CELT document G600024

An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod III & IV: De Febrium Symptomatibus

 p.115

An liaigh i n-Erinn a n-allod. Uimh III.

De Febrium Symptomatibus

THE following six sections are from the RIA MS. 23 P 10, part iii, and are a translation of the portion on the concomitant symptoms of fever (De Febrium Symptomatibus) in the Rosa Anglica of John of Gaddesden. These items form part of the cure of Tertian Fever. In all mediæval medical books the treatment of disease is divided into the following parts: — caussae, signa, prognostica and curatio. In this particular case, i.e., Tertian Fever, Gaddesden further subdivides curatio into five parts: “In curatione febris tertianæ conspiciendum est ad quinque capita. (1) ad digestionem materiæ. (2) ad evacuationem. (3) ad amotionem Dyscrasiæ febrilis. (4) ad accidentia. (6) ad regimen sex rerum non naturalium.” The fourth of these (“ad accidentia”) forms our present text. These accidents which are fifteen in all, I will hope to continue in subsequent numbers of Lia Fáil.

The Rosa Anglica was written about 1314 by John of Gaddesden (Johannes Anglicus) who was court physician to Edward II. of England. It was one of the leading text books of medicine in the Middle Ages, though it was never as popular as Bernard of Gordon's work, the Lilium Medicinae. There is another fragmentary copy of this section in the British Museum (now British Library), BL Harl. 546. The Rosa Anglica seems to have been a favourite in Ireland, as various fragmentary copies of the Irish translation exist in MS. in different libraries throughout Ireland and Great Britain, though no complete version has come to light. 23 P 10 is a very beautiful vellum MS., richly illuminated and written in a clear hand with few contractions. It contains a large portion of the Rosa Anglica, 70 pages in all, forming about half of Book I. of the Latin text. The section De Febrium Symptomatibus occupies  p.116 pp. 687–736 of the fourth edition of the Rosa Anglica, from which the appended Latin phrases, etc., have been taken. (See footnotes.)

ÚNA DE BHULF


 p.234

An liaigh i n-Erinn a n-allod. Uimh IV.

In the last number of Lia Fáil I stated that I hoped to complete the concomitant symptoms of fever in a later issue. These are contained in the following nine items, along with the section on the six non-naturals referred to by Gaddesden in the opening words on the cure of Tertian Fever (p. 115, Lia Fáil, no. 3).

The MS. is badly damaged on pp. 19/20, 21 /22 where O'Curry suspects it had been chewed by some animal (a rat?) but a piece has also been deliberately cut out with a knife or a pair of scissors on pp. 19/20. As a good many words are missing on these pages I have supplied them from Brit. Mus. now British Library MS. Harl. 346, in square brackets, and have also added the words of the Latin original in footnotes. The glossary contains such words as were not discussed in that of the last issue (pp. 123–125).

Úna De Bhulf


Unknown author

Edited by Winifred Wulff (=Úna De Bhulf)

De Febrium Symptomatibus

1.

 p.116 3 8a 687

[1] An ceathrumad ni adubrumar cum leighis na cuisi seo, comlintar e trid na h-aicidib noch tig gu minic a leanmain an fiabrais seo. (⁊ ) IS iad so iad sein .i. tart ⁊ easbaidh codalta ⁊ teinneas cind ⁊ frenisis no easbaidh ceilli, ⁊ anbainde cridhi ⁊ flux ⁊ roceangal ⁊ galar buidhi ⁊ dubadh no losgadh na teangadh, ⁊ bainneadha ⁊ alga ssa bel; ⁊ do reir sin atait .x. n-aicidi coitceanna ann. (⁊ ) Cuirimsi cuca sin greann ⁊ fuacht tig a dtosach na h-aicisisi, ⁊ allus ⁊ sgeathrach ⁊ anbaindi na brighe tothlaithe no a heasbaidh, ⁊ flux fola na srona ⁊ iumarcaid codalta rotrium. (⁊)

Tuig go foirthear an ceadaicid 1 dib seo le digh d'uisge fuar — an tart tig isna fiabrasaib seo, acht guma saint leisin easlan hi ⁊ gur gnathaigh a ol acht gu mbeid comarthadha dileagtha ina fual ⁊ gan easbaidh 2 arna h-indib ⁊ gan fuardhacht na h-anbainne a m-bel an gaile, amail adeir Auerroes annsa caibidil dorinne se do legheas na fiabrus gu coitceann. (⁊ ) Gidh eadh adeir se tar eisin, an lucht aga mbid brigha laidire isna fiabrasaib gera loisge seo, nach du fuireach risin dileagad, gan an t-uisgi do tabairt doib, oir ni cintach an t-adbar do reir a cruas na righni acht do reir a drochcaile geire abhain. Et adeir Isidorus an ni cena, nach du sa cabson an t-adhbar d'olmughad acht a drochcail abain do claethmodh le h-uisge fuar. (⁊) As trid sin adeir Auedseanna {} ni faghaim oibriugh maith isin n-uisge acht a tabairt isna fiabhrasaib  8b gera, 3 ⁊ da fetar intu sin deoch maith do tabairt de, amain noch d'fhetfa an duine dol a n-aenfeacht ⁊ gan a anail d'fhuaradh.

 p.117

Et is e seo mu ghnathughassa .i. an t-uisge do berbadh gu maith gu n-uige a trian, ⁊ siucra ⁊ beagan aigeidi trid, ⁊ madh romilis an deoch so, curtar tuilli aigeidi intu, ⁊ madh rogoirt hi, curtar tuillead siucra inte, ⁊ fedaid sin dol an meidi as ail leis aenuair amain, ⁊ annsa n-aicisis, acht na rab ana thosach. Item da ndearnathar tamareindi do cognam isin mbel, ⁊ a congbail gu fada ann, minidh sin an tart, do-ni berbeiris an ni cedna, ⁊ an siucra roiseaca no an uiola maille re h-uisge andibi no an midhaidhi, no na raibi uisge, no na cruaiche Padraig, do reir atharraigh na cuiseadh, oir as maith uisge andibi an trath bis teas mor isna h-aeib gan neasgoid; ⁊ as maith uisge an midhaighe a neasgoid inmeadhonaigh, ⁊ as maith uisge na raibi uisge annsan fiabras tig re cois na plaghadh, ⁊ as maith uisge na cruaiche Padraig a flux, ⁊ as maith uisge na uioili an trath bis ceangal ar duine san fiabras ⁊ an trath teagar reisin n-gaili o roteasaidheacht; no da mbia coilera praisina no coilera erusinosa sa ghaili, is maith cristall ann sin, arna thabairt ar uisge na roisi. Item da congmaiter caindi4 san mbel no gu sgailidh, ⁊ coisci sin an tart. Item nighther an bel gu meinic le h-uisge ⁊ le h-aigeid, innus gu mbia a dha oiread d'uisge ann a mbia d'aigeid, uair muna bia, da bheanfadh a croiceann don teangaidh; ⁊ muna fagar aigeid fina, gabtar aigeid do linn uball, ⁊ coisgidh sin an tart. Item dentar cuma finginni 5 d'uball, curtar a n-uisge aran teangaidh, ⁊ coisgidh sin an tart. Item curthar eang lin a sugh cruaiche Padraig, no a sugh teinegail ⁊ a cur arna h-aeb no aran gaili, ⁊ coisgid an tart, ⁊ a atharrach gu minic no da meideochadh sin na duinti gu firinneach.

[2] An darna h-aicid dar labrumar 6 .i. easbaide codalta. Tuig da dtugthar sil an poipi letusadhann da ʒ no tri de gach ni, ⁊ a berbadh  9a a potaitsi no a n-eanbruithe, no a m-bainne almont, ⁊ a tabairt da caitheam, ⁊ do beir an codhladh ⁊ beaththaid an t-othar ⁊ minidh an tart ⁊ is beg na coisgeann an teas minadurdha. (⁊ ) Adearar gu coitceann go ceanglann an bainne almont neach, deirimsi nach dein sin, acht uair and do reir an meid d'uisge curthar ann fuaraidhi se, ⁊ congmaidh an t-uisge seala gan siubal e, ⁊ trid sin is amlaidh seo  p.118 chleachtaimsi a tabairt .i. bran do berbadh a n-uisge ⁊ a sgagadh, ⁊ bainne almont do cur trid, ⁊ a bogadh ⁊ ni dein urcoid ⁊ ghlanaidh an t-ucht ⁊ an gaili.

Item coimilter na buind gu laidir le salann arna cur a n-edach lin, ⁊ arna tuma a n-aigeid; ⁊ nighter na cosa le h-uisge ara mberbtar duilleoga saileachfineamhnachcamamillapoipi, ⁊ furailidh sin an codladh. Tumtar edach lin a sugh cruaiche Padraig ⁊ a letus, a n-uisge na roisi ⁊ a n-gealan uighe ⁊ a m-bainni cich ⁊ a sugh na mighaidhi, ⁊ curtar aran edan ⁊ arna h-airgib, ⁊ furailidh an codladh. (⁊) Madh o gaethmaireacht gan fiabras tig easbaidh an codalta, is maith neiche deagbalaidh and sin maille risna neitib adubrumar .i. nutmaigspica nairdicainel. Item gab .ii. ʒ do sugh poipi, ⁊ tri do cruithneacht, no do bran cruithneachta, ⁊ coimbris iad, ⁊ cuir aigeid trithu ⁊ coimil don phuls gu coitceand, ⁊ furailidh an codladh, mar adeir Consantin. Item an lucht na fedann codlad tri fiabras, no tri ni ele, ceangailter na baill imeallacha go laidir, ⁊ mothaidh gu madh h-urusa an ceangal do sgailidh, ge mad teind e; ⁊ curtar coinnli ar lasadh ana fiadhnaisi ⁊ dentar comraite binni ⁊ sgelaidheacht doib, ⁊ mar dunfas a shuili (⁊ ) sgailter go doith na ceangail, ⁊ muchaidhter na coinnli gu doith, ⁊ coisgead an comradh go h-oband, ⁊ collaid gan cuntabairt, do reir Auidseanna.

[3] A n-agaid an treas aicid7 da ndubrumar .i. a n-aghaidh teinnis an cind do-nither o fiabras. Tuig gurub maith ann sin na buind do coimilt, ⁊ na baill imeallacha do ceangal, ⁊ an t-sron do coimilt ⁊ mullach an chind le h-olaidh na uiola.  9b Item gab corcan aga mbid ton leathan ⁊ poill iumdha and, ⁊ cuir teas teagail a ngach aenpoll dib, ⁊ lin d'uisge e, ⁊ cuir a n-airdi e isa tig a mbia an t-othar, ⁊ curtar sitheal leathan fan sileadh tig as, ⁊ ibhith ceinelach binnis isin sileadh sin, 8 ⁊ measraidh se an t-aeir ⁊ minid an teinneas, ⁊ furailid an codladh; ⁊ ni coir seo do denum san geimreadh, madh fLiuch and acht muna bia easbaidh ceilli air an othar maille re teinneas an cind.

Item dentar ceirin da samadh ⁊ da beirene trid a ceile,  p.119 ⁊ curthar uman edan ⁊ umna h-airgib hi, no risan inadh a mbia an teinneas, ⁊ as maith rois ⁊ blath camamilla ann acht munba teasaidhi in aimsir. (⁊) Madh o fiabras lenna fuair no lenna duibh do-nither an teinneas, no o cuis fuair ele is maith bitoinesaitsi cuige, ⁊ clisdire do denam d'impogh an adhbair ina cuirfither leath unsa d'iarapigra Gailieni9, no agairg a n-egmais na neicheadh gcoidceann, ⁊ as maith ann nutamuig10cainelpioinecoiriandra seocha gach ni, ⁊ sugh na praisge do coimilt dona hairgibh. (⁊) Madh teasaidhi in cuis as maith clisdire coitceann inti maille re sgamoniacaisia fistola.

