Now Clontuskert Abbey, near Lanesborough, in the county of Roscommon. In more recent times this was a part of Cinel Dobhtha, or O'Hanly's country. 🢀

Now Erinagh, near Clontuskert.—See Map. 🢀

Now St. John's, or Randown on the Shannon, barony of Athlone. 🢀

Rinn Cleathchair was the ancient name of a very remarkable point of land running into Lough Ree, in the parish of Kiltoom, barony of Athlone, and county Roscommon. It is now popularly called Yew Point. 🢀

Now Anglicised Athlone, a well known town on the Shannon. 🢀

Snamh da en, called in the Book of Armagh, vadum duorum avium, was the ancient name of that part of the Shannon lying between Clonmacnoise, in the King's county, and Clonburren, in the county of Roscommon.—See Buile Shuibhne, and MS. in Trinity College Library, H. 2. 16. p. 871. 🢀

Mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1547, as a ford on the Shannon, was the ancient name of a ford on that river at the place now called Shannon Harbour. 🢀

Lusmagh is so called at this day, and is the name of a parish in the barony of Garrycastle and King's county, which, though lying on the east side of the Shannon, is still a part of the diocese of Clonfert. It appears also from an inquisition taken at Galway, on the 11th of August, 1607, before Sir Anthony St. Leger, Knight, Master of the Rolls, that this parish was then considered a part of the county of Galway. 🢀

Generally called Loch Deirgdheirc, in the best Irish authorities; it is now called Lough Derg, and sometimes Lough Dergart, and is a large and beautiful lake formed by an expansion of the Shannon, between Portumna and Killaloe. 🢀

Grian is the name of a river which rises on the confines of the counties of Clare and Galway, and falls into Lough Greine, in the parish of Feakle, barony of Upper Tullagh, and county of Clare, whence it issues, and flowing in a S.E. direction, passes through Lough O'Grady, and through the village of Scarriff, and disembogues itself into an arm of Lough Derg, near the old church of Moynoe. 🢀

The name of an old castle and ancient earthern mound in the parish of Killogilleen, barony of Dunkellin, and the county of Galway. 🢀

i.e. the ford of the kings, now Athenry, an ancient walled town in the county of Galway, eleven miles east of the town of Galway. 🢀

Now Uman, a townland in the parish of Killererin, in the barony of Clare, and near the confines of the barony of Tiaquin. 🢀

A ford on a stream in the parish of Killererin, near Tuam. 🢀

This name is now forgotten. 🢀

Now Esker, an old church in the eastern portion of the parish of Tuam, which belongs to the barony of Ballymoe. 🢀

Now always called 'Beal Atha Mogha' in Irish, and Anglicised Ballymoe: it is the name of a small village on the river Suck, giving name to the barony of Ballimoe, in the N. E. of the county of Galway, adjoining the counties of Mayo and Roscommon. 🢀

Now Fairymount, in the parish of Kilgefin, barony of South Ballintober and county of Roscommon. See the Map prefixed to this tract. This is a very famous locality in ancient Irish history and romance. 🢀

i.e. ford of the kings, now Athenry. 🢀

i.e. the ford of Luan (a man's name, formerly common in Ireland) now Athlone. 🢀

The ford of the stones, now 'Beal Atha Liag', Ballyleague, or Lanesborough, a small village on the Shannon, not Athleague, on the river Suck, as might be supposed. 🢀

No vellum copy of this life is now in Dublin, but a very ancient copy of it is quoted by Duald Mac Firbis, in his Genealogical Book, in proof of the existence of the Firbolgs in the province of Connaught, after the period of the introduction of Christianity; and also by Gratianus Lucius in his Cambrensis Eversus, in proof of the fact which he thinks it establishes, namely, that the ancient Irish paid tithes. 🢀

St. Grellan afterwards erected a church here, which became a parish church. It is now called in Irish by the same name, and correctly anglicised Kilclooney. The ruins of the old church of this name stand on a remarkable eiscir, or low ridge, not far to the north west of the town of Ballinasloe, in the barony of Clonmacowen, in the east of the county of Galway.—See Map. 🢀

Now the town of Clogher in the county of Tyrone 🢀

Generally called Lough Ribh, now Loch Ree, a celebrated lake formed by an expansion of the Shannon, between Athlone and Lanesborough. This description of Hy-Many is not correct, for there is more of that territory to the west of the river Suca Suck, than between that river and Lough Ree. The MS. is here decidedly corrupt, for Druim Clasach, was never the name of the entire Hy-Many, it being applied to a remarkable ridge in that territory. The original text most probably stood as follows: “O Chlochar mac n-Daimhin go h-inad ris a n-abarthar Druim Clasach i d-Tír Maine, itir Loch Ri ocus Suca,” i.e. “from Clochar Mac Daimhin, to a place called Druim Clasach in Tir-Many, between Lough Ree and the Suck.”—See Keating's History of Ireland (reign of Heremon), where Druim Clasach in Hy-Many is called one of the three most remarkable hills in Ireland. [See CELT edition of Keating's History of Ireland, Book I, p. 105-107] 🢀

It is to be lamented that no Firbolgic writer survived to relate the true account of this transaction, for every acute investigator of history will be apt to suspect that the treachery was on the side of the conquerors, the Clann Colla. But who would have had the courage to write this in the fourteenth century? 🢀

According to the Registry of Clonmacnoise, as translated by Duald Mac Firbis for Sir James Ware (MS. Brit. Mus.), this chief granted the following townlands to the Abbey of St. Kieran: “Cairbre Crom, the son of Feriogach, mac Dallain, mac Bressal, mac Maine Mor, from whom the land of Tirmaine took its name, bestowed unto St. Kyran 17 townlands, and three dunta, which signifieth three houses, or else three hillocks or steep places of building, viz. Dunanoghta, 12 daies, Dun Beglaitt 12 daies, Dun Meadhain 12 daies, and three townes in Sraigh Kiaran within the Gruan from Belalobhar to Rath Cattin, and half a towneland in Gortacharn, and half a towneland in Tuaim Carrighe, a quarter in Crosconaill, and 24 daies in the Grainsy, and 24 daies in Koyllbelatha, i.e. a quarter in them both, a quarter in Kill Tormoir, a quarter in Killorain, a quarter in Killmonolog, the quarter of Kill Goirill, the quarter of Killuir Mor, and the quarter of Killuir Beg, a quarter in Killupain; the town and lands of Killithain, the town and lands of Killosaigelain; half a townland in Maoleach, half a towneland in Cluaincuill, a quarter in Killchuirin, and the parsonage of the same, and the quarter of Dundomnaill in Maghfinn, and a quarter in Tuaim Sruthra, a quarter in Disiort, the towne and lands of the Habart, a towneland in Tuaim Greiny, with the emoluments spirituall and temporall; a quarter in Killtuma, and the portion proportionable to five ungaes or ounces of silver in Carnagh, that is, a quarter and a half in Cluain Acha Leaga, viz. in Acha Obhair, and the Creagga, and in Killiarainn and townlands of Ruan.” 🢀

It appears from an inquisition taken at Galway, on the 20th of March, 1608, before Geffry Osbaldston, Esq. that 'Ulick Bourke, first Earl of Clanricarde, before his creation by Henry VIII. was seized in fee, by descent from his ancestors, of the territory of Clanricarde, consisting of six baronies, viz. Leitrim, Loughreogh, Dunkellyn, Kiltartan or Kiltaraght, Clare, and Athenry, some of the manors whereof he held in demesne, and all the rest of the said country that was possessed by the gentlemen and freeholders, were holden from him by knight's service.' 🢀

Now probably Lisnahoon, in the parish of Kilmaine and barony of Athlone. 🢀

On the situation and present state of this place, Denis H. Kelly, Esq. of Castle-Kelly, writes as follows, in a letter to the Editor, dated October 17th, 1841: “The Castle of Mullaghmore, once the seat of lavish hospitality, is now a mere mound of earth in the neighbourhood of Mount Bellew, and the lands are held by the present Sir Michael Bellew on lease. I know not that there is any representative of the family in existence; but the old houses have changed their places of abode, so that you would scarce recognize Athleague in Cargins, Gallagh in Tycooly, Screen in Castle Kelly, Clanmacnowen in Clooncannon, &c. &c.; and possibly some of the occupiers of now unimportant places may be the descendants of that hospitable house.” 🢀

Now Killian, or Killyan (in Irish Cill Itain, as written by Duald Mac Firbis), the seat of J. Cheevers, Esq., in the parish and barony of Killian, in the county of Galway. 🢀

Now Gallagh, or Castle Blakeney, a post town and parish, partly in the barony of Kilconnell, but mostly in that of Killian, in the county of Galway. 🢀

Now Creagh, a parish in the barony of Moycarn, in the south of the county of Roscommon, adjoining the town of Ballinasloe. 🢀

Now Menlough, or Minla, a village situate in the parish of Killascobe, barony of Tiaquin, and county of Galway, about three miles and a half south-west of Castle Blakeney. O'Mannin's castle here was lately destroyed by lightning, and is now a shattered ruin. For a curious Irish deed relating to this family see Note C, at the end of this tract. This is not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

So called at this day, and is the seat of J. D'Arcy, Esq.; it is situated in a parish of the same name, which parish lies partly in the barony of Kilconnell, but chiefly in that of Athenry, in the county of Galway. 🢀

In the parish of Drum, in the barony of Athlone and county of Roscommon. 🢀

So called at this day, and is the name of a townland, and of the seat of Captain E. W. Kelly, in the parish of Kilmaine, barony of Athlone, and county of Roscommon. 🢀

A townland in the parish of Dysart in the barony of Athlone. The ruins of O'Fallon's Castle are still to be seen in this townland. 🢀

Now called Mac Gerraghty and Geraghty. This family, though at the period to which this document relates they were settled in Hy-Many, were a branch of the Siol-Muireadhaigh or O'Conors of Connaught. 🢀

These baronies are known by the same names at this day, but spelled somewhat differently, thus: 1. Athlone; 2. Kilconnell; 3. Tiaquin; 4. Killian; 5. Moycarn or Moycarnan. The baronies of Athlone and Moycarnan are in the county of Roscommon, and the other three in the county of Galway. 🢀

