Preface
The closing decade of the eighteenth century saw revolution sweep across Europe, influencing the radicalisation of Irish society and the establishment of the United Irishmen. During these years, a series of Catholic Relief acts, also, challenged the Irish Protestant Ascendency and the political status quo. Dr Francis Moylan (1735-1815), bishop of Cork, the most prominent Munster bishop, was determined to safeguard the Catholic community; its persons and property from 'eternal misery'. His pastoral letter, written as a French invasion force, led by General Lazare La Hoche (1768-1797) and Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763-1798), were anchored in Bantry Bay, is a testament to the fear and trepidation the Catholic hierarchy harboured towards the French Revolution and its exponents. In this Christmas oration, read throughout the Cork diocesan parishes, the prelate denounced, in no uncertain terms, the destructive nature of these 'impious invaders', 'domestic enemies' and 'unnatural children' who sought to unleash anarchy and untold evils. He warned his flock of 'the lure of equalising property. Insisting that, 'the poor instead of getting any part of the spoil of the rich', would be, 'robbed of their own little pittance.' In the strongest terms, he decried the atheistical principles of French fraternity and stressed they would, ultimately, deprive the congregation of 'the comfort of celebrating this auspicious day'. It is evident in this homily; the bishop followed French political events intently and the psychological impact of the revolution on the clergy, should not be underestimated.
For his efforts, and this pastoral, in particular, Moylan was praised by Cardinal Charles Erskine (1739-1811), who sent a copy of the letter to Rome. He was commended by Thomas Pelham, (1756-1826) the Chief Secretary and Earl Camden (1759-1840), the Lord Lieutenant. He also received, from Cork Corporation, a silver box inscribed, “to perpetuate our grateful approbation of your pious exertions in promoting the Peace and Order of his Country at the moment of menaced Invasion” making Moylan the first member of the Catholic clergy to be admitted a city Freeman, and “the only one ever admitted, so far as appears (1796) by the Council Books.”
Victoria Pearson.
Moylan, Francis
Whole text
Doctor Francis Moylan, to his beloved flock, The Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cork
At a moment of such general alarm and consternation, it is a duty I owe to you, my beloved flock, to recall to your minds the sacred principles of loyalty, allegiance, and good order, that must direct your conduct on such an awful occasion. Charged as I am by that blessed Saviour (whose birth with grateful hearts we, on this day, solemnise), with the care of your souls, interested beyond expression in your temporal and eternal welfare, it is incumbent on me to exhort you to that peaceable demeanour, which must ever mark his true and faithful disciples. Loyalty to the sovereign, and respect for the constituted authorities, have been always the prominent features in the Christian character; and by patriotism and obedience to the established form of government, have our ancestors been distinguished at all times, and under circumstances, very different from these in which we have the happiness to live. For, blessed God, we are no longer strangers in our native land – no longer excluded from the benefits of the happy constitution under which we live – no longer separated by odious distinctions from our fellow subjects. To our gracious sovereign we are bound by the concurring principles of gratitude and duty, and to all our fellow-citizens by mutual interest and Christian duty.
Under these circumstances, it is obvious what line of conduct you are to adopt if the invaders, who are said to be on our coasts, should make good their landing, and attempt to penetrate into our country. To allure you to cooperation with their views, they will not fail to make specious professions that their only object is to emancipate you from the pretended tyranny under which you groan, and to restore you those rights of which they will say you are deprived.
You, my good people, whom I particularly address, who are strangers to passing occurrences, had you known in what manner they fulfilled similar promises in the unfortunate countries which, on the faith of them, they gained admittance, you would learn caution from their credulity, and distrust men who have trampled on all laws, human and divine. Germany, Flanders, Italy, Holland – to say nothing of their own, once the happiest, now the most miserable country in the world – can attest the irreparable ruin, desolation, and destruction occasioned by French fraternity.
Be not deceived by the lure of equalizing property which they will hold out to you, as they did to the above-mentioned people; for the poor, instead of getting any part of the spoil of the rich, were robbed of their own little pittance.
Be not, then, imposed on by their professions – they come only to rob, plunder, and destroy. Listen not to their agitating abettors in this country, who endeavour by every means to corrupt your principles, but join heart and hand with all the virtuous and honest members of the community who are come forward with distinguished patriotism, as well as to resist the invading foe, as to counteract the insiduous machinations of the domestic enemies and unnatural children who are seeking to bring on their native country the train of untold evils that flow from anarchy and confusion. Obey the laws that protect you in your persons and properties. Reverence the magistrate entrusted with their execution, and display your readiness to give him every assistance in your power.
Act thus, my beloved brethren, from a principle of conscience, and you will thereby ensure the favour of your God and the approbation of all good men; whereas a contrary conduct will draw down inevitable ruin on you here, and eternal misery hereafter.
I shall conclude with this simple reflection: if the sway of our impious invaders were here established, you would not, my beloved people, enjoy the comfort of celebrating this AUSPICIOUS DAY with gladness and thanksgiving, nor of uniting with ALL Christians on earth, and with the celestial spirits in heaven, in singing, 'Glory to God on high, and on earth peace to men of goodwill.'
Cork, Christmas Day, December 25, 1796.
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Title (uniform): Doctor Francis Moylan, to his beloved flock, the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cork, Christmas Day, 1796
Author: Moylan, Francis
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Electronic edition compiled by: Beatrix Färber
Text donated, with a preface and bibliographical details by: Victoria Anne Pearson
Funded by: University College, Cork and The School of History
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1. First draft, revised and corrected.
Extent: 1580 words
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Publisher: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork
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Date: 2024
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We are indebted to Victoria Pearson from the University of Ulster for providing the text, bibliographic details and a preface. The text is slightly abbreviated.
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Secondary literature
- Bolster, E. 'Bishop Francis Moylan 1787-1815' in A History of the Diocese of Cork: From the Penal Era to the Famine (Cork 1989) pp. 157-228.
- Coghlan, D., 'Dr Moylan, bishop of Cork. His life and times', The Catholic Bulletin, Vol. I, December, 1911, pp. 621-656.
- Hutch, W. 'The Most Rev. Dr Moylan, Bishop of Cork. Nano Nagle: her life, her labours, and their fruits (Dublin 1875) pp. 493-499.
- Murphy, D., 'Chapter XVIII: Dr Moylan, Memoirs of Miss Nano Nagle and of the Ursuline and Presentation Orders in Ireland, (Cork 1845) pp. 99-103.
- Murphy, J.A. (ed.), The French are in the bay: The Expedition to Bantry Bay, 1796 (Cork 1997).
- Walsh, T. J. 'Francis Moylan, bishop of Cork, 1735-1815', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Ser. 2, Vol. 55, No. 182 (1950) pp. 98-110.
The edition used in the digital edition
Moylan, Francis (1796). Doctor Francis Moylan, to his beloved flock, the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cork, Christmas Day, 1796. 1st ed. Cork: Printed by James Haly, King’s-Arms, Exchange.
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@book{E790007, title = {Doctor Francis Moylan, to his beloved flock, the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cork, Christmas Day, 1796}, author = {Francis Moylan}, edition = {1}, pages = {}, publisher = {Printed by James Haly, King's-Arms, Exchange}, address = {Cork}, date = {1796} }
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Date: 1796
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- The text is in 18th-century English. (en)
Keywords: Francis Moylan; prose; sermon; 18c; French Revolution
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(Most recent first)
- 2024-12-06: File re-parsed and validated using Exchanger XML editor. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2024-12-06: Text converted to XML format. Header constructed. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
- 2024-11-05: Text, bibliographic details and preface supplied. (ed. Victoria Anne Pearson)