[4] A n-agaid an ceatrumad 11 aicid adobrumar .i. freinisis, ⁊ tuig gu fuil frenisis fhiri and .i. neasgoid bis aran incinn eadain, 12frenisis nach fir do-nither o deathaighib coileargdha noch eiriges cum an cinn, ⁊ do-ni easbaid ceille, ⁊ as maith intu ar aen clistire tarraingtheach, an t-sron do coimilt le h-olaidh na biola ⁊ le uisge na roisi, ⁊ sugha fuara do coimilt dona hairgib ⁊ d'uainneadhaib an cinn; ⁊ bid ceinelach buidheachta isna sughaib sin ⁊ is iad so iad .i. sugh lactuca .i. letuis, ⁊ an teinegail ⁊ an poipi ⁊ an midhaighe ⁊ an cruach Padraig, maille re began d'uisge na roisi, ⁊ d'aigeid ⁊ do bainni cich, ⁊ curthar uman ceann arna bearradh iad, ⁊ leicthear gu fada uime iad, ⁊ tar eis .iiii. n-uaireadh .xx.ed curthar cuilen 13 ⁊ arna sgoltadh uime, ⁊ as ann sin is minca bis an t-adbar arna daingniugad, oir muna beith ni budh incuir neiche teasaidhi, no curthar sgamhain reithe is iada te reis, ⁊ teighthear gu meinic na neiche seo a n-uisge, muna bia an atharrach sinn, ⁊ curthar a cedoir  10a da eis sin coileach arna sgoltadh reis, ⁊ muna feda edromugad leo sin, na bidh doith agud as. Gab sil an beithe, maille re h-uisge na roisi, no na raibi uisge, no in midhaighe, oir is maith annsa cuis sin iad; ⁊ da mbia da neart annsa mbrigh, leagar cuisli an cind ar dtus do, ⁊ connmaidhtear gu maith e, ⁊ cuisli barr na srona annsein, ⁊ curthar guairi muici asdeach ana sroin do buain fola aiste, ⁊ madh eigean andsein leictear cuisli an edain do, oir foiridh sin teinnis an cind, ge mad arrsaidh e, acht guma lacthach an meadhon. Item do  p.120 fedaither deocha athraitheachalacacha do denam do mar adubrumar a leigeas an causoin.

[5] A n-agaidh an cuigead aicid14 adubramar romaind do-niter o fiabras .i. anbainde craidhi. Tuig an anbaindi do-nither o gheiri an fiabrais ⁊ ona mailis, gu n-aithinthear sin trid na comartaib do cuir Ipocraid ar Pronoxis15 .i. srona gera ⁊ airghe reighe setera, ⁊ leigheastar sin maille re biadhaib ar maith cum na h-easlainte, mar ata sugh uball ngernel no a n-graineadha maille re h-aran, oir ata do dileas inntu sin gabail an morgaid on dentar an t-adbar, gu madh lugaidhi iumpaigheas na biadha a drochdeathaidhib, ⁊ is maith doib buidhean ugh ar teigheadh na brighe do dul a n-anmaine, ge roibi fiabras orro, oir is inand singoipis ⁊ eg beg, ⁊ is maith doib magralla coiligh ⁊ ein bhegadh cearc, do reir Auerroes. (⁊)

Et mad o leandaib omha do-nithear an anbaine is maith doibh aran arna thumadh a fin deaghbalaidh. (⁊ ) Mad o leandaib ramra raighne do-nithear an t-adhbar, is maith inte aran maille re fin ara cuirfiter uisge te, uair do-nid na neithe fuara urchoid isa chuis sin, ⁊ as maith a dtosach na cuisi uisge na roisi do chrothadh aran aghaidh ⁊ uisge fuar. Et mad o leandaib omha do-nithear indus go n-impaidheann an teas nadurda asdeach chum inadh an ceaddileaghtha ⁊ an dileaghtha tanaiste, ⁊ uair and do-nithear sin da dhusacht na brighi neoch do bi arna traethad  10b leisan anbaindi craidhi, ⁊ uair ann do fedaithear uisge do crothad go h-obann annsa n-aicisis aran tia ara mbia an anbainne craide, ⁊ ma tar eis na h-aicisisi crothar e uair do-ni gluasacht. Item da ndearntar cleite circe do tumadh a n-aigead ⁊ a measgadh sa sroin, ⁊ foirfidh sin hi, ⁊ as maith an cedna a muchadh na breithe.

[6] A n-agaid an .vi.eadh aicid16 do-nithear o fiabras .i. flux, ma sa sdaid tig, ni hinnenta leigeas ann, an fead bias an brigh is ⁊ laidir, ⁊ gebe aimsear don easlainte a tiucfa, ma iumarcradhach e, tabair siucra roiseaca, 'se arrsaidh do, oir da tucar 17 siucra na roise nua do, do-ni sin urcoid ar son a uire, adeir Isidorus.

 p.121

Item as maith crualcristallniamhanda isan flux. Item as maith cruach Padraigsamadhletusae ababainne almont do chur a potaitsi doib, do-nithear ar eanbruithi reithe. Item as maith sil na roisi ana enar doib no a mbiadh no lectubairi, no le fuil dregain no le maistix, ge mad anband an gaili. Item da ndearntar ubla searbadh na cailli do berbadh ⁊ a cur uman duban ⁊ uman imlican ma seach, ⁊ foiridh an flux fola re n-abar disinteria, ⁊ a n-atharrach gu meinic ⁊ foiridh gach uili fhlux do-nithear ona h-indib, acht munbha harrsaid e, do reir Ghailighen. Item duilleoga praisge do berbad a tri h-uisgeadhaib ⁊ a fasgad ⁊ a mberbadh fadheoidh a n-uisge fhearthana maille re persille ⁊ re bainne almont foiridh an flux risa nabar diarraidhea. 18 Item da ndearntar seanchaisi do berbad a moran d'uisgeadhaib ⁊ fhasgadh annsein ⁊ a tirmugad ⁊ pudar do denam de ⁊ comtrom dragma da tabairt de ⁊ adeir Auidseanda nach fuil ni is treisi coisgeas an flux na sin. Item coisgid binid mhil19 a chedoir an flux. 20 Item cosa an duine ara mbia an flux do nighe a h-uisge ara mberbthar cruach Padruigbithnuaduilleoga darach ⁊ curthar ni di fein mon meadhon.  11a Item do-nid neiche sdipeaga urchoid isan flux do-nithear o dhunadh na n-ae ⁊ na cuisleand re n-abar misiraidsie uena. 21 Item da ndearntar plur mine cruithneachta no mine raisi do rosdal foiridh an flux. Item coisgidh pudar na niamnaite no an t-uisge ara mberbtar hi gach uili flux noch is inleighis.

Item as maith an tartairi .i. lus an sparain, aran flux fola gebe ordugad a duibartar e. Item as maith an garblus annsa flux da curtar as cinn an tia ara mbia an flux he. Item as maith uighe arna mberbadh a flnegra. Item as maith ann aran arna denam a n-uamhain do phlur mine cruithneachta ⁊ buidhen ugh arna chur trid mar cleachtaid na tuatadha ⁊ cuirid daine cuimin trid ⁊ uair ann ni coir sin, uair da mbristear an cuimin gu ramar lagaid se, ⁊ da mbristear gu seim e coisgidh an flux ⁊ furailidh in fual, do reir Auidseanna, ⁊ ailledig 22  p.122 Auidseanna Gailighen uime sin, ⁊ trid sin is coir da tucar an cuimin isa flux a tabairt gu hindill.

Item madh o linn ruadh do-nithear an flux gab merbolaini sitrini ⁊ tabair ceinelach brisdi orro, ⁊ dena beagan da ruaghadh a n-aighean da eis sein ⁊ cuir a n-uisge na roisi gu maidin, no na cruaiche Padruig idir da thshoitheach iad ⁊ sgagtar ⁊ glantar arna maireach ⁊ an ni shilfeas astu tabair don fothar23, oir folmaigid adhbar na h-easlainte reimhe — dunaidh ana diaidh. Item madh o linn fuar bias an t-adhbar tabair merbolaini cebuili do ⁊ curtar a n-uisge an fheineil gu maidin mar adubrumar. (⁊) Madh o linn dubh no o linn ruadh arna losgad do-nithear he, tabair merbolaini inndibeileiritsi do ⁊ cuirthear a n-uisge cruaiche Padruig gu maidin iad no a n-uisge an fheineil, madh o linn dubh nadurdha bhias, oir is anband tig sin acht a ndeireadh chartana no easlainte na seilge.

Item da mbia an flux gu h-imarcradhach ar son leighis lacaigh, no ar son anbainne na brighi a ndeireadh easlainte, tabair .iiii. ʒ do shil pibrair24 arna ruadhadh a n-aighean do ⁊ arna berbadh a m-bainde ghoirt no gu tiughaidhi, ⁊ ibeadh an t-easlan, uair foghnaidh sin re gach ndeighenach adeir Auidseanna, ⁊ do bhearaid daine an bilar garrdha25  11b amain doib arna theghadh a n-aigeann. Et muna feda an t-othar leigheas do ghabail, curthar adharc mor aran imlican ⁊ fona cliathanaib ⁊ idir an da shlinden, ⁊ connmaiter re .iiii. huairib ann hi, ⁊ ceanglaidh; no curtar tuis no pic ar ndenam pudar dib ar smeroidib, ⁊ gabadh a dheathach fae no curtar smeroidi a crocan bel-chumang ⁊ curtar easgumain orro, ⁊ gabadh a ndeathach aran corugadh cedna, ⁊ coimilter an coinneall Muiri26 da timtireacht arna tuma a fin bhog, ⁊ gu hairithi da mbe daerghalar27 leisin air. Et bith ceinelach tirmaideachta, mar is fearr gu fetar isin biadh caithfeas, ⁊ trid sin is mor in comfurtacht isa chuis seo bainne almont arna dhenam le h-uisge fearthana; no pertraisi ⁊ ein bega eili, oir is beg na coisgid siad an flux do reir duchais.

Item madh a n-aimsir geimridh no a n-aimsir flich (sic)  p.123 bes an flux, dentar tene gan deataidh asdigh, ⁊ na licthear an t-aer is e teasaidhi, na se fuairidhe, da fetar a chondmail gu measardha, uair dingidh an t-aer fuaraidhi an meadhon ara ceili indas gu lagand se, oir da faisgea spongc28 fliuch ara cheili, tig uisge as, ⁊ lagaidh an t-aer teasaidhi an bru do reir Auidseanna. Item is maith isa chuis sin na baill imeallacha do ceangal 29 ⁊ a dtindsgaint aga mbun ⁊ a ceangal mar sin tar eis a cheili gu n-uig a mbarr. Item da curtar cearchaill te aran meadhan fortachtaidh, oir coisgidh an leadarthach ⁊ an teinneas ag tarraing an adhbair amach, ⁊ do-nid daine fothrughudh isin cuis seo, ⁊ da ndearntar, is le luibib sdipeaga as maith a dhenam, mar ata resta boibis 30 ⁊ tren tarraing, ⁊ cruach Padruigbithnua ⁊ a chosmaili, ⁊ na dentar acht began conmaid ann. 31

 p.235

2.

 4

[1]  11bA n-agaid an .vii.mad aicid neoch adubrumar.i. a n-aghaid an fhasdaidh 32 do-nither isin fiabras, dentar cleistir do hocus33 ⁊ do shail cuach ⁊ do mercuirial ⁊ do hocus mor mailli re h-olaidh coitcind ⁊ re bran ⁊ beagan salaind, no mailli re blonaig uir muice,  12a no mailli re h-im is cleistir coitceann glanta 34 sin ⁊ is fearrdi mil do cur ann no trid no meadhg eigin, mad ail linn a denam go loisgeach curthar moran salaind ann mailli risna neichi adubrumar dedgauormont surrumunt, 35 ⁊ madh ail lind a miniugad curtar camamillaaineid ann; ⁊ madh ail lind a cur do greannugad an fuail curtar cailemeintbuathfallan, ⁊ madh ail lind an gaethmaireacht  p.236 do cnamh 36 do curthar ruibcuimin ann, ⁊ madh ail lind tarraing on ceann ⁊ on ghaili do denam do curtar iara pigra Gailieni ann, ⁊ mad on churp uili curthar catoilicon37 ann, ⁊ madh ail leat linn ruad do glanadh cuiri caisia fistola and, ⁊ madh ailt linn finn cir agairg, ⁊ madh ailt linn ruad cuiri sene and, ⁊ madh ail leat tarraing ona dubhanaib a cuis fuair, cuir benedicta ann, ⁊ madh ail a cuis teasaidhi38 cuir lictubairi do sugh na roisi and, ⁊ mad ail cleistir cneasaithe39 do denam de cuir cruach Padruiglus an sparainros ⁊ a cosmaili ⁊ methradh gabar and, ⁊ madh cleistir aileamna na mball as ail lind do denamh an trath na fedand duine biadh na deoch do caitheamh cuir isin cleistir cuilis arna denam do chearcaib ⁊ do chabunaib, ⁊ da n-eanbruithe, oir is meinic do chondmasa daine na beathaid caeicis leisin, noch na fedadh biadh na deoch do caitheam indus eili .i. mar 40 da ceangailti cos duine a n-airdi da curthea biadh ana bel, acht gu fedadh se a chaitheam do rachadh brighi an bidh suas, do reir Cosantin, is mar sin aderimsi and seo an biadh do teilgthear isin timthireacht a n-aimsir ghorta ⁊ folmaithe an cuirp go leir, gu fedand a brigh dul chum an gaili, oir teid an cleistir uair and gu n-uige in inde re n-abar ieiunium gengub cleistir aileamnach e ⁊ tarrngid an naduir on chorp uili an uair rig a leas; ⁊ is mo an t-ingantais an leanum d'aileaain a meadhon a mathar trina imlican na sin.