In a genealogy of the Hy-Many, preserved in a MS in Trinity College, Dublin, H. 2. 17. p. 49, he is called Cremtand Coel. 🢀

In the MS H. 2. 17. p. 49, the reading is 'ba soer in cethrar'. 🢀

In the H. 2. 17. p. 49, this name is more correctly written 'Feradach' in the nominative form, and 'Feradaigh' in the genitive. It is very common as the name of a man in Hy-Many, particularly among the family of O'Naghten, in the last centry, but it is now nearly obsolete. 🢀

Fechene, in H. 2. 7. p. 49 🢀

Lochine, in H. 2. 7. 🢀

or Murchadan, as more correctly written in H. 2. 7. p. 49, was chief of Hy-Many, and died, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, in the year 936. He succeeded his brother Mughron, who died in the year 904. They were the fifteenth in descent from Maine Mor, the common ancestor of the Hy-Many. 🢀

Sochlachan was chief of Hy-Many, and, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, died a priest (in clericatu) in the year 908, having, many years before, resigned the government to his son Mughron. 🢀

This family are to be distinguished from the O'Dubhagains, for the latter descended from Sodan, the son of Fiacha Araidh, king of Ulster, about the year 240. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 66, p. 327. The name O'Duibhginn is anglicised 'Deegin' in Leinster but the Editor is not aware that the name exists in Hy-Many at present: the O'Dubhagains, or O'Doogans are numerous there, but they are not of the Hy-Many race. 🢀

more correctly h-I Uain in H. 2. 7. as it appears on p. 27, that O'Finain is not of the Clann Cernaigh. Neither name is now extant in Hy-Many. 🢀

written h-Ui Luighin, in H. 2. 7. The name is now anglicised Lyne and Lyons. This family had considerable possessions in the territory of Hy-Many, in the reign of James I., for it appears from an inquisition taken at Kilconnell, on the 22nd of August, 1617, that Donogh O'Lyne and Edmond O'Lyne of Ballinvoggane, in the barony of Kilconnell, and John Graney O'Lyne, of Lisnagrey, and Turlough O'Lyne, of Lehergen, were seized of Lecarrowintlevy and Lissenuskey, in the barony of Kilconnell. And another inquisition, taken at the Abbey of St. Francis, on the 29th of January, in the 16th of James I., finds that Redmond O'Lyne died on the 6th of July, 1615, seised of fee of portions of the townlands of Ballinvogan, Ballykie, and Creganigragh, all of which were held of the king in capite by knight's service. O'Flaherty, in Ogygia, Part III. c. II, says that in his own time the family of O'Layn, in Hy-Many the proprietors of a handsome estate, looked upon themselves to be of Firbolgic descent, and if he be correct in this statement, the term for-shloinnte, in the text must be understood in the sense of plebeian surnames. 🢀

This surname is now correctly anglicised O'Laughnan, and the Editor knows a family who have changed it to O'Loughlin. 🢀

Correctly anglicised Conwy, but sometimes changed to Conway to make it look English. 🢀

written in H. 2. 7. O'Fallscaidi. The Editor is not aware that the name is now extant in either form in Hy-Many or in any part of Ireland. It might be anglicised Ulskey or Falskey. 🢀

Now anglicised O'Kennedy; but this family must not be confounded with the O'Kennedys of Ormond, who were of the same stock with the O'Briens. 🢀

Now anglicised Dorcey or D'Arcy, but this family must be distinguished from the O'Dorseys, the ancient chiefs of Partry, near Lough Mask, in the county of Mayo, from whom the Darceys of Galway and Clifden have sprung, according to Duald Mac Firbis. 🢀

Now anglicised Sheehan. 🢀

Now Foran; but the name is not very numerous in Hy-Many, though it is elsewhere. 🢀

Now anglicised Cullen and Collins. This name must be distinguished from the O'Cuilens or Collins's, of the counties of Cork and Limerick, who are of a totally different stock. 🢀

This name is now unknown in Hy-Many. It was pronounced by the Irish O'Cravane. 🢀

These were the Mac Egans, who afterwards became Brehons to different chieftains in different parts of Ireland. For some account of them and their pedigree, the reader is referred to Note E, at the end of this tract. This is not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

He was prince or chief of all Hy-Many, and died, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, in the year 794. His son Cathal succeeded him, and died in 834. 🢀

Prince of Hy-Many, and died in the year 738. He was succeeded by his son Flaithnia, who died in the year 750. 🢀

i. e. the chess-player, was chief of Hy-Many, and was slain A. D. 622. This line, from which the Mac Egans have sprung, was once very powerful, which led Connell Mac Geoghegan to remark, in a note to the Annals of Clonmacnoise, that the Mac Egans were the senior family of Hy-Many. 🢀

He was chief of all the principality of Hy-Many, and died in the year 750, according to the Annals of the Four Masters.—see Note 62, supra. 🢀

Now anglicised Donnellan, without the prefix O'. For some account of the present locality, &c, of this family see Note F, at the end of this tract. The notes are not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

This is the Dluthach mentioned in Note 62, supra, as chief of Hy-Many, as a having died in the year 738. 🢀

He was the ancestor of the O'Naghtens, for some account of whom see Note G, at the end of this tract. The notes are not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

The O'Maeilalaidhs, now anglicised 'Mullally' and 'Lally'. For some account of this family see Note H, at the end of this tract. The notes are not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

This seems to be the name now anglicised Lomond, but the Editor is not aware that it is at present extant in Hy-Many, where a family or tribe of the name were no doubt formerly powerful, for we learn from the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 949, that O'Lomain, of Gaela, defeated the inhabitants of Ormond in that year. There was another branch of the family settled at Finnabhair, now Finnure, in the barony of Leitrim, and the county of Galway.—See Map. 🢀

The Cinel Fathaidh, i.e. the race of Fathadh. Cormac, the last of this tribe mentioned in the pedigree, was the thirteenth in descent from Maine Mor (the common ancestor of the Hy-Many race), and must have been, therefore, contemporary with Oilioll Mac Inrachtach, who died chief of Hy-Many in the year 794, and who was the same number of generations from the same Maine. It must not be supposed that hereditary surnames were in use at this time, nor is it even certain, though it may be possible, that the tribe here called Cinel-Fathaidh, were the people whose descendants, after the tenth-century, took the hereditary surname of O'Fathaidh. The family of O'Fahy, whether they be of this tribe or not, are still very numerous in the southern part of Hy-Many; the name now is generally anglicised Fahy, without the O'; but in one instance the O'Fahy is retained, and the remainder shortened to Fay. This, however, is not to be recommended, nor is the vile practice of translating the name to Green, from its resemblance to the Irish word Faithche, a green or field, to be applauded. It appears from the inquisitions taken in the reign of James I., that several branches of the family had then some fee simple property in the barony of Loughrea. An inquisition taken at Loughrea, on the 16th of September, in the year 1617, before Sir Charles Coote, finds that Teige Antlevy, [i.e. of the mountain] O'Fahy is seised of fee of portions of Lishadoile, Kealuragh, and Cappaghard; that Teige O'Fahy and Edmond O'Fahy, his son, are seised of fee of a portion of the quarter of Knockanteige and Cappaghard; and that Edmond Uny O'Fahy, Edmond Oge mac Edmond O'Fahy, Richard Mac Edmond O'Fahy, and Teige Mac Edmond Oge O'Fahy, were seised of fee of portions of Kealuragh, Lishadoile, and Cappaghard; and that John Mac Uny O'Fahy was seised of fee of portions of the townlands of Lishadoile, Cahercranilly, Garryblaken, and Ballinrowan, all in the barony of Loughrea. There is a tradition in the barony of Loughrea, that the Earl of Clanrickard found it very difficult to get the O'Fahys to pay him tribute, their chief always telling the Earl that the lands he possessed were his own, and that the Earl had no claim on them. 🢀

Finnabhair is now called Finnure, and is a townland containing the ruins of an old church, situated in the parish of Abbeygormigan, close to the bounday between the baronies of Loughrea and Longford, in the county of Galway.—See Ordnance Map of the county of Galway, sheet 98. The last of this tribe mentioned above in the text was the fifteenth in descent from Maine Mor, the common ancestor of the Hy-Many, and was therefore contemporary with the celebrated Cathal Mac Ailella, chief of Hy-Many, who died in 844, who was the fifteenth from the same Maine; and we must therefore suppose that O'Lomain was then a tribe name, and not a hereditary surname. 🢀

Maenmagh.—Sometimes anglicised 'Moinmoy', and sometimes corruptly 'Menevy'. For the situation and extent of this old territory see index and notes. 🢀

i.e. race of Aedh or Hugh. There must be some mistake in the text here, as no Aedh is mentioned in the genealogy given, from who the tribe could have been named. 🢀

i.e. the seed or race of Anmchadh, now anglicised 'Ambrose', and formerly latinized 'Animosus'. This was the tribe name of the O'Maddens and their correlatives, who were seated in the barony of Longford and its vicinity, in the south-east of the county of Galway. 🢀

Would be anglicised O'Drinan, but the Editor could not find the name in Hy-Many, north or south. 🢀

Now Curran; but this family is to be distinguished from the Currans of Munster, and from those of Lower Connaught, who are not of this race. 🢀

This name is not now to be found. The Mac Flannchadhas or Mac Clancys, of whom there were two other families of different races in Ireland, are of different stock, and locality. 🢀

O'Kenny, now anglicised Kenny without the O'. The name is still very numerous in South Hy-Many. 🢀

The Editor could not find this name in Hy-Many. It may, however, lurk under some fanciful anglicised form. It is to be distinguished from Mac Gladdry, a name which still exists in the county of Donegal. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Coffey. This name is still extant in Hy-Many; and it appears from an inquisition taken at Kilconnell, on the 24th of August, 1617, “that Donell O'Coffey was then seised of fee of Tomcatry, containing four cartrons in the barony of Clanmacnowen.” This is the place called Tuaim Cáthraigh in ancient Irish MSS. 🢀

