publishing. Permission to include the notes to the text is granted, subject to acknowledgement of Pearson Education as publishers.
Notes statement
Source description
Original autograph manuscript
- Philadelphia, PA. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Granville Penn Collection, Manuscript Division, 'My Irish Journal farthest from London on ye 15 of ye 7th Month 1669', 138pp. 12mo.
Editions
- 'Journal of Penn's second visit to Ireland,' in: The Pennsylvania magazine of history and biography, 40 (January 1916) 46–84.
- My Irish Diary, 1669–1670 by William Penn. Edited by Isabel Grubb with an Introduction by Henry J. Cadbury (London: Longmans, Green and Company, 1952).
Selection of further reading
- William Penn, The Great CASE of Liberty of Conscience once more briefly debated and defended, by the authority of REASON, SCRIPTURE, and ANTIQUITY: which may serve the place of a general reply to such late discourses; as have oppos'd a toleration (Dublin 1670).
- William Penn, A seasonable caveat against popery (Cork: William Smith 1670).
- William Penn, A letter of love to the young convinced (Cork: William Smith 1670).
- Thomas Holme & Abraham Fuller, A brief relation of some part of the sufferings of the true Christians, the people of God (in scorn called Quakers) in Ireland (1672).
- Samuel Fuller & Thomas Holme, A compendious view of some extraordinary sufferings of the people call'd Quakers, both in person and substance, in the kingdom of Ireland (Dublin, 1731).
- John Rutty, History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland from the Year 1653 to 1700 (1751).
- A. C. Meyers, Immigration of Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682–1750, with their early history in Ireland (Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 1902).
- Robert Murray, Ireland, 1603–1714 (London 1920).
- Isabel Grubb, Quakers in Ireland, 1654–1900 (London 1927).
- R. B. McDowell, 'The problem of religious dissent in Ireland, 1660–1740,' Bulletin, Irish Committee of Historical Sciences 40 (1945).
- Henry J. Cadbury, 'Intercepted correspondence of William Penn, 1670', The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 70 (1946) 349–72.
- Mary Penington & Henry J. Cadbury, 'More Penn Correspondence, Ireland, 1669–1670', The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 73 (1949) 9–15.
- Thomas E. Drake, (Review) 'My Irish Journal, 1669–1670 by William Penn; Isabel Grubb', The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 77 (1953) 112–114.
- Constantia Maxwell, The stranger in Ireland: from the reign of Elizabeth to the Great Famine (London 1954).
- Mary Maples Dunn & Richard S. Dunn, The papers of William Penn (5 vols, Philadelphia 1981–87).
- Mary Maples Dunn & Richard S. Dunn, The world of William Penn (Philadelphia 1986).
- J. G. Simms, War and politics in Ireland: 1649–1730; edited by D.W. Hayton and Gerard O'Brien (London 1986).
- Helen Hatton, The largest amount of good, Quaker relief in Ireland, 1654–1921 (Montreal 1993).
- Phil Kilroy, Protestant dissent and controversy in Ireland, 1660–1714 (Cork 1994).
- W. K. Sessions, 'William Penn's tract printing in Cork in 1670' in idem, Further Irish studies in early printing history (York: Ebor Press 1994).
- P. W. Joyce, The origin and history of Irish names of places. Facsimile of the original edition in 3 volumes published 1869–1913 (repr. Dublin 1995).
- John McVeagh (ed.), Irish travel writing. A bibliography (Dublin 1996).
- Robert L. Greaves, God's other children: Protestant nonconformists and the emergence of denominational churches in Ireland, 1660–1700 (Stanford CA, 1997).
- Robert L. Greaves, Merchant-Quaker: Anthony Sharp and the community of Friends, 1643–1707 (Stanford CA, 1998).
- Allan MacInnes & Jane Ohlmeyer (eds.), The Stuart kingdoms in the seventeenth century: awkward neighbours (Dublin 2002).
- Andrew Murphy (ed.), The political writings of William Penn (Indianapolis 2002).
- T.C.W. Blanning & Hagen Schulze (eds.), Unity and diversity in European culture, c.1800 [Issue 134 of Proceedings of the British Academy] (Oxford & New York 2006).
- Matthew Glozier and David Onnekink (eds.), War, religion and service: Huguenot soldiering, 1685–1713 (Aldershot 2007).
- James Kelly, John McCafferty & Charles Ivar McGrath (eds.), People, politics and power: essays on Irish history, 1660–1850, in honour of James I. McGuire (Dublin 2009).
- C. J. Woods, Travellers' accounts as source material for Irish historians (Dublin 2009).
- Charles Smith, Natural and Civil History of Waterford, Dublin 1746.
Concise Penn Bibliography, compiled by Ruth Canning [There is some overlap with the above list]
- "List of Penn Manuscripts," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 28, No. 2 (1904), pp. 155-168.
- Penn, William. A Memoir of William Penn (Philadelphia, 1870).