[2] ITEM do fetar supositoiri do denam do mil arna berbadh no gu diubaidhi si ⁊ a cur ar clar ⁊ a cuma mar mher ⁊ beagan salind da cur trid ⁊ curthar a n-uisgi fhuar da cruadhughad hi ⁊ cuireadh  12b ana timtireacht hi ⁊ snaithe reamar trithe ⁊ ceangailter ama sliastaib an snaithe, indus gu feda a buain amach madh eigean do. ITEM do fedaiter supositoiri do denam do gallunaidh ar an corugad cedna ⁊ seanblonag muice do coimilt de no im no ola coitceann. ITEM do-nither supositoiri do laeghan sdupoige praisge no hocais41 arna tuma a mil, no da blonaig arna cuma mar ceann coinnli pairisi 42 arna cur a n-uisgi fuar da cruadhughad.

 p.237

[3] Fecham anoise dona neichibh neoch lagas, mar ceirin no arna coimilt no arna caitheam, ⁊ lagaidh moran do neichibh mar ceirin .i. mar ata domblas ae tairb arna cur ar sgarthaigh ⁊ da curthar ar an imlican e, lagaidh. ITEM gab comor do shugh an da luib seo: an tathabalaibriola ⁊ curtar deannach 43 trithu ⁊ mil no blonag ur muice, ⁊ madh suas is ailt a lagadh, cuir ar an gaili ⁊ madh sis cuir ar an imlican. ITEM dena iubar craige d'fhiuchadh ⁊ methrad ⁊ began aloe trid ⁊ domblas ae tairb no daimh no cailig ⁊ a cur ar an imlican ⁊ lagaidh.

[4] ITEM is iad so na neiche noch lagas arna coimilt mar uendimint .i. gab comor de gach ni dib seo .i. sugh prem an balauird44 ⁊ coirt meadhonach an truim ⁊ prema no duilleoga an spiuirsi45 ⁊ prema an hocus mhoir ⁊ duilleabar an mhercuiriail laibriolatathabaprema sgime, ⁊ dentar a fhiuchadh ⁊ imola trithu ⁊ began degredium {} sbeorna ⁊ do ceir trithu ⁊ denthar uinnimint dib ⁊ gan chuntabairt lagaidh da coimilter don imlican.

[5] ITEM is iad so na neiche noch lagas ara n-ol .i. eanbruithe cailigh ar cur sgeama ann ⁊ sugh praisgemeadhg arna glanad, ⁊ madh ail leat oibriugad ni is laidiri na sin, cuir caisia fistola and ⁊ lagaidh gan baeghal ⁊ do-ni reubarbarum an ni cedna. ITEM is iad so na neiche lagas arna caitheam .i. mar atait lectubairi iumdha .i. catoilicondiatuirbid do lucht leanna finn ⁊ a n-aghaidh leanna finn, ⁊ diaseneseine do lucht leanna duib, ⁊ siucra na biolaola na roisi do lucht leanna ruaidh. ITEM lagaidh sgamoinia gu maith da mberbtar a n-uball  13a e, uair da connacsa fein neach do cuir se amach re .x. n-uairib .xx.ed, 46 ⁊ is inand an diagreidium ⁊ an sgamoinia arna bearbadh. 47 ITEM do fedaiter potaitsi do denam do shail cuach ⁊ do hocus ⁊ do mercuiriail ⁊ do borraitsi ⁊ do glaisin caili, ⁊ madh laidir e curtar ni do duilleogaib an craind re n-abar labruis trithe.

[6] ITEM lagaid sil an spuirsi ⁊ trid sin is maith an sil do tirmugad ⁊ a cur tri bainne almont, oir is lughadh a urcoid.

 p.238

[7] ET ni healadhnach an leigeas lacthach da tabairt a mbiad acht muna tucai do dhainib anbanna no do dainib noch na fedann a caitheam indus ele, ⁊ as amlaid as du a tabairt: sealad fada roim an cuid da caitheam, oir muna tucai mar sin e do tairrngfeadh an leigeas an biadh go ro-aibeil gan dileagad. ITEM ag seo pudar lacthach arna derbadh damsa fein .i. gab .ii. ʒ do reubarbarum ⁊ da ʒ da tuirbid ⁊ .ʒ. da sheindser ⁊ .ʒ. do shene .ʒ. d'agairg ⁊ is pudar gan ghuasacht sin, is maith da gach uili duine noch rig a leas lagadh ⁊ gan acht lanleighe no ni is mo no ni is lughad do gabail de do reir a riachtanais a leas.

[8] A n-agaidh an ochtmad aicid da ndubrumar .i. a n-aghaidh an galuir bhuidhi; 48 tuig gurub olc a theacht roime an seachtmadh la isna h-easlaintib gera ⁊ a crith fuair, gidh ead da dti se an cuigeadh la a crich theasaidhi ⁊ a n-aimsir teasaidhi ⁊ a choimplex theasaidhi fedaidh se teacht cum maitheasa, ⁊ da dti se tar eis comarta dileaghtha do beith isin fual is eigean leigheas d'ordugad do gin gu bia fiabrus air mailli reis ⁊ madh gearr o thainig se, dentar an leighis so air .i. gab glac do premaib an teilidonia49 ⁊ glac de gach ni dib seo .i. andibiaé abasamadhcruach Padruig, ⁊ leth glac de gach ni dib seo .i. dubcosach se hur ⁊ lactuca, ⁊ leth unsa de gach ni dib seo .i. an da shandailna ceitri sila fuara mora ⁊ ; na .iiii. sila bega fuara ⁊ unsa do shnas iuboiri ⁊ ʒ do spica nairdi ⁊ da unsa do sugh sheilidoniamisaidhi50 ⁊ leath funt do siucra ⁊ dentar deoch dib; ⁊ gnathaigheadh annsein an lectubairi seo .i. da unsa da triasandaili ⁊ unsa do shiucra roiseagadh  13b ⁊ leath unsa do cnaim iuboiri arna losgad no da campora. (⁊) Tabair an purgaid seo do da heis .i. unsa da chaisia fistola ⁊ unsa do thamaireindi ⁊ da ʒ do reubarbarum ⁊ unsa do merbolaini sitrini, ⁊ ullmaither iad mar adubrumar le neichib ana mberbeochar ae abasamadhandibi ⁊ sgagtar ⁊ tabair do. Gab andsein da eisi sin sugh an mighaidh51 ⁊ na cruaiche Padruiguisge na roisifinegraindibi, ⁊ coimilter don taeb deas gu minic e no tumtar edach lin aim curtar arna h-aeb e, ⁊ athraiter gu minic e.

 p.239

[9] ITEM mad fada o tainig in galuir buidi dentar naduinte d'oslugad leo seo .i. prema feneilsdoinsi cruindmeirsiseilidoniaemer sleibi52dubcosachsearban53indibi, ⁊ ae abhaspica nairdisandailisiucraborraitsi (⁊). Glantar leo so e .i. tri ʒ d'agairg ⁊ .ʒ. do reubarbarum ⁊ leth ʒ masdixoxisacra. No gab leth unsa d'agairg, .ii. ʒ do reubarbarum ⁊ .ʒ. do caisia fistola ⁊ tabair le meadg arna glanadh iad no le ni ele ara berbtar seledoiniaindibi, iubar sleibiae aba ⁊ millsiter le siucra ⁊ caiter, ⁊ is coir agairg da tabairt isin easlainte seo, oir adeir Misue54 gu tabair se gne mhaith ar an neach caitheas e; ⁊ tabair an lectubaire so do da eisi sin .i. leth ʒ do reubarbarum ⁊ .ʒ. de gach ni dibh seo .i. roissnas iuboiri55adann ʒ d'iuboire loisge ⁊ leth ʒ do spica nairdi ⁊ .ʒ. do nutumaic, ⁊ dentar lectubairi dib mailli re leathfunt siucra ⁊ is inann sin ⁊ diareubarbarum.

[10] ITEM dona neichib d'erraidi dilsi do reir Auidseanna .i. gab .ʒ. do pudar cuideog56 arna tirmugad mailli re hunsa indibi no meadhg arna glanadh, oir is dileas do sin an galar so d'fhoirithin a ceadoir. ITEM foiridh sugh an tseledonia mailli reis an pudar sin gach uili duine noch arna mbia an easlainte sin, acht gu madh hindleighis iad ⁊ do-ni gach ni aca ar leith sin. ITEM do-ni an ni ara mbearbtur an liathlus57 an ni cedna. ITEM do-ni an midhaige ar ndenam pudar de an ni cedna. 58 ITEM atait tri cuisi ana maith do neach a fual d'ol 59 .i. isin ghalar buidhi ⁊ isin atcomall ⁊ a n-easlainte na seilge, ⁊ madh ar son an ghalair buidhi 14a ibeas, curthar snas an iuboiri trid ⁊ is moidi foireas. ITEM molaid daine an croch do tabairt isin cuis seo ⁊ gallunach da tabairt gan fis do, ⁊ aderimsi gu foireand sug na cruaiche Padruig ar ndenam siroip di isin cuis seo ⁊ a n-idroipis teasaidhe. (⁊) As eigean da n-eisi seo uili an leathar do glanadh le finegra find ana mbearbtar dubcosachiubar shleibieorna ⁊ coimilter a linedach garb da n-eisi sin don corp uili, ⁊ curthar enbraen isna suilib de, no sugh an tamaidh, no licter deathach feola uiri mairt futha ⁊ coimedadh a sron ar an deathach. 60 ITEM do-ni uisge do blath an fonaire 61 no do raib no  p.240 do bran an ni cedna arna coimilt gu minic, oir bacaid siad an drochgne do beith ar an leathar leath amuith ⁊ is uimi sin ghnathaigid na mna na tri h-uisgeada sin do gealad a n-aitheadh.

[11] A n-agaid an naemad aicid adubrumar romaind .i. a n-agaidh tirmaideachta ⁊ losgaid na teangad. 62 Dentar an bel gu meinic do nighe le h-uisge le finegra, ⁊ coimiltear sliseog crom thanaidhi don teangaid ana ndheaghaidh ⁊ glantar hi le linedach min ⁊ dentar mill bega do laeghan casia fistola do siucra ⁊ connmadh ana bel iad ⁊ is maith sin a n-agaidh lasaidh ⁊ tirmaid na teangadh; is maith dragantum arna cur a n-uisge na roisi ⁊ do fetur de sin ⁊ do caisia fistola pilloilidha do denam ⁊ is maith sin isin cuis sin ⁊ a n-algaib na teangad, ⁊ is maith in t-sail cuach faru sin. ITEM is fearr uisgi te ana cuirfither beagan finegra a nduibi ⁊ a losgadh na teangadh na an t-uisgi fuar, ⁊ is maith an caindi in gach uili tirmaidheachta mar sin.

[12] A n-agaid an .x.mad aicid da n-dubrumar .i. a n-agaidh algbainneadh na teangad 63 ⁊ an beil, ⁊ tuig gurub olc sin da dtid siad isin fiabrus roim comarta an dileaghtha ⁊ is maith da dtisidis da eisi ⁊ is leigeas  14b coitceand so orro: gab dragantum ⁊ bruigh e ⁊ cuir a n-uisgi na roisi e, ⁊ coimilter le cleite dona h-algaib iad. ITEM gab almont arna bruidh gu maith ⁊ faisg tri edach lin e ⁊ da dti sugh as coimilter dona h-algaib e ⁊ muna thi coimilter an linedach fein dib mar bes ⁊ foirid. ITEM glanaidh mil roiseaca na h-alga bis isin bel ⁊ is fearr foghnas an siucra roiseagdha a n-aghaidh na teangad ar ndul a croicind di. ITEM coimilter buighean uighe gan beith rochruaidh d'algaib an beil ⁊ foirid. ITEM gab ugh arna bearbadh gu cruaidh ⁊ cuir an sicne bis aturu ⁊ an gealan ar algaib ⁊ ar bainneadhaib an beil ⁊ foiridh, ⁊ do-ni an teinegal an ni cedna.