O'Donnellys, now written Donnelly without the O'. This family is to be distinguished from the O'Donnellys from the province of Ulster, who are of a different race. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Connagain, now anglicised Connigan, and sometimes incorrectly Cunningham. 🢀

The Editor did not find this name in Hy-Many. 🢀

unknown to the Editor; but it is highly probable that this name could still be found in the territory, disguised under some anglicised form. 🢀

now obsolete. 🢀

This was formerly the name of several powerful families of different races in Ireland, but, strange to say, it does not exist at present in any shape or form. 🢀

Now not in Hy-Many. 🢀

Now generally made Brennan. This name is also to be found in Kerry, where it is corruptly pronounced 'Brénaill', as is indeed the name of the great patron saint of Kerry, after whom the ancestor of this family was called, and a well-known member of the family has there most shamefully anglicised it to Brabacy, by a strange process of assimilation. This name is to be distinguished from O'Braonain, which is that of a family of far greater celebrity, formerly chiefs of Hy-Duach, in the north of the present county of Kilkenny. 🢀

Now probably Keighry. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Rodaighi, now Roddy; but this family is to be distinguished from the Roddys of Fenagh, in the county of Leitrim, who were of a different race, as their pedigree shows. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Conghalaigh, now anglicised Conolly. This name is to be distinguished from O'Conghaile, which is correctly anglicised Connelly and Conneely. 🢀

The Editor did not find this name in Hy-Many. It is probable that the 'g' was intended to be aspirated. 🢀

This name is now always anglicised Cuolahan, though in the old records relating to the property of this family, in the reign of James I., it is more correctly made McCouleghan. In O'Dugan's topographical poem, this family is called O h-Uallacháin, and styled chiefs of Sil Anmchadha; but it appears from other authorities that the 'Mac' is the more usual prefix. The present head of this family is Henry Cuolahan, Esq., of Cogran House, in the parish of Lusmagh, on the east side of the Shannon, in the King's County, which parish originally formed a part of the territory of Sil-Anmchadha, of which this family were chieftains before the O'Maddens. 🢀

Now Dooley, the O' being never prefixed; but this family is to be distinguished from the O'Dooleys of Westmeath, and Ely O'Carroll, who are of a totally different race. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Lorcain, now anglicised Larkin. This family is still in Hy-Many, and some members of it are so respectable that it is to be regretted they do not restore the O'. They are to be distinguished from the O'Lorcans of Forth, in Leinster. 🢀

Now obsolete, or assimilated with, or merged into Kelly. 🢀

Now Finnaghty, and sometimes Fennerty; but this family is to be distinguished from the O'Finachtaighs, the ancient chiefs of the Clann Conmaigh, who were the senior branch of the Sil Muireadhaigh, of whom the O'Conors of the county of Roscommon were the chiefs in latter ages. 🢀

Now anglicised Coskry, and sometimes incorrectly Cosgrave and Cosgrove. 🢀

Now anglicised Mooney 🢀

Now Connaughtan, but the name is very scarce. 🢀

Now Cannan, and incorrectly Canning. 🢀

This would be anglicised Mulduff; but the Editor did not find the name in Hy-Many. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Madden. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Kenny, now Kenny, without the O'. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Tracy, now always written Tracy, without the O'. 🢀

Now obsolete. 🢀

Now obsolete. 🢀

Now Curran. 🢀

Now anglicised Hughes. 🢀

Obsolete. 🢀

Now Cogan, which is certainly an Irish name. The descendants of Miles de Cogan, who came to Ireland in the reign of Henry II., have all taken the name of Goggan. 🢀

i.e. the family of O'Ruairc, but they are to be distinguished from the O'Ruaircs of Breifny, who are of a different race. 🢀

Now obsolete. 🢀

Now unknown. 🢀

Now Dowling, but this family are to be distinguished from the Dowlings of Leinster. 🢀

Now unknown in Hy-Many. 🢀

Now unknown in Hy-Many. 🢀

i. e. the family of O'h-Arrachtain, now very incorrectly anglicised Harrington. 🢀

i. e. the family of O'Duibhghilla, but the name is now obsolete in Hy-Many. 🢀

i. e. the family of O'Conrui, now made Conroy; but this family must be distinguished from the Mac Conrys of West Connaught, and from the O'Mulconrys of Cloonahee and Strokestown, who shorten their name to Conry. 🢀

i.e. Tadhg O'Kelly, chief of Hy-Many, who fought at the Battle of Clontarf, A.D. 1014. The Battle of Clontarf was called the 'Battle of Brian', because Brian Boru, monarch of Ireland was chief commander of the Irish. 🢀

This pedigree of Domhnall More O'Kelly is incorrectly given above by an error of the transcriber, as appears from the pedigree of his descendant Tadhg O'Kelly, to be given farther on, an from that given in the MS. H. 2. 7, Trin. Coll. Dub., and by Duald Mac Firbis in his genealogical work. 🢀

This Thomas was Bishop of Clonfert, and died A. D. 1263.—See Ware, and De Burgo, Hibernia Dominicana, p. 226. 🢀

Perhaps the same who was Bishop of Clonfert in 1347, and is supposed by Ware (Bishops, Harris's edition, p. 640) to have died in 1377. 🢀

i.e. Mac Quillin, chief of the Route, in the county of Antrim. 🢀

Maurice, or Muirchertach, O'Kelly, was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert in 1378, translated to Tuam, by provision of Pope Boniface IX., in 1394, and died September 29, 1407.—See Ware, Bishops, pp. 640 and 611. 🢀

This name, which is an abbreviation of Maelseachlainn, i.e. servant of St. Seachlann, or Secundinus, is now generally anglicised 'Malachy'. 🢀

This name is now anglicised 'Conor', and sometimes latinised 'Cornelius'. 🢀

written, according to the modern orthography, Aodh, is now always anglicised 'Hugh'. 🢀

This name is generally anglicised 'Mahon' in old English documents, but it is now commonly rendered Matthew, as the Christian name of a man. 🢀

i.e. the abbey of Clontuskert, near Ballinasloe. 🢀

Generally anglicised 'Donogh' and 'Donat' in the old English documents, but now invariably 'Denis' in every part of Ireland. 🢀

In the pedigree of O'Madden, preserved in a MS. in the Library of Trinity College (H. 2. 7.), this line is given differently, thus: Eoghan, son of Murchadh, son of Cathal, son of Madadhan Mor, son of Diarmaid, son of Madadhan Ramhar, son of Diarmaid, son of Madadhan, son of Gadhra, son of Dunadhach, son of Diarmaid, son of Aedh, son of Ailioll, son of Dunadhach, son of Gadhra, son of Loingsech, son of Dunadhach, son of Cobhthach, son of Maelduin, son of Donnghalach, son of Anmchadh, son of Eoghan Buac, &c., ut supra 🢀

Gadhra is now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but it is anglicised 'Gara' in the family O'Gadhra, now O'Gara. 🢀

Dunadhach, now obsolete as the Christian name of a man. 🢀

Cobhthach, is now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but preserved in the family name O'Cobhthaigh, now anglicised 'Coffey', without the prefix O'. 🢀

Maelduin is now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but preserved in the family name O'Maelduin, which is now anglicised 'Muldoon', without the prefix O'. 🢀

Donngal, now obsolete. 🢀

Anmchadh, is still preserved in the Christian name of a man in the family of O'Madden, but now always anglicised 'Ambrose'. It is latinised 'Animosus' by Colgan. 🢀

Eoghan, is latinised 'Eugenius', and anglicised 'Owen'. 🢀

Cormac, still preserved as the Christian name of a man, but incorrectly anglicised 'Charles'. 🢀

Generally written Cairbre, is still preserved as the Christian name of a man among a few families, and anglicised 'Carbry'. 🢀

Feradhach, now nearly obsolete as the Christian name of a man, though fifty years since it was common among the family of O'Naghten, in the Barony of Athlone, and County of Roscommon, and anglicised 'Farragh', and sometimes, but incorrectly, 'Ferdinand'. 🢀

Literally this means people of payment. The Irish prefix lucht and aos or aes to the genitive case of many nouns to form terms equivalent to personals in other languages, as aes ciúil, people of music, i.e. musicians; aes dána, i.e. people of poetry; lucht eolais, people of knowledge, i.e. literati; lucht póite, i.e. people of drinking, i.e. drunkards.—See the Institutio Principis, or Inauguration Ode of Donogh O'Brien, fourth Earl of Thomond, v. 150 (Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, p. 28), where O'Flanagan, the translator, renders go tais le h-aes eladhna, mitis cum aetate scientiae, and adds the following note:— Hoc est cum homnibus Scientiae, vel Philosopho-poetis. Eodem modo a Graecis 'filii medicorum' appellantur medici. 🢀

i.e. the race of Ceallach, i.e. the O'Kellys. 🢀

They descend from Maelanfaidh, the son of Eoghan Finn, the ancestor of O'Kelly. 🢀

Now always anglicised Keaveny. This family descends from Geibhennach, son of Aedh, chief of all Hy-Many, who, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, was slain in the battle of Ceis Corainn, in the year 971. In the year 1018 O'Geibhennaigh is mentioned in the same Annals as Tanist of Hy-Many. The Editor found several of this name in Hy-Many, but all reduced to poverty. 🢀

Mac Cathails, now Cahills, but this family must be distinguished from the O'Cathails, which is also anglicised Cahills. 🢀

Now anglicised Magloin, and sometimes shortened to Glynn. This family is to be distinguished from O'Floinn. 🢀

i.e. the descendant of Murchadhan, who was prince of Hy-Many, and died in the year 936. The Editor could not find this name in Hy-Many, and suspects that it was anglicised to Murphy. 🢀

i.e. the family of Mac Egan. See notes 60 and 63, and additional notes at the end of this tract. These are not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