- Bernet, Claus. "Marc Swanner (1639-1713): The Man Behind Fox and Penn," Quaker History, Vol. 99, No. 2 (2010), pp. 20-36.
- Brailsford, Mabel. The Making of William Penn (New York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1930).
- Braithwaite, William C. The Beginnings of Quakerism (London: Macmillan, 1912).
- Braithwaite, William C. The Second Period of Quakerism (London, 1919).
- Broghill, Mary Pennington and Henry J. Cadbury (eds.). "More Penn Correspondence, Ireland, 1669-1670," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 73, No. 1 (1949), pp. 9-15.
- Buckley, Eila. "William Penn in Dublin," Dublin Historical Record, Vol. 6, No. 3 (1944), pp. 81-90.
- Buranelli, Vincent. The King and the Quaker (Philadelphia, 1962).
- Cadbury, Henry J. "Intercepted Correspondence of William Penn, 1670," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 70, No. 4 (1946), pp. 349-372.
- Calvert, Jane E. Quaker Constitutionalism and the Political Thought of John Dickinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
- Davies, Adrian. The Quakers in English Society, 1655-1725 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
- De Krey. "Rethinking the restoration: Dissenting Cases of Conscience, 1667-1672," Historical Journal, 38 (1995), pp. 53-83.
- Dunn, Richard S. and Dunn, Mary Maples (eds.). The World of William Penn (Pennsylvania, 1986).
- Dunn, Richard S. and Dunn, Mary Maples (eds.). The Papers of William Penn (Philadelphia, 1981-).
- Dunn, Mary Maples. William Penn: Politics and Conscience (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967).
- Dunn, Mary Maples. "The Personality of William Penn," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 127, No. 5 (1983), pp. 316-321.
- Endy, Melvin B. Jr. William Penn and Early Quakerism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973).
- Fisher, Sydney George. The True William Penn (Philadelphia, 1899).
- Ford, Linda. "William Penn's Views on Women: Subjects of Friendship," Quaker History, Vol. 72, No. 2 (1983), pp. 75-102.
- Geiter, Mary. "William Penn and Jacobitism: A Smoking Gun?" Historical Research, Vol. 73:181 (2000), pp. 213-218.
- Greaves, Richard L. Enemies Under His Feet: Radicals and Nonconformists in Britain, 1664-1667 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990).
- Hodges, George. William Penn (Cambridge, 1901).
- Holland, Rupert. William Penn (New York, 1915).
- Hughs, Mary. The life of William Penn (Philadelphia, 1828).
- Horle, Craig. The Quakers and the English Legal System 1660-1688 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988).
- Ingle, H. Larry. First Among Friends: George Fox and the Creation of Quakerism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
- Janney, Samuel Mcpherson. The Life of William Penn: with selections from his correspondence and autobiography (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, 1853).
- Leach, M Atherton. "Gulielma Maria Springett, First Wife of William Penn," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 57, No. 2 (1933), pp. 97-116.
- Lockhart, Audrey. "The Quakers and Emigration From Ireland to the North American Colonies," Quaker History, Vol. 77, No. 2 (1988), pp. 67-92.
- Maloyed, Christie N. "A liberal Civil Religion: William Penn's Holy Experiment," Journal of Church and State, Vol. 55, No. 4 (2013), pp. 669-711.
- Morgan, Edmund S. "The World of William Penn," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 127, No. 5 (1983), pp. 291-315.
- Moore, Rosemary. The Light of their Consciences: The Early Quakers in Britain, 1646-1666 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000).
- Murphy, Andrew R. "The Emergence of William Penn, 1668-1671," Journal of Church and State, Vol. 57, No. 2 (2014), pp. 333-359.
- Murphy, Andrew R. "Trial Transcripts as Political Theory: Principles and Performance in the Penn-Mead Case," Political Theory, Vol. 41 (2013), pp. 775-808.
- Murphy, Andrew R. "The Limits and Promise of Political Theorizing: William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania,"History of Political Thought, Vol. 34 (2013), pp. 639-668.
- Nash, Gary B. Quakers and Politics: Pennsylvania, 1681-1726, (Princeton, 1968).
- Neill, Desmond. "The Quakers in Ireland," North Irish Roots, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1995), pp. 9-11.
- Newman, Paul Douglas. "'Good Will to all men ... from the King on the throne to the beggar on the dunghill': William Penn, the Roman Catholics, and Religious Toleration," Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 61, No. 4 (1994), pp. 457-479.
- Peare, Catherine O. William Penn (Philadelphia, 1957).
- Penn, Granville. Memorials of the professional life and times of Sir William Penn, 2 Vols., From 1644-1670 (London: 1833).
- Penn, William. A Collection of the Works of William Penn. 2 Vols. (London: 1726) The book can be found on www.archive.org and contains a list of further publications by Penn: https://archive.org/stream/collectionofwork01penn#page/n18/mode/1up.
- Pincus, Steve. 1688: The First Modern Revolution (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009).