[13] A n-adaigh an aenmad aicid deg da ndubrumar .i. a n-aghaidh na sgeathraighe64 tig isin fiabras: tuigh da dti si tar eis comartha an dileaghtha no a tosach  p.241 na h-aicsisi nach incoisge hi, muna bia gu himarcradach guma holc an t-adbar o tig si, amail ata coileargha praisina no coilera erusilensa, 65 uair is olc an sgeatrach sin a ngach aimsir don easlainti, uair ge roib dath dub ar an sgeathraidh fedaigh si teacht cum maitisa a ndeiread fiabrais cartana no easlainte na seilge, gid ead dleaghar ann sin angaile da comfortacht le spongc66 no le fadarcan da coimilt de arna tuma a finegra no a fin te. An t-ia lerab ail gan sgeathrach do denam .i. gabadh balath neicheadh noch bacas an t-urrlugad 67, amail ata balath mintaisruibimeirsiroisi ar crothadh aigeidi orro, ⁊ balath uisge na roisi, balath arain ghoirt68 arna rostail re teine ⁊ began aigeide do crothadh air. Et itheadh maistixsidhubalcoriandra arna cur a n-aigeidnutumaiglignum aloeis, ⁊ coimilter ⁊ ceangailter na baill imeallacha gu laidir. ITEM is maith a pudar so gu coitceand a ngach uili sgeathraidh ⁊ a mbiadh as du a cur .i. gab tri ʒ de gach ni dib so .i. lignum aloeismaistixcoriandrasandaili geal, ⁊ dentar pudar dib sin.  19a ITEM foiridh campora an sgeathrach a cuis teasaidhi ⁊ in gach uili flux coileargdha, ⁊ foiridh maisdixnutumaig a ngach uili cuis fuaraidhi. ITEM is maith na baill imeallacha do teghad, uair tairrngidh an teas an t-adhbar da n-innsaidhi, ⁊ adeir Auidseanna gurub maith a fuarad a cuis teasaidhi mar is maith a tegadh a cuis fuaraidhi.

[14] ITEM dentar plasdra coitceann dona neichib seo ⁊ curthar uman gaili .i. gab mintasuormontroisaran ruadh arna rostail 69 ar smeroidib, ⁊ mad ailt a denam ni is fearr ⁊ ni is laidiri cuir sidubalmaistix trid a cuis fhuaraidhicalumus aromaticuscruelsandaili a cuis teasaidhi. ITEM gab .ʒ. do lignum aloeis ⁊ .ʒ. da nutumaig ⁊ da cainel ⁊ .ʒ. d' ainis ⁊ leath ʒ do shidubal ⁊ leath ʒ do clobus ⁊ do rois ⁊ .ʒ. do blath camamilla ⁊ .ii. ʒ do sugh uormont ⁊ da ʒ do shugh mintais ⁊ .ʒ. do cruel ⁊ mheacan maith do gailingein ⁊ began ciara mailli re h-olaidh na roisi, ⁊ is maith an plastra sin do dainib saidhbri ⁊ fedaidh an liaigh desgrideach 70 a denam don bloidh as ail leis fein dib do reir an breitheamnais is fearr do-cifear do fen. ITEM do-ni an fin ara mberbtar  p.242 masdix an dileaghad d'fhurtacht ⁊ coisgidh an sgeathrach. ITEM curtar ar lic the e no gu leagha ⁊ dentar edach lin do tuma and ⁊ curtar ar an gaili ⁊ comfortachtaidh sin gaili na ndaine neoch eirigheas a h-easlainteib fada ag na bi dileagad no algus bidh. ITEM berbtar roisuormont a n-aigeid ⁊ a n-uisgi fearthana a haithle a tuma ann ⁊ coisgidh an sgeatrach ⁊ in flux. ITEM is maith iuboiri arna losgad a n-agaid ata an gaile ⁊ na sgeathraidhi coilearghadh.

[15] A n-agaid an darna h-aicid71 .x. da n-ubramar .i. a n-aghaid easbaid brighe tochlaichi, no a n-aghaid a hainmainni is maith na neichi adubrumar isin n-aicid dereannaig .i. mar ata an plasdra coitceand ⁊ balach an arain goirt do gabail ⁊ is maith ann sin cearc arna rostail ⁊ar chrothadh uisgi na roisi uirri ⁊ clobus dithi mailli re … ⁊ is maith nutumaig ⁊ balath na roisi do gabail.  19b ITEM greannaid an pibarcas72 ⁊ an pi bar fadaan tochlugad ⁊ a n-ingnais fiabrais is maith so ⁊ is maith spica naird da mbia an aicid seo … eigean oibriugad do denam … .i. roisaran goirtuormont arna berbad a n-aigeid ⁊ a n-uisgi ⁊ a cur ar an gaileedach lin do tuma intu. ITEM seachantar an croch73 isin cuis so oir marbaid se an tothlugad. ITEM dentar sabsa do cardamomum ⁊ do sugh an mintais … iad a cuis fuaraidhi ⁊ do nutamuic ⁊ do shamad a cuis teasaidhi, ⁊ seachnadh … neichi metha ⁊ neichi raigne noch lenas … dona meraib an trath glacaiter iad.

[16] A n-agaid an treas aicid deg74 adubrumar .i. a n-agaid an allais: fech an fuil easbaidh an allais isin fiabrais no an fuil imarcaidh. Madh iumarcach e ⁊ gu cuireann se an brigh a n-anbaindi coisgther e le bolgaib 75 gabann no cearda do sedead fai ⁊ linedach do togbail suas a n-airdi ⁊ a ligean sis aris go h-oband, ⁊ gnaithigher sin gu minic do denam. ITEM neach lerab ail an t-allus do cosg na coimleadh se enraod de, oir oslaigeadh au coimilt na poiri, oir adeir Auidseanna  p.243 gu ngreandaigeand coimilt an allais an t-allas ag oslugud na poire. 76 ITEM teilgter uisgi fuar uma aghaidh ⁊ curtar a cosa a n-uisgi fuar ⁊ crothar pudar na roisi ara colaind no ar an brath lin bis fae. ITEM dentar 77 uisgi don raibi uisgi ⁊ dona cruaiche Padruig … e ⁊ coimilter edach lin dona h-aeb ⁊ don gaili sealad beg ⁊ coisgid an t-allus ⁊ adeir Auidseanna no berbtar duilleoga na darach ⁊ tabair a sugh da ol do no crothar air e ⁊ do-ni pudar na roisi an ni cedna ⁊ a crothad air. ITEM madh a dtosach na h-easlainte 78 no na h-aicisisi tig an t-allas ni nadurda e ⁊ madh tar eis comartha an dileaghtha no a sdaid na h-easlainte as lugha as olc e, oir as nadurdha and …ir nadurdha na brighe indarbtaighe ⁊ d … nadurdha an gnathaighthe, oir is gnathach don naduir allus d'inarbadh an trath sin ⁊ gid … minadurdha e do reir an adbair, oir is olc  20a … an t-easlan a fulang gu maith … air a ceili de gu ngaba an gh… Muna feda an teaslan allus do cur de 79 ⁊ gurub ail leat a tiacht dena mar adeir Auidseanna … oslugad na poiri le h-olaidh an camamilla … is i bog ⁊ leisin colaind do … an coimilt ⁊ oslaigidh na poireTabuir aindsein fin find de is e bog ⁊ … sin ⁊ tirmaiter e ⁊ curtar edach tairis … is mo furaileas an collad an t-allas … le gan collad.

[17] Furailidh an t-uisgi ara mberbtar ros lin an t-allus do tiacht ⁊ in ros fein is e te … do cur ar an gaili. ITEM curtar meirsicuimincailimentbitointeathair losa80ualobord ⁊ pairitairi 81 do berbhad a n-uisgi ⁊ curtar a soitheach uma ⁊ a mairille craind 82 iad re cosaib an easlain ⁊ cludaither e gu maith ⁊ connmhadh a anal fon edach no go dena allus. ITEM berbtar luibi teasaidhi and da crocan criadh arna folach gu maith ⁊ dentar da poll doib isin leabaid ina cuirfither iad ⁊ laigead an t-easlan atarru, ⁊ beantar a  p.244 folach doib ⁊ do-nid sin an t-allas. ITEM curtar luibi teasaidhi da mbearbad a crocan ⁊ curtar feadan fada on chrocan … e an leabaid ana mbia an t-easlan ⁊ do-ni … allus. 83

[18] ITEM curtar pudar cuimin ⁊ ola tri na cheili ⁊ tum olann inntu ⁊ cuir sin um bonnmaidib ⁊ ar … tumandandaib an easlain a leabaidh te ⁊ furailid an t-allas. ITEM berbtar peiletracalamintros neantoige a n-olaidh no gebe acu do gebtar ⁊ coimilter don corp uili e ⁊ do beir sin an t-allas. 84

[19] A n-agaid an ceathramad aicid deg da n-dubrumar .i. a n-aghaidh flux fola na srona85 … mor is infechsana 86 ara shon sin … a cuisi ar dtus ⁊ a comartadha andsein ⁊ a taisgelta andsein ⁊ a leigeas fa deoigh. IS mor do cuisib on dentar an easlainte seo .i. o imarcraidh na fola no ona seimideacht no ona geiri no ona h-uisgeamlacht do-nither hi a leith na mball .i. mar ata fiuchad na fola ar son teasbaidh na n-ae no ar son dumaidh na seilge an uair nach fedand si an fuil reamur  20b do gabail cuice, no ar son fiuchaidh na fola isin chorp uili, mar bis isin crith ger ⁊ da dti an flux a tosach na h-easlainte ni nadurdha sin ⁊ da dti se tar eis na sdaidi so-fhaothugad tig ⁊ uair and tig se o umarcaid in cind ⁊ uair ele o linad an cind no o rema ⁊ uair ele ar son tanacht no edluis na cuislean isin sroin, ⁊ uair eili ar son sgoltaigh no oslaice no loisgte amail teagmaim isin lubra, ⁊ uair ele ar son briste airtiread87 na h-inchindi ⁊ is annam leighistear sin, ⁊ uair ele tre fhastadh na fola noch do gnathaigh sileadh tre cuisleannaib na timtirechta no an mbreith no tri gnathugad na cuisleann do ligean, ⁊ uair ele ar son biadhann nger do chaitheam, amail atait uindeamainlusgairleog, ⁊ neithi furaileas ar an fuil fiuchadh do denam mar ata feoil lachanghanndal, ⁊ uair ele ar son neici mbruidearnach nger do cur isin sroin amail ata guairi muice no le tochas eigeantach, ⁊ uair ele tar eisi na brighi indarbthaighe no ar son anbainni na brighi fasdothaigh, ⁊ cuirid Isidorus aenni coitceann .i. gurub eigean in gach uili easlainte adhbardha tri neichi do smuaineadh .i.  p.245 lindbrighball, ⁊ da reir na tri neicheadh sin athraither cuisi, ⁊ signidh ⁊ leageas na h-easlainte no bacaither iad no do-nither. (sic) 88

[20] Fecham anois do sighnib na h-easlainte seo, madh o iumad fola derge do-nither hi beith an puls is e lan ⁊ an fual tuigh derg. Madh o uisgeamlacht bes, biaidh an aghaidh is ⁊ ban ag dul cum datha luaighe ⁊ saillsighidh folad na folasain. 89 Mad o geiri na fola biaidh an aghaidh is i buidhi ⁊ tig an dortadh fola mailli re bruidearnaigh ⁊ mailli re losgadh 90, indus gurub beg na tig si guna mothugad. Madh o iumarcraid fola derge beth an aghaidh is i dearg.