The Rev. Patrick Mac Loughlin, in his Abstract to the Book of Lecan, already referred to, renders this sentence more freely thus: 'and the Mac Aedhagans too, until they became Ollamans of the Lord'. 'No cur dhruideadar re h-Ollamhnacht an áirdrigh, literally translated would be 'until they approached the ollavship or office of chief professor to the arch-king;' but by arch-king here is not meant the monarch of all Ireland, as in most other documents, but the supreme prince or chief of the territory of Hy-Many. The word righ, in this and many other ancient ancient Irish tracts, is often applied to a petty chief of one barony, and therefore, aird-righ is applied to the head chief. On this application of the word righ, O'Flaherty writes the following learned remarks in his Ogygia, p. 31:—“Sua omnibus linguis, et nationibus aliqua peculiaris insita est proprietas, cujus absurda foret in aliis imitatio. Quare in eorum sententiam ultro eamus, qui falso contendunt Regum Latine supremum tantum, et nulli subjectum dominum denotare; ac proinde nobis inepte illud Martialis Hemistichium exprobrant,
‘Qui Rex est, Regem, Maxime, non habeat,’ (Martial, Epigrammaton Liber II, 18) Quid vero hoc interest? Scoti sumus non Galli; Scotice loquimur, non Latine; atque hoc idiomate trito adagio dicimus; ut Hemistichio aliud opponam: Degener in tiguri Rex lare quisque sui.” And again (ibid. p. 32), 'Veteres Regis nomen tribuebant ei, qui uno oppidulo praesset: sic Ithacae Rex Ulysses, cujus ditionem adeo exiguam nidum aestimat saxo Cicero affixum. Sic Nestor Pyli Rex. Josue 30 regibus in Palestina gulam fregit. Strabo testatur singulas Phoenissarum urbes regem habuisse; et Plinius strategiis, et praefecturis omnibus olim reges praefuisse: unde usitato more Divinae Scripturae cujusque oppidi Dominus Rex appellatur. Atque ut propius ad vicinos accedam, in Cantii partibus (qui nunc in Anglia Comitatus) quatuor reges Caesaris aetate regnarunt. Denique nullum modo in Europa, praeter ipsam Hiberniam, regnum quod non pluribus regibus sibi invicem minime subjectis antiquitus paruerit: quos tamen nostrae memoriae Scriptores, cum in eorum mentionem incidunt, Reges dicere non haesitant. 🢀

'The third part of the province', i.e. the principality of Hy-Many comprised the third part of the province of Connaught. Shane O'Dugan states the same in his topograpical poem, as follows: “Moir-thrian Connacht an clár sin / Ui Maine na mordhal sin / O Sionaind sreabha sidhe / Go Meadha, ni min-righe.” The great third of Connaught is that plain / Of Hy-Many of great assemblies, / extending from the Shannon of fairy flood / To Meadha hill; it is no small kingdom. 🢀

'Third part of every treasure found': This custom is also noticed in a pedigree of O'Kelly, in the possession of Denis H. O'Kelly, of Castlekelly, Esq., in the following words, under Maine Mor: 'Maine Mor: From the territory possessed by him and his issue took the name Maineach or Iath Maine, i.e. the lands of Maine; and his posterity down to Teige Tailten (in whose time the English Invasion happened) were styled Kings of Ith Maine, in the province of Connaught, and had many privileges and immunities from the Kings of Connaught, viz., they were hereditary marshalls or generals of the Connaught armies, and were to possess the third part of all prizes and wrecks of the sea, and of all hidden treasures found under ground, and of all silver and gold mines and other metals, together with a third of all Eric or reprisal gained or recovered by the King of Connaught from other provinces for wrongs received, with many other similar privileges which were enumerated in Ancient Chronicles.' 🢀

The third part of the eric: i.e. the prince of Hy-Many was entitled to the third of all the fines for killing men throughout the province of Connaught. The Eric for killing a man was often very great, and seems to have been a source of great revenue to the chief or king. Donnell O'Gallagher states in his will, made in the year 1626, that the Eric for killing a man in Inishowen was 168 cows! 🢀

This description of treasure is called Turcairthi Mara in the Brehon Laws. It appears to have consisted of wines, and other articles of commerce washed ashore after shipwrecks, and perhaps also whales and other fishes, which by the Saxons were considered royal fishes, and to belong to the king and queen only. “De Sturgione observetur, quod rex illum habebit integrum: de balena vero sufficit, si rex habeat caput, et regina caudam.” —Bracton. l. 3, c. 3. It appears from Cormac's Glossary, in voce Epscop fína, that there was a distinct tract of the Brehon Laws called Mur-Bretha, i.e. Sea-Laws, to regulate matters of this nature, but this tract is not now to be found among the MSS. preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. 🢀

The place called Caradh formed the northern or north-eastern boundary of Hy-Many, and Grian its southern, and Luimnech was an old name for the River Shannon. Thus in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1536, the whole extent of Hy-Many is defined by stating that it lay between Caradh and Grian.—A.D. 1536, Donnell, the son of Donogh O'Kelly, a select captain and Tanist of Hy-Many from Caradh to Grian, was slain. 🢀

The Rev. Patrick McLoughlin, in an abstract of the Book of Leacan (MS. Royal Irish Academy), translates this page very incorrectly thus:—'All the preceding septs were to have their harvest and spring provisions for their own use, and could not be compelled to part with them.' But the true meaning, as will be obvious to the intelligent Irish scholar, is that these tribes were not compelled to go on any warlike expedition for the king of Connaught, either in Spring or Autumn, unless they wished to do so themselves; evidently because they were, at the former season, engaged in sowing their crops, and, at the latter, in saving them. 🢀

This was a remarkable privilege, and it is difficult now to conjecture how the people of Hy-Many originally obtained it. 🢀

That is, if the king of Connaught should continue longer than six weeks on an expedition against his enemies in Ulster or Leinster, the forces which he raised in the territory of Hy-Many were at liberty to return home. 🢀

Gidh mór lite do liter—The word lite, which is entirely obsolete in the modern Irish, is of constant occurence in the Brehon Laws and other ancient Irish tracts, in the sense of 'accusation' or 'charge'. The following use of this word, from Cormac's Glossary, under the word Nescóit, will put its meaning beyond dispute: Lite bine for mnai Gaibhnen, 'the wife of Gaibhen was charged with crime.' 🢀

The privileges granted to the men of Oirghiall (from whom the Hy-Many are a colony) by the monarchs of Ireland, will be found detailed in Leabhar na g-Ceart, or Book of Rights, of which there are copies preserved in the Books of Lecan and Ballymote, and in MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. 🢀

Translated 'seven chiefs' by the Rev. Patrick Mac Loughlin, in his abstract of the Book of Lecan, already referred to. The word oirrigh is always used in the best Irish MSS., to denote a sub-chief, or one tributary to, or under the control of another. The exact distinction between it and flaith is not obvious. 🢀

The locality of this family is thus clearly pointed out by O'Dugan: “Cuid Ui Chonaill do'n chrich sin, / Do'n tir aluinn ainmhin sin, / O Ghréin co ceand mor muighe, / Sloigh ag reir an riogh-ruire.” “Connells's portion of that country, / Of that splendid rugged land, / Extends from Grian to the head of the great plain, / Whose host obey the royal prince.” Grian was the name of a river rising in the frontiers of Thomond; and by “head of the great plain” is here meant the head of Moenmagh, which comprised Loughreagh and the adjacent plains. The Editor is not aware that there are any O'Connells of this race at present extant in that district. The O'Connells of the county of Kerry, the chief of whom was transplanted to Clare in Cromwell's time, are of a totally different race. 🢀

Now Anglicised 'Mac Nevin', and among the peasantry shortened to 'Neavin' and 'Nevin'. The family were originally settled at Crannog Meg Cnaimhin, now Crannagh-Mac Nevin, in the south-east extremity of the parish of Tynagh, barony of Leitrim, and county of Galway, and the name is still numerous in that and the adjoining barony of Loughrea. the first notice of this family to be found in Irish history occurs in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1159, where it is recorded that Athius, the son of Mac Cnaimhin (Mac Nevin), was slain at Ardee, in the now county of Louth, in a battle fought between Muirchertach Mac Lughlin, senior of the Northern Hy-Niall, the legitimate heir to the throne of Ireland, and Roderic O'Conor, king of Connaught. The head of the name in the reign of Queen Elizabeth was Hugh Mac Knavin: he was hanged on the 4th of June 1602, as appears from an inquisition taken at Galway, on the 10th of October, 1605:— 'Quod Hugo Mac Knavin, alias dictus Mac Kellie, intravit in actionem Rebellionis et captus et suspensus fuit, 4 Junii, 1602; et fuit seisitus in Ballilie, Cranach Mac Knavin,' &c. In a grant to the Earl of Clanrickarde, dated 19th July, 1610, mention is made, among various other lands granted to him, of part of the lands of Cranach Mac Knavin, parcel of the estate of Hugh Mac Knavin, otherwise O'Kelly [an error for Mac Kelly], of Cranagh Mac Knavin, executed in rebellion. Also an inquisition taken at Loughrea, on the 16th of September, 1617, before Sir Charles Coote, finds that Melaughlin Mac Gilliduff Mac Knavin, was seised of fee of Ballyglass; Art Mac Knavin of Kellin [now Killeen], and Bealanamore; Dermot Mac Knavin of Lisduff; Dermot Mac Donell Oge Mac Knavin of Loghanrowe, parcel of Ballyglass, in the parish of Tynagh and the barony of Leitrim; that Hugh and Donell Beg Mac Knavin, and Donogh Mac Knavin were seised of fee of Tumkeyne; Edmond Mac Shane Mac Knavin, of Ballyelly; and John Mac Donell Mac Knavin, and Connor Mac Knavin, of Mong. The last supposed head of this family was the celebrated Dr. Mac Nevin, who was expatriated for being implicated in the rebellion of 1798. He was possessed in fee of the lands of Ballynahown, near Aughrim, in the county of Galway, which he sold. The most affluent gentleman of this tribe now in Ireland is Daniel Mac Nevin, Esq., of Ashfield, in the parish of Beagh, barony of Kiltartan, and county of Galway. He has property in various parts of the same county, but possesses no portion of the lands which belonged to his ancestors. His property in the parish of Beagh originally belonged to O'Shaughnessy, and more recently to the Blake Fosters, from whom it passed by intermarriage to Mr. Mac Nevin. 🢀