- Robbins, Caroline. "The Papers of William Penn," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 93, No. 1 (1969), pp. 3-12.
- Schwartz, Sally. "William Penn and Toleration: Foundations of Colonial Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 50, No. 4 (1983), pp. 284-312.
- Sutto, Antoinette. The borders of Absolutism: William Penn, Chalres Calvert, and the Limits of Royal Authority, 1680-1685," Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 76, No. 3 (2009), pp. 276-300.
- Vann, Richard. The Social Development of English Quakerism 1655-1755 (Cambridge, Mass., 1969).
- Wainwright, Nicholas B. "The Penn Collection," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 87, No. 4 (1963), pp. 393-419.
- Wight, Thomas. A History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland (1811).
- Young Kunze, Bonnelyn. "Religious Authority and Social Status in Seventeenth-Century England: The Friendship of Margaret Fell, George Fox, and William Penn," Church History, Vol. 57, No. 2 (1988), pp. 170-186.
The edition used in the digital edition
Penn, William (1952). My Irish Journal, 1669–1670. Ed. by Isabel Grubb. 1st ed. 103 pages; Introduction; background; modernized version of text; pages from Journal; list of Penn’s lands; Notes, index; end papers, two maps of Penn’s lands &. London, New York, Toronto: Longmans, Green and Company.
You can add this reference to your bibliographic database by copying or downloading the following:
@book{E660001-002,
title = {My Irish Journal, 1669–1670},
author = {William Penn},
editor = {Isabel Grubb},
edition = {1},
note = {103 pages; Introduction; background; modernized version of text; pages from Journal; list of Penn's lands; Notes, index; end papers, two maps of Penn's lands \&.},
publisher = {Longmans, Green and Company },
address = {London, New York, Toronto},
date = {1952}
}
Encoding description
Project description: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
Sampling declarations
The present text consists of Isabel Grubb's modernized version of William Penn's Irish Journal, 1669–1670, corresponding to pp 18–59 of the 1952 edition. The extensive notes by Isabel Grubb which accompany the original text are included, pp 61–94. In the hardcopy these notes are printed after the Journal. For ease of use by readers, the electronic edition presents Isabel Grubb's notes following each relevant Journal entry. Each note is numbered. Copyright permission for the notes is granted by Pearson Education, hereby acknowledged as publishers. The prefatory material to the same edition; the reproductions of pages; index; maps and end papers are not included here.
Editorial declarations
Correction: Text proofread twice at CELT.
Normalization: Expansions are marked ex. Editorial notes are included, marked note type="auth" and numbered.
Quotation: Direct speech is not tagged.
Hyphenation: Soft hyphens are silently removed. When a hyphenated word (hard or soft) crosses a page-break or line-break, this break is marked after the completion of the hyphenated word.
Segmentation: div0=the book; div1=the section. The sections are structured by entries given in chronological order; paragraphs are marked; page-breaks are marked pb n="". The editorial note by Isabel Grubb is contained in the front matter.
Standard values: Dates are standardized in the ISO form yyyy-mm-dd. They are those given by William Penn. At the start of each month, Isabel Grubb inserted the usual names of the month rather than the Roman numerals employed by the Quakers.
Interpretation: Place-names, group and personal names are not tagged.
Reference declaration
A canonical reference to a location in this text should be made using “entry”, eg entry 1669.1.
Profile description
Creation: By William Penn 1669–1670
Language usage
- The text is in English. (en)
- Placenames in Irish, with anglicised spelling. (ga)
Keywords: prose; journal; 17c; Quakers
Revision description
(Most recent first)
- 2017-01-12: New SGML and HTML files created. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2017-01-11: Concise Penn Bibliography supplied. (ed. Ruth Canning)
- 2013-11-21: Additions made to bibliographical details. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2013-09-10: Introduction converted to XML, footnote inserted; footnotes re-numbered; file re-parsed. SGML and HTML files created. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2013-09-10: Introduction supplied. (ed. Hiram Morgan)
- 2013-09-07: Entries numbered; header modified; file re-parsed. SGML and HTML files created. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2013-09-06: Changes made to header; file parsed. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2013-09-05: File divisions and date values applied and verified. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-09-03: Notes inserted into file. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-08-30: Remaining notes to the text proof-read; structural and content mark-up added. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-08-27: Pages 24–40 of Journal proof-read with the addition of structural and content mark-up. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-08-15: Further entries made to bibliography. (ed. Hiram Morgan)
- 2013-08-14: File parsed. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2013-08-14: Data input of editorial notes to the text with mark-up; header adapted with the inclusion of extra bibliographical information. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-08-10: Pages 44–59 proof-read (2); content mark-up added. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-25: Structural mark-up compiled for pages 33–59. Pages 44–59 proof-read (1). (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-25: Header modified. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-22: Proofing (1); structural and content encoding applied. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-15: Header created and bibliographic details compiled. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-14: Structural and content encoding applied. (ed. Benjamin Hazard)
- 2013-07-01: Text captured. (data capture Benjamin Hazard)