[21] Madh ona h-aeib is on leith deis sileas. Madh on t-seilg is on leith cle sileas, oir gebe leath o sileand taisbenaidh tromdacht an leatha sin ⁊ is mar sin do teindeas an chind. Madh o faethogad sighnighter sin o easlainte do beith roime ⁊ gurub a la an faethaighthe mailli re h-edrumagad an fhothair. Mad ar son rema an cind a cuis teasaidhi is moidi thig sin ⁊ beith an ceann is e te re glacadh ⁊ an aghaidh gu derg no gu buidhi mailli re mialgas bidh 21a re saint dighe air. Mad o rema fuar tig, a contrardha sin is comarta ann. Mad ar son edluis no tearcacht na cuisleann isin sroin 91 ni fuil da loigead cuis mina sileann ⁊ bith leathar an cuirp is e tanaidhi ⁊ is furusa a sgoltadh, ⁊ garbaid an gaeth fuar tirim e ⁊ tig si o tshraeghaid ann sin ⁊ a coimilt na srona gu laidir ⁊ teagaim sin gu minic a lucht na lubra ⁊ isin lucht bis ullam cuice. Madh iad na h-airtireadha bristear isin inncinn, tig an fuil and sin mailli re leimnidh ⁊ bith sisi cubranach dondnderg. 92

[22] Mad o fosdadh na fola do cleacht sileadh tig si, no tre easbaidh baill eigean, 93 do gebtar a fis ag an easlan ⁊ ar an corugad cedna do fetar a fis d'fhagbail uatha fein mad da caithidar biadha gera mar adubrumar. Madh o neart na brighi innarbtaidhi tig, do geib an t-easlan etrumagudh le. Mad o anbainne na brighi fasdothaidhi tig ni faghann edromugudh le ⁊ aithnither sin trid na  p.246 h-easlaintib ana raibi se ag sileadh na fola mar adeir Auidseanna.

[23] Labrum anois do taisgeltaib na h-easlainte seo, oir adeir Auidseanna gurub e faethugad is geiri ⁊ is neasa do sgaramain na h-easlainte re neach flux fola na srona, oir tig innarbad na h-easlainte a ceadoir da h-eis ⁊ flux fola an meadhoin annsein ⁊ sgeatrach andsein ⁊ fual andsein ⁊ allus andsein ⁊ na neasgoide tig tre faetugad annsein. Et adeir Auidseanna aris gu traethann flux fola na srona adhbar na h-easlainteadh luamneach gu minic ⁊ tig slainte a ceadoir da heis. (⁊) Adeir gu gcrichnaither neasgoid droma na nac tre flux fola na srona don leith deis no tre allus no tre fual mar crichnaither an neasgoid bis ar an leath asdeach dona h-aeb tre flux an meadhoin no tre allus no tre sgeatraig. (⁊) Adeir gu crichnaither causon gu minic tre flux fola na srona no tre allus, gidh eadh an fiabras do-nither o neasgoid an chind ni crichnaither tre flux na srona no no 94 neasgoid na sgaman na litairgia ⁊ uair ann crichnaither an neasgoid cleib tre flux fola na srona95 ⁊ is trid aithnither gu crichnaither causon  21b96 tre flux fola na srona
tri fogar do beith isin cluais ⁊ tre bi …
il moir do beith fona asnach …
gan teinneas ⁊ o chuimgi anala an …
an naduir an t-adhbar cug na mball uachtarach ⁊ aithinter e o lasadh an cind …
⁊ o aislingtib teintighe d'fhaicsin …
deirge na sul ⁊ na h-aithe ⁊ o bruth do beith fon sroin. (⁊) Cuirid Ipocraid da comarta ele as …
srona ann sin .i. teinneas an edain
faiceand do gnath ainminteagha dul …
nam no ag siubal no ag eteallaighe …
is coirmilta ⁊ gu h-airithe isin neach bis leath asdig do .u. bliadan deg …
gurub iumdha ni fu…
gurub tren an brigh ⁊ gurub …
noch na fedand f…
maith doib fuil op te 97
Et is trid sin aithnither o teinneas an cind …
 p.247 raodaib ele duba da thaisenadh …
siubal roime no ag eiteallaigh ⁊ tig …
chleib ⁊ an bel ichtarach ar …
iadh isan agaidh a doilicaitidh (?) …
ar an aghaidh. (⁊)

[24] Adeir Auidseanna an trath nach crichnaither an fiabras sin tre flux fola na srona
gu crichnaither a n-allus98 ⁊ bid …
an fiabras an trath sin; ⁊ an phuls go tondmar
⁊ an leathar is e braen … arna glacad
⁊ an fual gu hard ag dul cum ringeacht ⁊ bi
fasdadh ar an fual ⁊ ar an fearadh ⁊ do …
aisligntib dabach ⁊ fotrugud ⁊ gu h-airithe …
isna h-easlaintib raigni fada, ⁊ an uair bi an fiabras rotren ⁊ an brigh laidir mailli re comartaib maithe ele tig an faethugad tre allus. Madh uilidhi an easlainte bhu huilidi an t-allus ⁊ madh rannaigh bhadh rannaidhi 99 an t-allus mad docum maitheasa tig. (⁊)

[25] Aderim gurub uatha so do-nither an faethugad .i. flux fola na sronasgeatrachallusfearadhseileneasgoidfual. Madh trid an fual do-nither an faethugad bidh fasdadh ar an allus ⁊ ar an fearadh ⁊ ar flux fola na srona, oir an trath medaither enni dib seo laigditer  22a
loigditer aenni medaither …
Bit tromdacht isin les ann sin ⁊ lasadh isin ball ferdha  p.248 ⁊ reime isin fual. Mad on fearadh do-nither an faethugad bidh fasdadh ar an fual ⁊ ar an sgeathraigh ⁊ ar a comartaib ann … bruidearnach isin meadhon gu leir ⁊ tromdacht ina iachthar ⁊ gairfeadhachat fana cliabanaib 100comarta berbta moir ana fearadhgairfeadhach ag claechmodh cum teindis an droma. Ni tic faetugad trid an seile acht a n-easlainte na sgaman no an ochta. ITEM do reir Isag ni tic dri uch ⁊ an greann ⁊ flux fola na srona is …
donither a n-aeineacht iad isin crith gher
driuch sin ⁊ an greann an t-adhbar …
na soitigib masead …
srona an t-adhbar do …
maseadh an trath …
ge da na faethaitib hi …
the do reir an fothair …
as eigean do teacht di an …
easlainte ⁊ gur taisen an fual comarta dileaghtha roime, is mailli re flux fola na srona sin ⁊ geallaidh slainte. Da dti la in faethaithe ⁊ gan acht began do …
is mo na fedann an brigh du …
is baeghlach ⁊ gu h-airithe da …
na h-easlainte no roim comarta an …
sin adeir Isag nach inmolta an fuil, as an sroin an dara la don easlainte, oir as cuis eagla hi uair is o geire …
iumarcaidh tig ⁊ o olcas na h-easlainte ⁊ ni ho …
follamnugad na nadurha. (⁊)

[26] Gidh eadh da dti si la an faethaithe is maith hi lo ata si gan …
teinneas mailli re hedromugad ⁊ is d'iumarcaidh in treas dileaghtha hi mar adeir Auidseanna an uair bis ni is mo and di na mar rigid na baill a leas ⁊ ni mar sin ata dan fuil tig tri cuisleannaib na timtireachta ⁊ trid an ball ferrda, ⁊ fecham ar son an focail adeir Ipocraid: an fuil teid suas is olc hi ⁊ is fir sin madh tar an mbel teid ⁊ an fuil teid sis tig si gan olc madh dubh hi, is fir sin mad trid an mbreith no tre cuisleannaib  22b na timtirachta tig si, oir is inadh don treas dileagad sin ⁊ is d'imarcaidh an treas dileagad hi ⁊ ni fuil treas dileagad comlan uirri acht ullmugad 101 cum a h-innarbta tre shligtib nadurdha ⁊ trid sin ata red eigin minadurdha innte do reir Gailigen. ITEM adeir Auidseanna gurub iad daine is ullma cum flux fola na srona an lucht ana treisi lind ruadh ⁊ dath buidhi orra ⁊ fuil teim inntu ⁊ furtachtaidh iad an trath na sileann acht gu measardha ⁊ an trath shileas gu hiumarcach is baeghlach anbaindi na n-aeatcomall ⁊ easlainteadha as cosmail ru do  p.249 teacht, ⁊ bidh buidhecht intu nis mo na mar da gnathaidhidar no dath an luaighe no riabchi o buidheacht ⁊ o duibi 102 ⁊ iumarcaid truaighi ⁊ bidh fuaraidacht isna ballaib imeallachaib ge fastaiter fa deoigh hi. ITEM is mor in faetugad isna h-easlaintib gera flux fola na srona ⁊ gu h-airithe isin bolgaigh ⁊ isin bruitinigh. ITEM fedaig flux fola na srona teacht cum maithisa gu ceann ceitri punt 103 acht muna ti gu h-oband ⁊ gu luaimneach ⁊ da neacha tar .xx. punt no tara .iiii. xx.id ni fedann beith mailli re beathaidh ⁊ da mbeiri cum anbainni cridhi e is comarta bais, oir adeir Gailigen “a duine eagnaidh mothaidh na gaba anbaindi craidhi t'othar fad lamaib” 104 ⁊ da dti dath ban no riabach no dath an luaige no dath uaine a ndiaidh an fhluxa sin is comarta bais, acht gu mbeid na baill imeallacha ar fuaradh mailli ru sin adeir Gailigen.

[27] Labrum anois da leigeasaib na h-easlainte seo 105 ⁊ as eigen ceitri nechi cuige sin: an cedni dib, an drochcoimplex d'atharrach ⁊ uisgeamlachtgeire na fola do sgaramain ria. An darna ni, an fuil da tarrang chum na cos isa cuis seo. An treas ni, na slighthe trina dteid si isin n-edan ⁊ isna h-airgib do ceangal innas na sile si triuthu. An ceathramad ni, oibriugad randaidhe do dhenam da cosg ⁊ is mor iarthar cuige sin amail adubrumar romaind. Comlintar 106 an cedni dib sin le biadhaib ⁊ le deochaib fuaraidi do reir leighis mar ata sumagairneadha bega  23apereadha arna fuaradh a sneachta ⁊ smera anaibchi arna tirmagad ⁊ cruach Padruig ⁊ a cosmailli gemmadh a potaitsi no gebe h-innas ara tiubartar iad, no da ndoirti ni dib isin sroin, no da ndearntai fothrugad a n-uisgi ⁊ se fuar tar eis a mberbti sin and ⁊ suighe and no da cuirthi plasdra arna h-aeb dona neichib fuara gu firinneach .i. mar ata aigeid no sug na cruaiche Padruig no in midhaigh no na gafainne ⁊ gu h-airithe da tumtar edach lin intu sin ⁊ a cur arna h-aeb no ar an seilg, madh uatha tig si ⁊ arna h-uirgib107 agna fearaib ⁊ arna cichib agna mnaib ⁊ arna ballaib imeallachaib ⁊ mar sin aga n-atharrach tar eis a ceili, ⁊ dentar sin mailli re  p.250 glicus na deachadh a rofuaraideacht ⁊ is maith an leigheas so arna h-uirgib ⁊ arna cichib isin meisge ⁊ a n-easbaidh ceilli ⁊ a flux (fola) na srona ⁊ na breithe. ITEM da ndoirter moran d'uisgi fuar gu h-oband ar an agaidh, reamraidh ⁊ coisgid an fuil.

[28] An darna ni adubrumar tuasana .i. in fuil da tarraing cum na cos, gcoimlintar e le ceang laidir da thabairt arna cosaib mailli re cuislind do ligean asa laim is sia on leath don t-sroin asa sileand an fuil ⁊ madh eigean leagar cuisle an cind do as an laim as neasa don leath o sileann in fuil muna foghna began di, legar hi no gu tinnsgna anbainne do gabail acht gu ti an ais ⁊ an coimplex ⁊ na neichi rannaidhi ele le ceile, ⁊ curtar adharc108 arna h-aeb madh isin leath shroin deis tig an fuil ⁊ ar an seilg madh isin leath shroin cle, ⁊ da dti uatha ar aen curthar ara leith asdigh dona cosaib ⁊ arna luirgnib ⁊ arna sliastaib ⁊ muna coisgid sin hi curtar adharc idir an da (na) shlinnen mailli re fuiliugad anband, dentar comailt laidir arna ballaib imeallacha ⁊ ar uirgib na fer ⁊ ar cichib na mban ⁊ ara n-dearnannaib ⁊ ara m-bonnaib.