This name is now obsolete, as far as the Editor has been able to ascertain. The nearest anglicised form of it would be Doorley. 🢀

Sil Anmchadha.—In latter ages the territory of this tribe was co-extensive with the barony of Longford, in the county of Galway, and the parish of Lusmagh, in the King's County, on the east side of the Shannon, which parish formerly formed a portion of the county of Galway, as we learn by an inquisition, preserved in the Rolls Office, Dublin, taken at Galway, on the 11th of August, 1607, in which the boundaries of the county of Galway, on this side, are thus described:— 'The boundes or meares of the countie of Galwiae begynieth beyond the River of Sheanon eastwarde at the marishe of Meanagh Keogh, which divideth the great woods of Killie Corri, whereof the woods westward of the said marishe are included within the bounds of the county of Galwaie, and the woods eastward of the marishes are of the King's County, and so bounding forward to the River of Brosnagh and retaynning the course of the streame as that runneth, that falleth into the River of Sheanon, and including the island of Inchenegal and Inishtymone that extendeth forwarde by east to the island of Inishfadda, as the course of the streame runneth from thence including the island of Portklyely it goeth directly to Dirremacegane, and including the island of Illanmore and Inishcaldry that runneth through Loughdirgirt, and so to the river Boye and holding that river against the stream to Loghetory' [now Loughatorig, i. e. Lake of the boundary]. This inquisition, after describing the meres of the county of Galway all round, thus concludes at the point whence it set out with the description:—and so reteyning the stream that goeth under the middle arch of the middle bridge of Balinesloy, and from thence with the course of the streame that falleth into the Sheanon and going out of the same into the River of Brossnagh;—(there are two Brossnaghs; this which meareth Sir John Coghlan's country on that side from the Barony Longford, and the other Brossnagh, which falleth between Ormond and the south side of the saide barony of Longford into the Sheanon)—and so from the Brossnagh of Mac Coghlan's country to Bungowla, and so to Meanaghbeg, where we began.' It is curious that O'Dugan, in his topographical poem, makes no mention of the family of O'Madden, but makes the O'Huallachains, now Mac Cuolaghans, or Cuolahans, the sole chiefs of Siol Anmchadha, while the Book of Lecan (ubi supra, pp. 40, 41) makes the latter only the old chiefs of that territory. It is curious that the MacCuolahans, since they lost their rank of chiefs of the Sil Anmchadha, have been seated on the east side of the Shannon, and have retained no portion of the original territory lying west of that river. 🢀

Now always anglicised Madden in the province of Connaught, and Maddagan in Munster. Ambrose Madden, Esq. of Streamstown, in the west of the county of Galway, is the senior representative of this family. Sir Frederic Madden, of the British Museum, descends from a branch of this family who removed to Dublin at an early period. 🢀

Moenmagh.—O'Flaherty states (Ogygia, Part III. c. 17) that this territory, in which Loughrea is situated, is co-extensive with Clanrickard, in the county of Galway; but this cannot be true, as Clanrickard comprised the six southern baronies of the county of Galway, and Moenmagh never embraced any portion of the barony of Kiltartan, Longford, or Dunkellin. Moenmagh is the rich plain lying around Loughrea, and comprising Moyode, Finnure, and other places mentioned in old Irish documents. It was bounded on the east by the territory of Siol Anmchadha (now the barony of Longford), on the south by the celebrated mountain of Sliabh Echtghe (now Slieve Aughtee), and on the west by the diocese of Kilmacduagh; its northern boundary is uncertain; but we know that it extended so far north as to comprise the townland of Moyode, as that place is distinctly mentioned as included in the plain of Moenmagh. 🢀

Muintir Neachtain.—The family name is O'Neachtain, and is now anglicised Naghten, and sometimes corrupted Norton. The family were afterwards probably in the time of Conor Moenmoy O'Conor, removed from Moenmagh to the Feadha, or Fews, of Athlone, in the barony of Athlone, in the county of Roscommon, where Shane O'Naghten was chief of the sept in the reign of Elizabeth, and where E. H. Naghten, Esq., of Thomastown Park, the present head of the O'Naghtens, enjoys a very considerable remnant of the territory of his ancestors. 🢀

The O'Maeilallaidhs.—This family was afterwards removed from Moenmagh to the parish of Tuam, where they resided in the castle of Tolendal, four miles to the north of the town of Tuam. The head of this family removed to France after the defeat of the Irish, at Aughrim, and was the ancestor of the celebrated statesman and orator Count Lally Tolendal, who was created Marquis by Napoleon. The French and Tuam branches of this family are now extinct, but there are many of the name still in the original territory of Moenmoy in narrow circumstances, who retain the original form of the name, except that in writing it in English they reject the O', which has become a general practice among the Irish peasantry. O'Dugan also, in his topographical poem, mentions the O'Neachtains and O'Mullallys as the chiefs of Moenmagh. His words are: Ríogha Maonmhuíghe na mal, / D'ar ab duthaidh an donn-chlár,— / Dias do thechtaid an taobh sin,— / O'Neachtain, O'Maoilalaidh; / A n-gleo co trom is na tachraibh,/ As leo an fonn co Fiachrachaibh. 'The kings of Maonmagh of chiefs, / To whom the rich plain is hereditary,— / Two who have strengthened that side,— / O'Naghten and O'Mullally; / Their fight is heavy in the battles; / They possess the land as far as Hy-Fiachrach.' This extract is curious, as proving that Maonmagh was bounded on one side by the country of the Hy-Fiachrach-Aidhne, which was co-extensive with the diocese of Kilmacduagh, as could be demonstrated from the most authentic and clearest evidences. 🢀

The Hy-Fiachrach-Finn.—These were the branch of the Hy-Many seated in the territory of Moenmoy, mentioned in note 159. Their chiefs were the O'Naghtens and O'Mullallys, or Lallys. They deduce their tribe name from their ancestor Fiachra Finn, the son of Breasal, who was the son of Maine Mor, the common ancestor of all the Hy-Many, as we learn from their pedigree in the Book of Lecan, fol. 90 (vide supra, pp. 32, 33), in Mac Firbis's Genealogical Book, p. 328, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 76, where we read, Manii filius Bressalius quinque natos generavit, Fiachrium Fionn, ex quo O'Naghen, Dallanum, Conallum, Crimthannum, et Manium, a quo Hy-Maine Brengar.' 🢀

O'Dugan also mentions these tribes, as follows: Na sé Sodhain na seachnam, / A riogha gan ro seachmall; / Maith sluagh na bh-fhoghadh bh-foghlach, / Dan' dual Sodhan sleagh-armach. 'The six Sodhans let us not shun, / Their chiefs are without oblivion; / Good the host of plundering excursions, / To whom the spear-armed Sodhan is hereditary.' O'Flaherty in his Ogygia, Part III. c. 66, p. 327, says that there were several tribes in Ireland of the name Sodan, all deriving their name from Sodan, the son of Fiacha Araidh, king of Ulster, about the year of Christ 240. His words are, 'Sodanius ipsius [Fiachi Araidh] filius, Sodaniorum sator, qui Sodaniam Aitchi in Fernmoya, Ultoniae regione, Sodaniam in Media, et Sodaniam in Hymania Galviensis agri ditione praeter siquas alias incoluerunt. De his antiquariae et poeticae facultatis Wardaeorum et O'Duveganorum familiae prodierunt.' It appears from this and other more ancient authorities that the Sodhans of Hy-Many were not of the same race as the Hy-Many themselves. The exact extent of the cantred of the six Sodhans cannot now be determined; but the situation of O'Dugan, and of Muine Chasain, the seat of the poet Mac Ward, who were two families of the six Sodans, will point out the whereabouts of the entire cantred. It appears from the Felire Aenguis that the churches of Cill Conain and Cill Modhiuid, or Church of Saint Simplex, were in this cantred. An additional evidence of its situation is obtained from a passage in the Chronicon Scotorum, at the year 1135, that O'Mannin, now Mannin, was the chief of this cantred, and this family had their head residence at Menlagh-O'Mannin, near Castle Blakeney, from time immemorial; so that it is rational to conclude, that Menlagh and the other possessions of O'Mannin in its vicinty, formed a portion of the cantred of Sodhan, or Soghan, the ancient territory of O'Mannin. The passage in the Chronicon Scotorum, above referred to, is as follows: 'A.D. 1135.— Maidm Mongaighe re Sil Muiredaigh ar Ibh Máine, ubi multi ceciderunt, um Concopar h-Ua Cellaigh, ocus h-Ua Mainnín, ri Sogain.' 'A.D. 1135.— The Battle of Mongach was gained by the Sil-Muiredhaigh over the Hy-Many, ubi multi ceciderunt, together with Conor O'Kelly, and O'Mannin, king of Soghan.' 🢀

i.e. Crimhthann the Slender. He was the son of Bresal, son of Maine Mor, and was the ancestor of three chiefs of all Hy-Many.—See above, pp. 26, 27. O'Dugan enumerates the same chieftains of this district in the following quatrain: 'O Cathail, O Mudhroin mear, O Maoilruanaidh na righ-fhleadh, / Croinn díona an ur-fhuinn eanaigh, / Riogha Crumhthainn crich-feadhaigh.' ' O'Cathail, O'Mudhroin the swift, / O'Maoilruanaidh of the royal banquets, / Trees who shelter the soft boggy land, / Are kings of Crumhthann of the woody surface.' The territory of this tribe still retains its ancient name, which is anglicised Cruffon, being the exact pronunciation of the ancient Irish form of the name. The situation of this territory is thus pointed out by Denis Henry Kelly, Esq., of Castle Kelly, in a letter to the Editor:— 'Cruffon is the name by which the peasantry still designate a large district in the county of Galway, long celebrated for its coarse linen manufacture, containing the barony of Killyan, and a large tract of Ballymoe.' 🢀

This was the tribe name of the O'Conors, kings of Connaught, and their correlatives, who were so called from Muireadhach Muilleathan, king of Connaught, who died in the year 700, as we learn from the Annals of the Four Masters: 'A.D. 700.—Died Muireadhach, i.e. Muireadhach Muilleathan (the son of Fergus), king of Connaught, from whom the Sil-Muireadhaigh are descended.' 🢀