[29] Comlintar an treas ni adubrumar le neichib fuara sdipeagdha do coimilt don edan ⁊ dona h-airgib amail ata ros ⁊  23b a sil ⁊ mill na darachbolus109 fuil dreagainailimmirrasugh duilleog na saileach ⁊ sugh duilleog na finemna ⁊ is mar seo 110 oibrighimsi leo so .i. ni eigin dib …
⁊ ni is mo do gabail ⁊ geal uighte no bainni cich no ni eigein do cur trid ⁊ edach lin da tuma and ⁊ a cur ar an edan ⁊ arna h-airgib ⁊ ceanglaidh 111 sin iad no do fedaither oibriugad do denam leisin n-gafaind amain, ⁊ na leg in ceangal sin and no gu cruaghaidhi gu leir, oir do cuimgeochadh se gu romor na slighthe ⁊ dubad (?) cuis don teinneas 112 sin ⁊ do tarrongad an teinneas an t-adhbar cum an inadh sin ni is mo acht an trath as ail, athraithear ⁊ coimilter bainne cich de ⁊ curtar air aris e …
an trath as ailt da eis.

 p.251

[30] An ceathramad ni aerdha 113 Adubrumar romaind .i. oibriugad rannaidhi do denam do cosg na fola ⁊ coimlintar e le .u. neichib .i. le neichib ceanglas 114 mar ghlae ⁊ le neichib sdipeaga ⁊ le neichib fuaras ⁊ le neichib togas lesa 115 ⁊ doirsi ar an mball ⁊ le neichib aga fuil do dileas an fuil do cosg. Comlintar an cedni dib seo le deanna 116 na mini bis isin muileann ⁊ le lin an damhain allaith le gealan uighe ⁊ le pic ⁊ le tuis ⁊ lena n-deatach ⁊ le cac asail ⁊ le binid ⁊ le finnfad mil, oir coisgidh se an fuil gebe hinadh asa dtig ge mad mar plasdra curtar ar an inadh asa dtig no ge madh e a shedeadh do dhentar isin sroin, madh aisde dig, ⁊ mothaigh na bia cosa an damain allaith na ball da ballaib ameasg na neicheadh so, oir da mbiadh do millfeadh an neach re cuirfi. 117 An darna ni rannaidhi adubrumar romaind .i. na neichi sdipeaca adubrumar iad isin treas ni aerda iarthar cum an leigis is na cuisi seo. An treas ni randaidhi adubrumar .i. na neichi fuaras .i. neiche iadsein furaileas, ar an fuil techtadh 118 mar ata camporasugh na gafainde ⁊ in foboil119 ⁊ an foipinlosa na leadhan120 ⁊ is sdipeagda leis he.

[31]  24a An ceatramad ni randaidi adubrumar .i. na neiche togbas lesach, coimlintar e le hael ⁊ uma arna losgadh ⁊ blath an uma no coipiros, oir is inand sin ⁊ dentar mair seo riu .i. gab … ʒ de gach ni dib seo .i. ael ⁊ tuisfuil dreagaingealan uige gu lor ⁊ curtar ar an inadh asa sileann in fuil ⁊ gan doras do denam isna feichib na gealan do cur orro, oir da cuirfeadh a rofuaraideacht iad. COMLINTAR an .u. ni randaidhi adubrumar le gnathugad incinneadh cearc … dithe ⁊ gu h-airithe an trath tig sileadh na srona o airtirib na hincinne ⁊ is maith sugh losaagainnicolumpin do dortadh isin sroincac muice 'se tirim no 'se fliuch ⁊ a balath do gabail.

[32] Is mair seo oibrigimsi leo so .i. le neichib glanas an ceann ⁊ le neichib seidither isin sroin ⁊ le neichib coimilter  p.252 dhi ⁊ le neichib ghabtar balath ⁊ le neichib lintar hi. 121 Glantar an inchind leo so .i. sugh na cruaiche Padruiglus na leadan morcampora arna mbrudh gu maith mailli re h-uisgi na cruaiche Padruigsugh caca muici 'se hur do cur inte, oir da connac mar nar foghain leigeas ele a n-aghaid dortadh fola gur coisg pudar do cac muici air na cur isin cneidh he. Gaib tuisfindfadh mil arna gearra gu min ⁊ gealan uighe ⁊ curtar trid na ceili iad no gu meid mar thighe meala ⁊ curthar lin an damain allaidh no cadas maille riu sin ⁊ curthar isin sroin iad no madh cneadh hi curtar ceirin ina timcheall dib ⁊ licther greas do laethib gan atharrach e, uair is maith sin a ngach uili dortadh fola gebe cneadh ona mbiadh acht gu fetur ceirin do cur ria. ITEM is maith sugh losa ana cuirfiter pudar mintaislin an damain allaith no deannac mine muillind ⁊ is maith sugh duilleog an losa ⁊ na neantoige arna cur imeasg a ceili no blaesg uigeadh arna losgad ⁊ dub ⁊ mill na darach trid. Is iad so na neiche curtar le h-anail122 isin sroin .i. blaesg uigeadh arna mbrugh gu min ⁊ rois ⁊ mirr ⁊ seiditer tri feann isin sroin iad ⁊ duntar an t-sron feadh en uair amain ⁊ an ni tuitfeas cum an beil de curtar amach he. ITEM an fuil shilfeas as tirmaither ar slind te hi ⁊  24b seiditer an pudar isin sroin hi ⁊ duntar an sron ⁊ ardaither an ceann ⁊ do-ni sugh caca na muc an ni cedna. IS iad so na neiche coisgeas an fuil mailli re comilt .i. gab leath unsa do min ponairi ⁊ .ii. ʒ d'fuil dreagaingealan uighesugh cruaiche Padraiglus an sparain ⁊ cuir edach lin intu no dentar plasdra dib ar in edan ⁊ arna h-airgib, oir ni abraim acht a chormilt an trath tumthar edach lin ann ⁊ plasdra an trath curthar a foladh reamar thiugh and ⁊ do fedaither mar sin a denam do duilleogaib na saileach ⁊ na fineamnach ⁊ in losa. IS iad so na neiche coisgeas fuil na srona lena mbalath 123 do gabail .i. cac muici 'se hur no 'se tirim arna losgadh ⁊ a deathach do gabail ⁊ do-ni cac na muici allaith124 an ni cedna. ITEM loisg plaesgach uigheadh le caindill ⁊ a balath do gabail ⁊ foiridh. IS iad so na neiche coisgeas fuil na srona le linadh 125 .i. an bel do linadh le h-uisgi fuar ⁊  p.253 a connmail and gu fada ⁊ an t-sron do dhunadh ⁊ a linadh le cadas126 no le blath saileach no le h-edach ndub arna tuma a sugh an curradain127 ⁊ a ndub, oir ni du do sin edach dearg d'fhaicsin, oir do furailfeadh se am fuil sileadh.

[33] Da dti fuil na srona mailli re teinneas cind no baill ele coisgthar an teinneas ar dtus le h-olaidh do-nither do camamilla no do ros no do ni is cosmail riu, oir ni fuil ni is urcoidi nas mo furaileas ar an fuil sileadh na an teinneas ⁊ adeir Galienus128 nach du neiche fuara do cur reisin mball o sileann an fuil muna hiumpaiter cum ball ele ar dtus hi mailli re ceangal na m-ball imeallach no le h-adhairc gan fuiliugad do cur fona cichib ⁊ is romaith ann sin na luirgne do ceangal ⁊ na sliasda gu cruaidh ⁊ na uirgi ⁊ na cluasa agna fearaib ⁊ na cluasa guna mnaibh. ITEM coisgidh uisgi fuar dol gu h-oband sileadh na fola madh o dasacht na fola tig ⁊ curtar adharc mailli re fuiliugad ar cul an cind ⁊ gan fuiliugad fa cich an leithe o sileann an fuil, ⁊ licter began fola a cuislind an cind asa leith cedna. (⁊ ) IS iad biadha is imcubaidh a cuis teasaidhi a n-uabar fola ⁊ ana comcumasg re linn ruadh .i. caisi ur fliuch, oir furailidh an seanchaisi ar an fuil silead ⁊ coisgid  25a bainne arna berbadh no gu tiughaidhi gach uili sileadh fola do-nither o fiuchadh na fola, ⁊ uair and is olc neiche goirte inte, maseadh na caitear acht beagan dib. ITEM is maith uighe arna mbearbabh ⁊ arna mbriseadh ⁊ arna inberbabh a n-uisgi ann ⁊ raisi129bainne almont, oir anbainniter an brigh a ngach uili flux acht gu madh mor e ⁊ an lucht ara mbi dortadh fhola o dtuitim no o bualadh caitheadh inchinneadha cearc ⁊ moran dib ⁊ gu minic ⁊ madh anbund an brigh ibeadh began d'fhin mailli re h-uisgi, oir ni du moran dol de acht munba sdipeaca e ⁊ da fedaither a denam sdipeaca mailli re h-ealadhain madh ail .i. mill na darachroislus an sparain130 do berbadh and ⁊ iarann te do muchadh gu minic and no a n-uisge cuirfiter and.

[34] Da duite an fuil cum an gaili no cum na sgaman ⁊ gu techtfa si and sin da fetar a h-indarbabh mailli re sgeatraigh noch do-niter le mil ⁊ le sugh meirsi ⁊ le h-uisgi te no le h-aigeid ar cur uisgi te trithe ⁊ ibeadh ana deochannaib ⁊ ana bolgamaib iad ⁊ sealad aturru, oir adeir  p.254 Galienus gu sgaileann sin an fuil techtas isin sgaman ⁊ adeir Auidseanna gurub beg nach neimh an fuil techtas isin gaili ⁊ trid sin is eigean leigheas aibeil 131 do denam uirri sul techtas si an trath moitheochair gu sileann si sis, oir adeir Galienus an trath bis fuil isin corp leth amuith da n-innadh fein gu niumpaigeann si cum silidh no cum truaillnidh ele, dentar maseadh clisdiri tren do ana racha sugh losacalamintdedga, oir tairrngidh sin an fuil ⁊ curtar edach ar an gaili arna tuma a fin te, ⁊ da techta si ibeadh fin te ⁊ siroip aigeidite132 ⁊ aithnither an fuil do techta trid an puls do beith go ro-anband ⁊ tri fuaraidhecht do beith isin corp ⁊ tri atmairecht isin gaili ⁊ tri anbainne an cridhi an trath do cifither na comartadha sin dentar na leighis sin a cedoir do innus na dteacha dég 133 gu h-oband.

[35] Fecham anoisi na h-urcoisg noch foireas an dortadh fola: eirigh gu n-uig an inadh ana fasand lus an sparain ⁊ abair tri h-Aue Maria ⁊ tri Paidreacha ar do gluinib ann ⁊ an fearsa so 134 .i. Guidhmid tu a Thigearna innus gu foiri tu an dortadh fola so ata ar do banoglach no ar t'oglach fein  25b noch {} trid fhuil na sail fein ⁊ aga radh sin duit boin an lusradh fein ⁊ madh ail leat a do de do buain abair mar sin guma dho ⁊ madh ailt nis mo abair no mar sin ⁊ cuir an lusradh um braigid antia o sileand an fuil andsein no uman mball o sileand ⁊ da mbia comnaidhi air ann gan cuntabairt coigidh an fuil ⁊ madh ailt gan an lusradh d'aithne bris gu maith e ⁊ cuir asteach e fo braighid anti o sileann an fuil ⁊ coisgid. 135 ITEM is inand brigh don lusradh sin ⁊ da sugh ge madh mar emplasdra no arna coimilt no arna ol bias ⁊ da connmair ad laim e ⁊ a fechain ⁊ a balath do gabail fod tshron an trath thilfeas an fuil ⁊ foiridh. ITEM do-ni an perbingc136 arna cognum an ni cedna. ITEM do-ni prema na neantoige an ni cedna. ITEM curthar braen don fuil tsileas ar cruaidh no ar  p.255 ingingain 137 ⁊ mar tindsgnas tirmugad tinnsgnaidhi an fuil cosg ⁊ mar tirmaidheas uili coisgidh an fuil uili acht muna thi si o briseadh cuisleann no airtiri ⁊ ibeadh sil pibracais 138 ann sin ⁊ foiridh. ITEM curtar buigheacan uighe arna rosdail gu cruaid isin scroin ⁊ foiridh.

[36] ITEM da mbe dortadh fola o chneidh gab cuideoga ⁊ curtar ar slind te iat da tirmugad ⁊ dentar pudar dib ⁊ lin an cneadh d'edach lin gu laidir ⁊ dib sin ⁊ coisgidh. ITEM curtar an pudar cedna sin ⁊ tuisgealan uighe trina ceili ar an edan ⁊ arna h-airgib ⁊ coisgidh fuil na srona. ITEM do-ni findfadh mil arna miniugad gu min mailli re gealan uighe an ni cedna. ITEM an fuil noch sileas tre faethugad tuig nach du a cosg acht muna thi si gu ro-imarcach. ITEM coisgid duilleoga na h-eillindi arna cur mar flasdra gach uili dortadh fola.

[37] Fecham anois cum na neiche 139 noch furaileas ar fuil na srona sileadh, mar is eigean in uair bis in naduir gu leasg cum an faethaithe do denam tri fuil na srona, gab guaire muice ann sin ⁊ curtar gu h-eigintach isin sroin ⁊ oslaigidh sin na cuisleanna. ITEM curtar mathair thalman140 gan brudh isin sroin ⁊ furailidh sileadh ar an fuil ⁊ ibh hi no gab a balath ⁊ coisgid. ITEM curtar neantog isin sroin ⁊ do-ni si alga inte ⁊ coimil  26a {}ige don edan ⁊ dona h-airgib141 ⁊ coisgidh an fuil. Et da tochasair an t-sron dod tinginib leth asdig ⁊ dath dearg fechain duit greannaigh an fhuil. ITEM connmadh an anal gu laidir ⁊ ceangailter an muinel ⁊ silidh an fuil ⁊ seachnaid an lucht bias ullumh cum sginainnsia sin … greannaigh suurbund142 arna cur isin sroin an fuil. Coisgidh sugh na ruibi arna cur isin sroin in fuil ⁊ da sedthear pudar inte greannaigh an fuil. ITEM coisgidh pudar edaigh duib ⁊ clum cearca caille143 gach dortadh fola mailli re ceangal maith.

[38] A n-agaid aicidi ele da ndubrumar .i. a n-agaid rotruime an codalta 144 tig trid an fiabras sin ⁊ tuig gurub du comradh ard do denam ana fiadhnaisi sin ⁊ na baill  p.256 imeallacha do ceangal gu cruaidh le neichib ara cuirfiter snadhmanna iumdha bhus 145 deacair do sgaileadh ⁊ coimilter a buind ⁊ a dearnanna ⁊ faisgter a sron ⁊ tarraingter a folt ⁊ faisgther gu cruaidh meir a cos ⁊ a lamh ⁊ tabair clisdiri ger do ⁊ curtar adharc idir an da hlinnen ⁊ loisgter folt duine arna gearradh ⁊ gabadh a balath ⁊ gluaister an ceann do gnath. ITEM coimilter folt duine arna gearradh gu min don edan ⁊ dona h-airgib ⁊ a cur tre finegra ⁊ bacaidh an codladh. ITEM curtar craidhi no suil sbideoige uchtdeirge 146 fo cind adhairt an fothair ⁊ fa braighid ⁊ ni choideoladh. ITEM furaihdh domblas mil arna tabairt ar fin an codladh ⁊ do-ni sal cluaisi con mailli re fin an ni cedna, ⁊ duiscidh an aigeid lucht an codalta sin. ITEM curtar pibar isin sroin duraileam sreghaidhi ⁊ edach loisge no cleite loisge ⁊ tumthar cleite circe a finegra ⁊ dingthar co domain isin sroin e ⁊ duisgidh sin an loeht aga mbind an neasgoid re n-abar litairgia no subeth no codladh rotrom 147 uair is inann sin, no an lucht aga mbind muchadh na breithe no anbainde cridhi.

[39] Labruim anoisi don cuigedh ni oireadha adubrumar 148 a dtosach na h-easlainte seo .i. d'aileamain  26b bidh ⁊ dighe lucht an fiabrais ⁊ is eigean neiche coitceanna da gach uile fiabras d'fhechain cuige sin .i. na se neiche nach nadurdha .i. mar ata aer ⁊ biadh ⁊ gluasacht ⁊ linadh ⁊ gairdeachas ⁊ colladh. (⁊) Tuig ma samradh and ⁊ an t-aeir is e te gurub du a claechmodh le duilleogaib saileachfineamhnach ⁊ le blath ruibi uisgi ⁊ le h-uisgi fuar arna dortadh ar fud an tighe. Et mad geimreadh and ⁊ an t-aer is e fuar fliuch as du a tirmugad do denam le teinidh gan deathach ⁊ na bidh fear an fiabrais a ngairi di ⁊ gabtar deathach neicheadh n-deadhbalaith ar fud an tighe, mar ata tuis da mbia rema arin othar no da mbe an t-aer is e nellach buaidhirthe. Et madh fuaraidhi tirim an t-aer is du teine mor do denam do connadh fuindseann ⁊ a sgaileadh a ceadoir na rothirmaidheadh sin an teach. Et os oband 149 marbas an t-aer truaillnithe trina dtig an flaidh an lucht bis ullum cuice, trid sin a truaillneadh na leandand mailli reis  p.257 in drochaer ge madh shamradh no geimreadh and is maith comtrom tri ngrainne no ceathair gach lae do gabail do campora.

[40] An darna ni nach nadurda adubrumar romaind .i. biadh ⁊ tuig do reir Ipocraid gurub biadha fliucha is maith in gach uili fiabras ge madh mo chintaigheas se do reir a theasaidheachta no do reir a tirmaidheachta gidh eadh o tirmaidheas gach teas an uair bis se gu fada ⁊ o dani an fliuchaidheacht an teas sin do muchadh mar geraigheas an tirmaidheacht hi trid sin is biadha fliucha is maith no is fearr intu. (⁊) Tuig ge ta fiabras fliuchaidhi gu hadhbardha and .i. mar ata sinocuscoididiana, gidh eadh is teasaidhi tirim gach fiabras ⁊ trid sin is biadha fuaraidhi fliucha is maith doib. (⁊) Tuig ara hon sin gu mbind biadh reamar ⁊ biad seim ⁊ biadh meadhonach ⁊ fogailter an biadh ramar, uair bidh biadh is reime na sin ann ⁊ biadh roreamar, ⁊ bidh biadh seim ann ⁊ biadh is seime na sin ⁊ biadh roseim ⁊ bidh biadh meadhonach ann ag dul cum reimhe ⁊ do reir Auidseanda. Et adeir se gurub he  27a is biadh reamar gacha dirgha and biadh na ndaineadh slan noch na denann enchuid. Et adeir Ipocraid gu dabar biadh dona dainibh slana o da modhaib .i. ag coimed do reir a ngnathaithchi no ag medugad, innas gu comfurtachtaidhi se an brigh, meideochaid maseadh an biadli reamar an brigh da ndileaghtar gu maith e, ⁊ coimedfaid an biadh measardha ⁊ laighdeochaid an biadh seim ⁊ trid sin ni foghnaid siad dona dainib slana acht do lucht na n-easlainte nger mar a ndligheann in brigh cinelach laigdithe do denam, uair ni le moran do biadha reamra dleagar a coimed. Maseadh da mbia easlainte and is coir do crichnugad an treas la no an ceatramadh la da fuilnge an brigh he na tabair acht biadha rosheimi inte ⁊ ni mor nach inand sin ⁊ gan enred da tabairt inte ⁊ da faidighi an easlainte gu n-uig an .iii.mad la reamraither e ni is mo acht gu dti an ais ⁊ an aimsear ⁊ an gnathugad le ceili. (⁊) Gidh eadh adeir Auerroes nach inand ordaither biadh dona dainib anois ⁊ roime seo ar son a nghinaidhi 150, oir is e is biadh roseim ann ana thir sin .i. uisgi eorna ⁊ mir 151 arna nighe  p.258 a h-uisgi te mar meid da unsa no a tri ar an lucht aga fuil coimplex teasaidhi ⁊ do gnathaidh biadh da caitheam gu madh dho no gu madh tri isin lo ni fedaidh siad gorta d'fhulang, gidh eadh an lucht aga mbind coimplex fuaraidhi ⁊ gnathaigeas began bidh da chaitheamh ⁊ iad gu sean fedaid gorta d'fhulang, oir adeir Ipocraid gurub urusa leisna dainib seana cedlongad d'fhulaing ⁊ an lucht aga mbind teinneas cind ⁊ gaili ni fedaid siad gan urcoid do beith gu fada a n-egmais bidh ar son comceangail an dana ball sin re ceili. 152 IS cora maseadh biadha reamra da tabairt do lucht an fiabrais na haimsire seo na do lucht na seanaimsiri .i. ceinelach potaitsi arna denam do coirce no d'eorna ⁊ cearca ⁊ ein cearc, ⁊ na tabair ein cholum doib, oir is deacair a ndileaghad ⁊ is fada bid isin gaili do reir Auidseanna ⁊ da fetar cuilis153 do denam dib sin no pastae 154 ⁊ ⁊ na caitheadh an t-aran bis umpo na fhetar na neiche sin da rosdail madh aimsir  27b gheimridh and ⁊ an fiabras do beith o linn find beantar dib na neiche loisge bis leth amuith dib. 155

[41] Et ni mholaim cosa na muc da tabairt inte ann … gu fetar potaitsi do denam dib, 156 uair is cruaidh raighin a fhola ar son a fheithidi, ceadaither a dtabairt mailli re h-aigeid gumadh geiridhi an tochlugad, uair cuiridh beagan dibh ar lucht na h-easlainte aga n-ithe ⁊ trid sin is beg an urcoid, oir is beg caitear dib, oir tairsitear a cedoir iad. Ni mo molaim fos na h-ein bega inte mar atait na finseoga157 a n-ingnais gu fedaiter pastaethadha do denam dib ⁊ dona pertrisi ⁊ dona henaib aga mbid guib fada 158 ⁊ dona h-enaib lathach 159 aga mbid cosa sgoiltithe ⁊ do chailchib feadha160, is maith inte feoil coinineadhmeannanuanbanum161oglaegh, gidh eadh ata ceinelach reime intu so, dentar maseadh a rosdail innus gu cnaitear an rand uisgeamlachta 162 ata intu no ma tirim iad berbtar iad ⁊ ni maith doib enbiadh da ndentar do cruadhugad le salann. Gidh eadh ma fiabras leanna find he tabair feoil droma muc do, ⁊ tuig gurub amlaidh is fearr an feoil muice arna berbadh a n-aigeid uair sgaraidh sin a raignecht  p.259 ⁊ a methradh ria ⁊ is seime don corp daenna adeir Auidseanna, 163 ⁊ da fetar a rosdail isin fiabras sin. (⁊) Tuig gu n-abair Isidurus an lucht eirgeas a h-easlainte ⁊ iarras biadh is urcoideach doib nach ineithig iad acht dentar intleacht uman ni is luga do fetar da tabairt doib de, uair ata sgribta: an ni iarrus an t-easlan ge madh contrardha do e a tabairt do, oir is moidi eirgeas brigh isin naduir in uair coimlintar a toil. 164 (⁊)

[42] Dleagar biadha an lochta bis ar fiabras leanna ruaidh d'ullmugad le sail cuachhocus ⁊ le h-adhainn, ⁊ a fiabras leanna find le h-isoip le peirsille ⁊ a fiabras leanna duib le crim muc fiadh ⁊ le tim; ⁊ is iad eisg is iumcubaidh doib .i. eisg ara mbid lanna ⁊ bis a n-inadh clochach ⁊ da fetar leathogad 165 d'ithe ann sin acht muna beidh siad rote ⁊ do fetar uighecaibdel166 ina cuirfitear samadh do caitheamh a n-dighbail an fiabrais sin ⁊ is fearr na h-uighe arna mberbad na arna rostail, oir dunaidh an luaith a poiri in trath do-nither a ros 28atail ⁊ is amlaidh is fearr na h-uighe arna mbriseadh a n-uisgi te, ⁊ a mbearbadh gan a mbeith rocruaidh gan a mbeith robog ⁊ samadh167 no aigeid da caitheam leo muna baca anbainne gaili no cumga ochta he, ⁊ na caitheadh feoil mairt na ghandal na lachan na mil muighe na fiadh na feoil mheth ele a n-egmais gu fedaidh feoil raithe is i ur do caitheamh, oir ata si fliuchaidhi teasaidhi gu measardha ⁊ na caitear hi a d'easbach na fiabras ⁊ seachnadh crochcuimin.