Now anglicised Mulroney, and in the county of Clare, Morony. 🢀

This name is now anglicised Moran, the prefix O' being always rejected. 🢀

Now anglicised Cahill, the O' being never prefixed. 🢀

The word caladh, which in other parts of Ireland denotes a ferry, or landing place for boats, is at present used in this district to signify a low, flat district, extending along a lake or river, like the word 'strath' in Ulster and Scotland. The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin renders this sentence thus:— 'The Barony of Cala, from Moin Inraidech to Cluain Tuaiscirt na Sinda, had for chiefs Mac Gilla Dubh and O'Laegachain.' The situation of the territory of Caladh, the chief residence in which called the 'Bawn of Callow', was built by William Flavus O'Kelly in the year 1353, is still known in the country, and is said to be nearly co-extensive with the barony of Kilconnell; but it appears from the description of its extent given in the text that it extended much farther to the south than the present barony of Kilconnell. In the Annals of the Four Masters, this cantred is described as in the upper part of Hy-Many in the sixteenth century. O'Dugan, in his topographical poem, calls this territory Caladh Sinna, or 'Caladh of the Shannon', and calls its chief O'Laodhog: h-Ui Laodhog laoich nach seachain / Riogha an Chalaidh cris-leathain, / Fir ler gabhadh 'na n-goire / Caladh Sionna sriobh-ghloine. 'The O'Laodhogs, heroes whom I will not shun, / Are the kings of the wide bordered Caladh, / Men who have taken into their possession / The Caladh of the clear-streamed Shannon.' 🢀

The situation of this place, which was a bog, is unknown to the Editor. The name is at present forgotten in the country. 🢀

There are two places in the ancient Hy-Many called Cluain Tuaiscirt, one situated near Lanesborough, in the county of Roscommon, and near the Shannon, and therefore correctly called Cluain Tuaiscirt na Sinna, i.e. Cluain Tuaiscirt of the Shannon; the other is situated about five miles to the south of Ballinasloe, in the county of Galway, and near the River Suck. The latter is clearly the place here called Cluain Tuaiscirt na Sinna, though incorrectly, because the cantred of Caladh never could have extended to the Cluain Tuaiscirt near Lanesborough, in the county of Roscommon. 🢀

Mac Gilliduibh, is now always anglicised 'Kilduff'. There are several of the name still in the neighbourhood of Athlone. 🢀

O Laeghachain, or O Laeghog.—Neither form of the name is now preserved in the country, but it is supposed to have been corrupted to Lee. 🢀

Rendered “the seven governors or flaiths of Imaine”, by the Rev. P. Mac Loughlin. There is some error here in the text, as there are eight flaiths named. O'Dugan also mentions the same eight flaiths, and enumerates them as follows in that part of his topographical poem which relates to Hy-Many:— 1. Mac Egan, whom he calls chief of the Clann Diarmada, north and south; 2. Mac Giolla Fhionnagain, and the Clann Cionaoith, chiefs of Clann Flaitheamhain; 3. O'Donnellan of Clann Brensail; 4. O'Donnchadha of Hy-Cormaic, in Maenmagh; 5. O'Duibhginn, chief of the twelve Ballys of O'Duibhginn; 6. O'Docomhlain of Rinn na h-Eidhnighe; 7. O'Gabhrain of Dal Druithne, and, 8. O'Maoilbrighde of Magh Finn. 🢀

More correctly spelt Mac Aedhagain, now anglicised Mac Egan. This family descend from Aedhagan, Anglice Egan, the sixteenth in descent from Maine Mor, the ancestor of all the Hy-Maine. O'Dugan gives this family the first place among the sub-chiefs of Hy-Many for their generosity and fame. His words are, Tosach, ar bhuga is ar bhlaith, / Do Mac Eittedhain uasail, / Sloinn do an athlaimhe a fhian / Is ar rathmhaire a righ-mhiad / Clann Diarmada thuaidh is theas / A g-cur im dhuain is díleas. 'Precedence, for his generosity and fame, / Give we to Mac Egan, the noble, / Mention him for the dexterity of his troops / And for the prosperity of his regal dignity; / The Clann Diarmada, north and south, / To mention them in my poem is lawful.' 🢀

This name, which is written 'Mac Gilla Fionnagain' by O'Dugan, is now obsolete. The sept of Clann Flaitheamhain, of which Mac Gilla-Enain was chief, descend from Flaithemh, the tenth in descent from Maine Mor, the ancestor of all the Hy-Maine. 🢀

The family name was O'Cionaith, now always anglicised Kenny, without the prefix O'. The name is still very common in Hy-Many. O'Dugan makes Mac Gilla-Fionnagain and Muintir Cionaoith, the chiefs of Clann Flaitheamhuin. Mac Giolla Fhionnagain maoith, / Agus Clann crodha Cionaith, / Da droing as aodbhdha d'feadhain / As Cloinn crodha Flaitheamhain. 'Mac-Gilla-Fionnagain the gentle, / And the brave Clann Cionaith, / Two tribes, who are beautiful to be seen / Over the brave Clann Flaitheamhain.' For the descent of this tribe see pp. 30, 31. 🢀

The family name is O'Domhnallain, now always anglicised Donnellan, without the prefix O'. O'Dugan also mentions this family as chiefs of Clann Breasail, in the following quatrain: Uasal a bh-fuil 's a bh-feadhma / Ui Domnallain deagh-dhealbhda / Do boing re treasaibh tuile / Ar Cloinn m-Breasail m-barr-buidhe. 'Noble the blood and the deeds / Of the O'Donnellans of the good aspects; / Boisterous as the flood are they in battles / Over the yellow-haired Clann Breasail.' This family descends from Domhnallan, son of Maelbrighde, who was son of Tighernan, the son of Loingsech, who was son of Domhnall, the son of Breasal, ancestor of the Clann Breasail, and tenth in descent from Maine Mor, the ancestor of all the Hy-Many. The present head of this family is Arthur Donnellan, Esq., of Ballydonnellan, in the county of Galway, situated midway between Ballinasloe and Loughrea, who possess a considerable remnant of the original cantred of Clann Breasail. See note 65, supra, p. 32, and Note F, at the end of this tract. The notes are not reproduced in the CELT edition. 🢀

O'Duibhginn.—See page 28. 🢀

O'Gabhrain.—The name, and the situation of this tribe are now unknown. 🢀

O'Docomhlan.—This name, and the situation of Rinn na h-Eignide, are unknown. 🢀

O'Donnchadha of Aibh Cormaic.—This name would be anglicised 'O'Donoghy' or 'O'Donoghoe'; or 'Donoghy' or 'Donoghoe' without the O', but the Editor is not aware that the name still exists in Hy-Many. O'Dugan states in his topographical poem that this tribe was located to the south, outside the Lathach, or Quagmire, in the territory of Moenmoy. They derive their name and origin from Cormac, son of Crimthann, who was son of Breasal, who was the son of Maine Mor, ancestor of all the Hy-Many. 🢀

O'Mailbrighdi, chief of Bredach.—This territory, which comprised forty quarters of land, was otherwise called Magh Finn, and is situated on the east side of the River Suck, in the barony of Athlone. The O'Mailbrighdes were afterwards dispossessed of this territory by the Mac Keoghs, a branch of the O'Kellys, and the district is now popularly known by the name of Keogh's country. We learn from the lives of St. Bridget, and from O'Dugan's topographical poem, that this district was under the patronage of St. Bridget. O'Dugan's words are as follows: Taoiseach Muighe Finn fortail, / D'a d-tucc Brighitt beandochtain, / Saor a shluagh feadhma co re, / O Maoil buain-fheardha Brighde: / Maith a n-dearna ar gach duine / Flaith breághdha na Breaduighe. 'The chief the fast Magh Finn, / To which Bridget gave a blessing, / Noble his warlike host, as yet, / Is O'Maoilbrighde, the ever-manly: / Good has he done to every man,/ This majestic chief of Breadach.' 🢀

Sir John Davis, in his letter to the Earl of Salisbury, published in Vallancey's Collectanea, vol. i. pp. 160, 161, has preserved the following definition of the name and office of a comharba:— 'And that your Lordship may perceive I weave not this web out of my own brain, but that I have authority for it, which I deliver, I will here insert a certificate in Latin made unto me by an Irish scholar, whose opinion I required in this matter, which I have now by chance among my papers: ... The scholar's opinion was this: 'Corbanatus, sive Plebanatus, dignitas est, et modo ad regem pertinet, sed antea ad Papam; in matrici ecclesia debet necessario esse, initiatus in sacris ordinibus, omnesque decimas pertinentes ad hanc debet habere, et beneficia adjuncta huic ipsius sunt, eorumque conferentiam habet et presentationem: dictum hoc nomen, quia populo et plebi ecclesiasticae matricis ecclesiae praefuit; certum numerum sacerdotum quasi collegialium debet habere secum; primum stallum in sua ecclesia habet; habet etiam stallum vacuum in ecclesia cathedrali; et vocem in omni capitulo tam publico quam privato: inscribitur Romano Registro, adeoque dignitas est.' In modern times the Comharba was married, and the dignity was hereditary in some one family. In 1517 Teige O'Rody, who was Comharba of Fenagh, in the county of Leitrim, was married to Honora, the daughter of O'Mulloy. For further information on this subject the reader is referred to Ussher's tract on Corbes, Erenachs, and Termon Lands, published in the second number of the Collectanea, Colgan's Trias Thaum., pp. 630, 631, and Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History, vol. ii. p. 37, and vol. iv. p. 30, et sequent. 🢀

The Rev. Patrick Mac Loughlin translates this 'the Bishop of Clonfert,' but it is very much to be doubted that the Comharba of Clonfert meant the bishop of that see at the time this tract was written. Cluain Fearta is now anglicised 'Clonfert', and is the seat of a bishop, situated in the barony of Longford, and county of Galway. 🢀

Cill Mian, now Kilmeen, the name of an old church and parish, in the barony of Leitrim, about three miles to the east of the town of Loughrea.—See Map. 🢀

Cill Tulach, now Kiltullagh, a parish situated partly in the barony of Kilconnell, but mostly in the barony of Athenry, in the county of Galway, and diocese of Clonfert, about three miles east by south from the town of Athenry, on the road to Loughrea. 🢀

Cill Cumadan, now Kilcomedon, an old church in the parish of Aughrim, in the county of Galway, well known to the readers of modern Irish history as the burial place of the celebrated French General St. Ruth, who was killed in the battle of Aughrim on the 12th of July, 1691. 🢀

Camach Brighdi, now Camma, a parish in the barony of Athlone, county of Roscommon, and the diocese of Elphin. The old church of this parish, which (as the name imports) was dedicated to St. Bridget, lies about eight miles west north west from the town of Athlone.—See Map. 🢀

Now Clontuskert, a parish partly in the barony of Longford, but chiefly in the barony of Clonmacnowen, in the county of Galway, and diocese of Clonfert. The ruins of an abbey of considerable extent, said to have been erected by O'Kelly, are to be seen in this parish. 🢀

The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin renders this phrase correctly enough, 'where the O'Kellys are inaugurated.' 🢀

Cluain Cain Cairill, now the parish of of Clonkeen, or Clonkeen-Kerril, in the barony of Tiaquin, county of Galway, and diocese of Clonfert. The old church of this parish, which was originally founded by St. Cairell, who flourished in the primitive ages of the Irish church, was rebuilt, and formed into an abbey for Franciscan friars, about the year 1435, by Thomas O'Kelly, bishop of Clonfert, at the request of David Mulkerril, the Comharba of St. Cairell.—Archdall's Monasticon. 🢀

That is, the Comharba of St. Bridget, who resided at Camma, had the privilege of baptizing all the Hy-Manians; and should any of them, who lived too far from this church, not wish to bring their children thither, they were nevertheless obliged to pay the baptismal penny to the Comharba of the church. 🢀

Now the parish of Drum, in the barony of Athlone, and county of Roscommon. The old church of this parish was also dedicated to St. Bridget. 🢀

This place, which is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1162, still retains its ancient name, but somewhat disguised under the anglicised form of Cloonowen; it is the name of an old church and half parish situated in the parish of St. Peter, lying along the Shannon, a short distance to the south-east of the town of Athlone, in the county of Roscommon. 🢀

i.e. the anointing Screball, or scruple, which is said to have been of the value of three Irish pennies, was to be paid to the Comharba of Cromthar Aedh for every Hy-Manian that was anointed or prepared for death during illness. And we may suppose that this tribute was paid whether the ceremony of extreme unction was or was not administered by the saint's Comharba himself. It appears from a tract in the Book of Ballymote, fol. 181, b, b, that a sgreaball of silver was of the weight of twenty four grains of wheat which grew in prime land. It is clearly a corruption of the Latin 'scriptulum', which contained twenty lentes. 🢀

i.e. praesbyter Aedus.—The Irish word Cromthar, which is more frequently written Cruimther, is cognate with the Welsh 'prempter', are are both corruptions of the Latin praesbyter.—See Colgan's Acta SS. p. 140, n.5, and Cormac's Glossary in voce Cruimther. The Editor has not been able to discover any church in the territory of Sil-Anmchadha that was dedicated to this saint, nor any tradition of such. 🢀

The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin renders this sentence as follows, which is not strictly literal:— 'The O'Kellys were to be buried at Clonmacnoise, under the protection of St. Ciaran.' The race of Cairpre Crom comprised more than the O'Kellys. 🢀

The names of many of these townlands are specified in the Registry of Clonmacnoise, translated for Sir James Ware, by the celebrated Irish Antiquary Duald Mac Firbis, and now preserved in the British Museum, No. 60 of the Clarendon Collection. This MS. is quoted by Crofton Croker, in his Researches in the South of Ireland, pp. 242, 246, but he refers these passages to Cloyne, in the county of Cork, instead of Clonmacnoise, though the name of St. Kyran, which is mentioned so often as that of the patron of the place, ought to have convinced him that Cloyne, in Cork, could not have been meant. The Cross of Cairpri Crom is still shown near the old church of Cloonburren; and there are many romantic stories still told of the cause for which Cairbre Crom, prince of Hy-Many, granted these seventeen townlands to the Abbey of Clonmacnoise; they are too long, however, to be more fully noticed in this note. 🢀

Literally means a scriptulum or scruple, and was valued at three-pence, is sometimes used to denote any tribute. Here sgreaball caethrach signifies ovine tribute, or tribute in sheep. It is this kind, when used as a standard, was stated in the Irish life of St. Grellan that he received the firstling hog, and lamb, and foal, in Hy-Many, and the same is stated by Dr. John Lynch, in his (Cambrensis Eversus, p. 186:)‘E singulis Manachiae domibus patroni sui S. Grillani successoribus tres denarii quotannis, primus porculus, primus agnus, et primus equinus, deferebantur.’ 🢀

This crozier was preserved for ages in the family of O'Cronghaile, or Cronelly, who were the ancient Comharbas of the saint. It was in existence so late as the year 1836, it being then in the possession of a poor man named John Cronelly, the senior representative of the Comharbas of the saint, who lived near Ahascra, in the east of the county of Galway; but it is not to be found now in that country. It was probably sold to some collector of antiquities, and is not now known. A relic of this kind, when used as a standard, was usually called cathach, (i.e. proeliator,) such as the celebrated cathach of St. Columbkille, described by Sir William Betham in his Antiquarian Researches.—See also (Colgan, Trias Thaum. p. 409, col. 2)‘Et “Cathach” est proeliator, vulgo appellatur, fertque traditio quod si circa illius exercitum, antequam hostem adoriantur tertio cum debita reverentia circumducatur, eveniat ut victoriam reportet.’ This Cathach was taken from O'Donnell in the Battle of Bealach Buidhe, in 1497, by Mac Dermot, but he recovered it in the year 1499. We learn from the Book of Fenagh that St. Caillin blessed, for his own tribe, the Conmaicne, a Cathach, which was a cross formed of a hazle sapling that had been cut with one blow, and its top piercing its middle. Ro ordaig em Caillín Cathach uada fein do Conmaicnibh, do brisedh rompa, .i. cros cuill do gearradh d'aen-bhuille, ocus a barr tria 'n-a bolgan, i.e. 'St. Caillin ordered a Cathach, i.e. a standard, from himself, for the Conmaicne, viz., a cross of hazle cut with one blow, its top piercing its middle.' These evidences from Irish history sufficiently prove the meaning of the word Cathach. But Sir William Betham imagines it to be a corruption of 'cas', a case, a word which in that sense would not be Irish at all. 🢀

Cairech Dergain.—A celebrated virgin, patroness of Cloonburren, in the south of the barony Moycarnan, county Roscommon, on the west side of the Shannon, opposite St. Ciaran's monastery of Clonmacnoise. She died A.D. 577, 9th Feb. according to the Four Masters (in an.). A part of her church, which is of the primitive ages of Christianity in Ireland, still remains, and it is said that there were some ancient inscriptions in the churchyard, but the Editor searched for them in vain, in the year 1836. 🢀

i.e. St. Patrick's knee, now Gloonpatrick, in the parish of Athleague, in the barony of Athlone, and county of Roscommon. The place derived this name from a stone exhibiting the supposed impression of St. Patrick's knee. 🢀

i.e. Cold Stream. It is now called the Abhainn Uar, or Abhainn Fhuar (i.e. cold river), and flows through the barony of Roscommon, not far to the south of the town of Elphin. The situation of this river shows that the territory of Hy-Many originally comprised a considerable portion of the district which, in later times, belonged to the Sil-Muireadhaigh, or the O'Conors and their correlatives. 🢀

Now the River Shannon, which formed the eastern boundary of Hy-Many, from Clontuskert, near Lanesborough, to Loch Deirgdherc, now Lough Derg, below Portumna. 🢀

The Rev. Patrick Mac Loughlin translates daer tuatha re fognamh, by the 'unfree states of Imaine.' 🢀

Dealbhna.—There were seven tribes of this name seated in different parts of Ireland. They were of the Dalcassian race, and derived their patronymic name of Dealbhna, from their progenitor, Lughaidh Dealbh-aedh, the third son of Cas. The tribe alluded to in the text were generally called Dealbhna Nuadhat, and were seated in the present county of Roscommon, between the Rivers Suck and Shannon.—See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 82, and Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 816. 🢀

This was the ancient name of the ford on the Shannon, over which the bridge of Lanesborough now stands, and the western or Connaught portion of the village of Lanesborough, still retains the name. There is another Ath Liag on the River Suck, which is to be distinguised from that here referred to; the former was called anciently Ath Liag bh-Finn, i.e. the ford of the white stones, and the latter Ath Liag Maenacain, i.e. the stony-ford of St. Maenacan, from the patron saint of the place; Ath Liag bh-Finn is now anglicised Ballyleague, i.e. the village of Athliag, and the other is called simply Athleague. 🢀

Now always called Sliabh Ui Fhloinn, i.e. O'Flyn's mountain, from its situation in Sil Mailruain, O'Flyn's country. The course of this river is very well described in a poem on the Shannon, written in Irish by Mr. Michael Brannon, of Lisgobban, in the year 1794. 🢀

The name of this place is now forgotten, but it was well known in Hy-Many in the reign of James the First, for it appears from an inquisition taken at Kilconnell on the 24th of August, 1617, that Tomcatry, containing four cartrons of land, and situated in the barony of Clanmacnowen, was then in the possession of Donnell O'Coffey.—Vide supra;, p. 39, footnote 80. 🢀

This name is now unknown. 🢀

Perhaps this is the tribe who gave name to the territory of Corca-Mogha, which is still the local appellation of a district comprising the parish of Kilkerrin, in the barony of Killian, in the N.E. of county Galway. 🢀

The exact locality of this tribe cannot now be determined. It is stated in the Irish life of St. Grellan that this tribe paid him no tribute or impost of any description. 🢀

i.e. the plain of the old tribe.—O'Flaherty, in Ogygia, Part III. c. 11, p. 176, speaking of the different places where the Firbolgs settled in the west of Ireland, has the following words in reference to this district:— “Denique Moysachnoliam [recte Moy-Senchinoliam] hodie Hymaniam in agro Galviensi post S. Patricii adventum insederunt; atque ibidem O'Layn, et in agro Sligoensi O'Beunachan ad nostra usque tempora non spernendi latifundii dominus, ab iis originem derivantes restant familiae.” The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin translates Sen-chineoil 'old inhabitants,' and the inhabitants were doubtlessly so called because they were the old Firbolgic possessors of the district, who were conquered and enslaved by the race of Maine. 🢀

The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin renders this passage “until free states came in their places.” 🢀

Now unknown. 🢀

O'Mailfinnains, would be now called Mulfinnans. These were originally a noble Scotic or Milesian family, who were banished from their own territory, and were obliged to settle in Hy-Many, as serfs to the O'Kelly. The celebrated antiquary Duald Mac Firbis, in his interesting preface to his smaller genealogical work, compiled in 1666, gives us the following account of the six classes of plebeian families in ancient Ireland:— ‘1. The remnant of the Firbolgs and Tuatha De Dananns. 2. The descendants of the Scotic or Milesian nobility, who left their own territories, and were obliged to enslave themselves under other tribes. 3. Those tribes whose lands were converted into sword-lands, or who were enslaved by enemies. 4. Descendants of the Milesian nobility who lost their dignity and lands for their crimes, according to the law. 5. Those who are descended from common soldiers and foreigners. 6. The descendants of the slaves who came with the sons of Milesius into Ireland, and who were never able to get beyond their cast.’ (Duald Mac Firbis 1666, Introduction) ‘It is true,' he adds, 'that there are many of the descendants of these tribes till this very day in Ireland, but their pedigrees are unknown. There are also many families of the purest Milesian blood, whose pedigrees have become unknown in consequence of their having become poor and indigent, and not having been able to support poets or historians to preserve their genealogies and history. Some of them sunk under the English five hundred years ago.'’ (Duald Mac Firbis 1666—MS. in the Marquis of Drogheda's Library). 🢀

The Rev. P. Mac Loughlin gives the following condensed translation of this passage:— “That is to say, that all these different people, some of whom are of the Firbolgs, were obliged to labour and toil in the service of O'Kelly and his chiefs.” 🢀

This territory is situated in the barony of Athlone, and comprises parts of the adjoining ones. When O'Naghten was driven out of his original territory of Moenmoy, during the contests between Conor Moenmoy O'Conor and the O'Kellys, he settled here. It appears by an inquisition taken at Roscommon 26th October, 1587, that in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Shane O'Naghten was chief of this territory, which is called 'les Ffayes de Athlone,' and head or captain of his own tribe:—nationis suae principalis. 🢀

Marshalship of the forces etc.—The word marascalacht is evidently formed from Marescalcus, a word of Teutonic origin (from the German 'Marach', a horse, and 'Scalch', potens, magister). See Du Cange, Glossar. in voce. The use of it here in its larger and more modern sense, may perhaps indicate the twelfth or thirteenth century as the date of this Tract. 🢀

anglice O'Connell 🢀

anglice Mac Egan, and now always written Egan, without the Mac.—Vide supra, p. 31. 🢀

Evidently means the chieftainship or chief command of the horse. The Irish word scor, which makes scuir in the genitive case, is used in the best Irish MSS. in the sense of 'a stud of horses,' as in the following example from the (Book of Leinster fol. 58, b, b)‘—Ro batar a n-eich i n-oen scor, in aidhche sin, ocus a n-araid ac oen tenidh, Their steeds were in one stud, and their charioteers at one fire.’ 🢀

These were the O'Mannins, Mac Wards, and O'Dugans.—Vide supra, p. 72. 🢀

i.e. the O'Naghtens and the O'Mullallys, or Lallys. They descend from Fiachra Finn, son of Bresal, son of Maine Mor. 🢀

The meaning of this phrase is not clear, and as no second copy of the original is accessible to the translator, he does not wish to indulge in conjectures; alaidhe or ealadhais explained in the Dictionaries as an art or trade. In the mediaeval Latin, allutarius meant a shoemaker, but it would be unsafe to suppose that this word is cognate with the Irish alaidhe, which signifies any art or trade. 🢀

Vide supra, p. 85. 🢀

O h-Uroin.—now Horan. In the reign of James I. different persons of this name were possessed of considerable property in the county of Galway. An inquisition, in the Rolls' Office, Dublin, taken at Kilconnell, on the 26th September, 1617, before Sir Charles Coote, found that Edmond O'Horan was seised of fee of Carrowanmeanagh one cartron and a half; that Rory O'Horan was seised of fee of Carownafinoigga, Koil McShane, Carowmore-Derihoran, Camus, Tullagh, Lismoyfadda, Gortskehy, and of Carowanclogha, containing half a quarter of land, on which stood a castle. The same inquisition found the O'Horans seised of fee of parcels of the following townlands, viz.—Moyowre, Derrisweny, Carowmore, Derrihoran, Meahanaghboy, and Ballinekille. 🢀

Now Clonrush, a parish in the barony of Leitrim and county of Galway, on the confines of the county of Clare.—See Map. 🢀

Vide supra, pp. 34, 35, See also Genealogical Book of Duald Mac Firbis, p. 327. 🢀

i.e. the office or dignity of being henchman to the prince of Hy-Many in battle. 🢀

They were the descendants of Inrechtach, son of Dluthach.—See p. 31. 🢀

These cannot be easily identified with the pedigrees. 🢀

Eallach, which makes eallaigh in the genitive case, means cattle. Taisigeacht eallaigh is, therefore, perhaps the office of chief shepherd. 🢀

The chief of this tribe took the name of O'Donnell, after the establishment of surnames. It is recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1158, that Sitric, the son of Gilla-Enain O'Donnell, chief of Clann Flaitheamhaih, was slain by Murchadh, the grandson of Taddy O'Kelly.—See p. 31, supra. 🢀

i.e. the O'Donnellans.—Vide supra, p. 33. 🢀

i.e. the Mac Egans. 🢀

i.e. the inhabitants of Magh Brengair.—See p. 25, supra, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 76, p. 366, where the following reference is made to the descent of this tribe: “Donaldum filium Imchadi avum praefert Manius Magnus, patre Achaio Ferdaghiall ortus, Imaniorum sator, qui Imaniam in Australi Connactia, et agro Galviensi acquisivit; quam posteri late dilatarunt, et ultra Succum iltivium ad Sinannum per agrum Roscommanium porrexerunt. Manii filius Bressalius quinque natos generavit Fiachrium Fionn, ex quo O'Naghten, Dallanum, Conallum, Crimthannum, et Manium, a quo Hy-Maine Brengar.” 🢀

Stweardship; from rechtaire, a steward or chief manager. 🢀

For the descent of this family vide supra, p. 38. 🢀

Or as it would be written according to the modern orthography, Ard na g-cno, i.e. height or hill of the nuts. It is the name of a townland in the parish of Killiny, in the barony of Killartan, but there is no townland of the name at present within the limits of the Hy-Many. 🢀

i.e. The mill of Glaisni, a man's name. The name is now unknown in Hy-Many, as is that of the family who resided at the place. 🢀

Now anglice Toohey. 🢀

Echdhruim, which is explained by Colgan equi mons vel collis, is now anglicised 'Aughrim'. It is the name of a village and parish in the barony of Clonmacnow, in the county of Galway, celebrated in latter times for a battle fought there between the forces of King William III. and James II., on the 12th of July, 1691. 🢀

Also written Baghna, a district in the east of the county of Roscommon, nearly co-extensive with the barony of Ballintober, north. The celebrated mountain called Sliabh Badhna, or Sliabh Baghna, now anglicised 'Slieve Baun', extends through it from north to south, nearly parallel with the River Shannon. The Firbolgs were never driven out of this territory, and the chief portion of the inhabitants at present are characteristically distinguished from the Milesian race by their jet black hair and small stature. The Editor made careful search for the name O'Baedain in the mountainous district of Slieve Badhna, in the year 1837, but could not find it. In other parts of Ireland it is anglicised Boyton. 🢀

Now Meehin. 🢀

Vide supra, p. 38, footnote 73. 🢀

The name of a celebrated mountainous district in the south-east of the county of Galway, on the confines of the county of Clare. It is now generally called Slieve Aughty, but corrupted to Slieve Baughta on Beaufort's Ecclesiastical Map of Ireland. 🢀

This name is now unknown, unless it may have been shortened to Dolan. 🢀

The ancient name of a district nearly co-extensive with the parish of Kilbride, in the barony of Ballintober, south, in the county of Roscommon.—See Mac Firbis's Pedigree of the Clann Uadhach. 🢀

These were a tribe of the Firbolgs, located in the present barony of Clanmacowen, near the River Suck, who were reduced to a state of slavery by the Hy-Manians. 🢀

Otherwise called Magh-Finn, and now always Keogh's country.—See Map. 🢀

Now anglicised Lonergan. 🢀

Retains its name at the present day, and is now Ballynabanaby; it is a townland in the parish in the parish of Kilgerril, barony of Kilconnel, and county of Galway. In 1617 this townland was in the possession of William Lally, gentleman. 🢀

Now unknown. 🢀

This name is now anglicised Sheehan. 🢀

i.e. the O'Conors and their correlatives. 🢀

i.e. the descendants of Eoghan Mor, the eldest son of Olioll Olum. Of this tribe the Mac Carthys, though not the senior descendants of Eoghan Mor, were in latter times by far the most powerful and distinguished. It is remarkable that, at the period when this tract was written, O'Kelly should not be considered more closely linked with his neighbours the Dal Cais, than with the Eoghanachts, who were far from his neighbourhood, being then principally settled in the present counties of Cork, Kerry, and Limerick. And yet, the Dal Cais, that is, the O'Briens and their correlatives, in Thomond, were as often kings of Cashel as the Eoghanachts. 🢀