[43] Et curtar borraitsiglaisin caillihocussail cuach ana potaitsi mailli re h-eanbruithe feoladh uiri mairt, ⁊ a laethib eisg do fetar peirsilli da cur fara and ⁊ curthar bainne almont mailli re lind no mailli re sisan, ⁊ du bud fearr gu curtai siucra and ⁊ do fetar a fiabras leanna find neichi teasaidhi da tabairt ar son a remcuisi ge teasaidhi a cuis comcheangail, oir adeir Auidseanna gu dtug Gailien sa cuis sin sisan mailli re pibar ⁊ is maith bitoine da tabairt a fiabras coitidianadairghincalamint a fiabras chartana. 168 Tuig ceana nach du aeniasg da tabairt a fiabras choididiana, oir is fuaraidhi uili iad ge tait neichi  p.260 is fuairri na cheili dib ni maith oisreada d' enduine, acht do dhaine slana aga mbia gaili roteasaidhi, oir fedaidh sin a nithe om, oir ni teo gaili fo cinn ana gaili ⁊ an lucht bis mar sin loisge siad na biadha seime ⁊ dileagaid gu maith na biadha ramra. (⁊)

[44] Tuig gurub i uair is coir don lucht ara mbi fiabras nach contineoideach biadh da caitheam a la na h-aicisisi .i. madh deigheanach tig si caitheadh tri huairi roimpi innus gu fadha an fiabras an gaili 'se folam ⁊ ni du acht began da chaitheam ann sin gu madh usaidi a dileagad, ⁊ ni dligheann an gaili ann sin beith folum o gach uile biadh acht o biadh omh amain, oir adeir Auidseanna gu mbind an biadh ana comnaidhi isin ghaili da uair dheg ge adeir Auerroeis gu coimlintar an dileagad a ngach uili ball re nae n-uairibh ⁊ is fir sin tar eis an dileaghtha do denam isin gaili, oir is cuige sin is mo iarthar d'aimsir, oir is ann sin is anumhla an biadh munba hedrom e ⁊ began da caitheam de tar eis na  28b h-aicisisi no ana dighbail ⁊ is maith do a chuid da caitheam ⁊ is coir do do caiteam an la sin na a ngach la ele ar son med na buaidhearta do-ni an aicisis do, ⁊ da dti an aicisis co h-obann is fearr do gan a beg do chaitheam no gu mbia ar dighbail nono gu crichnaithear hi, ⁊ muna bia an bhrigh gu h-anbann na caitheadh biadh na deoch isin n-aicisis fein, gidh eadh a n-anbaindi na brighe fedaid biadh do caitheam in gach uair is ail ⁊ isna laethibh bis idir in aicisis caitheadh mar chleachtas gidh eadh ceana is fearr na huair d'imdugad na an meid, caitheadh maseadh began ⁊ gu minic ⁊ mad fiabras contineoideach e caitheadh a n-aimsear is mo do gebadh cumsanadh 169 ⁊ mothrach ⁊ a ndeireadh lae is fearr a denamh muna bia ni bacas e mar ata rema no faisgeathrach, 170 uair ann sin ni du enred suipeir do denam no da ndearntar firbegan.

[45] Tuig gurub du cuid fir an fiabrais do beith ullam do gnath fa chomair, ⁊ ni du ein no eisg bearbthar mothrach do ligean a soitheach umha 171 gu maidin no la caithe acht dleagar a cur a soitheach crainn .i. a soitheach fuindseann a fiabras chartana, no a masal172 a fiabras coididiana ⁊ a soitheach airgid a fiabras tersiana ⁊ teigter aris iad  p.261 mailli re h-eanbruithe ⁊ ar an gorugad cedna don cuilis, oir an trath do-nid na biadha sin fuaradh gabad siad raighneacht cucu ⁊ ni maith neiche raighne mar ata easgumain ⁊ a cosmaili a fiabras.

[46] Et madh anband an t-othar ⁊ na fetfa se feoil do caitheam na ni do-nither di curtar aran edrom arna rostail ⁊ arna sgoltadh gu tanaidhi a n-eanbruithe chabain no a n-uisgi ana mberbtar pis ⁊ caitheadh e ⁊ muna feda a caitheam mar sin brister ar enlighe 173 iad ⁊ licter tri edach lin iad indus gu mbia brigh an arain ann ⁊ neartochaidh an naduir trid sin ⁊ dleaghar sin do denam, oir aderaid lucht na haimsiri seo na denaid na leagha acht biadh do bacail don othar ⁊ trid sin innus na tucar cin anbainni an othair ar an liaigh is beg nach eigean a ngach uili easlainte biadha arna n-ullmugad gu maith do ceadugad do, oir is fearr sin na miclu 174 d'fhaghbail don liaigh, ⁊ trid sin is faididi bid na h-easlainteadha  29a gan chrichnugad isin n-aimsir seo ⁊ ni du sin do dhenam gu leir acht adeir Gailighen175 an tia do-ni toil an othair gu leir nach ail leis slainte d'fhaghbail don othar, uair is eigean an t-othar do beith gu humal ⁊ an liaigh do beith dichra cum an leighis ⁊ a locht frithalma do denam a seirbisi gu maith.

[47] IS e aran is coir isin fiabras do-nither o leanna ruad: aran eorna no coirce no aran cruithneachta gona bran176aigeid no saland gu measardha trid, oir muna be se mar sin do denadh duinte ⁊ ni maith aran eorna a fiabras tersiana no chartana, acht aran cruithneachta edrom noch bis urusadh do dileagad trina cuirfiter pudur calamint no cainel no ainis, ⁊ is maith a fiabras cartana177 tim do cur trid, ⁊ a fiabras leanna find bitoinne no isoip, ⁊ a fiabras tersiana cruach Padruig mailli re snas imhoiri indus gu madh biaidh do reir leigis gach enbiadh caithfid 178 ⁊ is mair sin do fedfaidhi moran do dainib do leigheas a moran d'easlaintib mailli re folamhnugad maith  p.262 bidh ⁊ dighe ⁊ ma saint leo gan ni da caitheam rena leigis ⁊ gu faictear ni nua do denam don liaigh, oir is truagh 179 an t-indtleacht gan aenni nua d'fhaghbail ⁊ is daer don liaigh m uair nach eol do beatha an othair d'ordugad na d'ullmugad. (⁊) Gabadh mar deochaib na neiche adubrumar romainn a caibidil an tarta ⁊ as maith ann linn anbann ar tuitim da dheasgaib arna denam d'eorna na do coirce ⁊ gan pis na ponairi ann, uair is gaethmhar an lind ⁊ an t-aran do-niter dib sin mar as eadh gach aran te ⁊ trid sin is inteachanta e ⁊ is maith and cathbruith eorna180siroip aigeidithe, uair ni rotheasaidhi hi ⁊ coisgidh an tart ⁊ da dtucar mailli re h-uisgi e do-ni sgeathrach ⁊ is maith fin seim gan beith ronua no ro-arrsaidh a fiabras leanna find no leanna duib, ⁊ fin uisgeamail 181 ⁊ do fetar fin uisgeamail do tabairt a n-dighbail fiabrais leanna ruaidh ⁊ a n-aimsir na h-aicisisi na hibeadh acht ni is lugha fetfas acht connmadh caindi no siucra na bel.

[48] An treas ni nach nadurdha adubrumar romaind .i. gluasacht ⁊ cumsgugad 182 ⁊ is amlaidh seo dleaghaidh beith .i. gluasacht aderumh do denam sealad roimhe a cuid an la na tig an aicisis a n-inadh  29b an begain thaethair bhu choir do denam d'inarbadh na n-iumarcradh noch d'fhag an fiabras idir feoil ⁊ leathar a ndeireadh na h-aicisisi ⁊ is coir sin do denam gu h-airithe an trath na tainig sgeatrach na allus na dul amach isin n-aicisis, oir arna maireach da eisi sin is du an gluasacht anbann sin do denam, ma measarda an aimsir gan gaeth gan fearthain, acht madh samrad and ni d'ingnadh began fearthana urcoid do acht munba buaidhirte an t-aer. IS fearr cheana la na h-aicisisi ⁊ isin n-aicisisi fein comnaidhi do denam na siubal, oir comgluaisidh an gluasacht na leanna, ⁊ o ceinelach gluasachta an comradh 183 ni dleaghar acht began do denam de, uair tirmaigh se an teanga ⁊ ni dleaghar an tia bis isin n-aicisisi d'fhisrugad no guma deireadh di ar teitheadh gu dtiubradh se da airi doibsean, ⁊ gu madh lughaidi do denadh an naduir a h-oibriugad ⁊ ni dleaghar do radh reis acht ni  p.263 uma ngeba gairdeachas e ⁊ ni dleagar comradh rofada do dhenam reis, oir teighidh moran an comraidh ⁊ na sgelaidheachta an t-aer ⁊ cuiridh an leabur so caidhi an comfurtacht do beir comradh alaind 184 an leagha ar an othar ⁊ caidhe an midhochas a cuireann drochcomradh gruamdha an leagha e, oir adeir Damasenus is eigean slainte do gealladh don othar ⁊ gona chur o dhocas eirghe ge roib midhocas agud fein as. 185

[49] Da mbia drochanal ag an liaigh no ag an lucht fhisraideas an t-easlan no madh duadar gairleag no ma ta drochbrucht 186 acu do-ni sin urcoid fuinnidheach don easlan, ge theagaim uair ann gu ndeirgheann neach bis a fiabras fada ara dabar saint gegh ⁊ gairleog ⁊ fhina ⁊ caitheas iad, gidh eadh is tri aicid ata sin, oir ata eiri ar an naduir 187 ann sin gurub eigean gu gluasaidfear hi nono gu claife si an t-adhbar, na tabair maseadh taeb reisin, oir adeir Auidseanna na bi gairdeochas ag an lucht do beir drochfollamhnugad orro fein, uair gen ga gortaithear iad ar lathar ni reachaid siad on builleadh fa dheoigh. 188

[50]  30aAn ceathramadh ni nach nadurdha .i. linadhdighbail189, ⁊ tuig na dligheann neach slan na easlan a linadh gu h-iumarcrach, oir adubairt Arasdotail190 reh Eilsdront 191, tarraing da lam gen bes ni dot' algas agud ⁊ adeir Auidseanna na caith an urdail sin na mera fuigleach t'algais agud. Ar an corugad cedna don dig, oir adeir Auerroes192 da n-ibter deoch gu minic gu mind si mar do doirti uisgi fuar a crocan ag fiuchadh, oir coisgid sin a fiuchadh a ceadoir. Ni mo is du d'fhir an fiabrais toradh d'ithe, ach toradh leis nach urusa impodh cum uilc, mar atait ubla geirneil 193caisia fisdolatamareindi da mbe meadhon lacthach ag an othar, oir is mo is leigeas na toraidh sin na's biadh, gidh eadh is urcoideach doib na h-ubla ⁊ na pireadha ⁊ na sirineadha ⁊ na subha ⁊ na cno, oir adeir Auidseanna gurub urcoideach do lucht an fiabrais gach uili  p.264 thoradh 194 lena fiuchadh fein ⁊ lena truaillneadh isin gaili ⁊ is dona toraib is mo is biadh ann labras seann sin ⁊ ni dona toraib is mo is leigheas, oir ge do-nid siat umlacht don ceddileaghad ni denaid don dileagad thanaiste na don treas dileaghad ar son an uisgeamlacht mar adeir Isidurus ⁊ ni du do lucht an fiabrais a cur a n-dighbail gu hiumarcrach, oir easlainte dhighbalach ata acu ⁊ ni maith doib dighbail a ceann na digbala, gidh eadh dleagar a cur a n-dighbail la na h-aicisisi, uair cuiridh an fiabras fein a n-dighbail iad, ⁊ da fuilnge a mbrigh e, ni du doib a beg da caitheam an la sin ⁊ ni is lugha da caitheam gach lae na mar da caithfidis ana slainte, oir ni fedann an brigh anbann a dhileaghad mar do denadh ana shlainte ⁊ is eigean an t-adbar d'fholmugad mailli re leigheas ⁊ is dighbail sin, oir gach ni thig inadh slanaidh a folmughad e, do reir Gailighen195

[51] An cuigeadh ni nach nadurda .i. aicidi na h-anma mar ata gairdeochasmodaracht. Bid lucht an fiabrais a ngairdeachas do gnath ⁊ dentar a ngach uili fiabras mar adeir Damasenus196; tabair dod t'aire na neiche noch dab inmhain leis an easlan na na shlainte do reir a meanman mar ata canntaireacht 197 no cheolchaireacht ele, ⁊ do reir a cuirp mar ata biadh ⁊ edach ⁊ eich ⁊ or ⁊ airgead ⁊ a cuimniugad ana fiadhnaisi ⁊ da fedair a daisenadh 198 do no a radha gurub urusa a faghbail ⁊ mar sin aga cur a nochas gu brach, ⁊ gidh eadh ceana ni du do beith gu santach umcheann an t-saeghail na enred do smuaineadh acht Dia ⁊ an t-slainte, oir is e Dia fein shlainaigheas gach easlainte, oir adeir Daibith da me dochas agum, a Dia, ni geba easlainte mhe. IS e an liaigh is seirbiseach do Dhia 199 ⁊ don naduir ⁊ ni he aileas a uagra isin margadh no sa n-aireachtas gurub maith e fein acht an liaigh aga fhuil modh oibrithe ⁊ do bi aga fhoghlaim gu fada ana leabraib, oir adeir Ipocraid gurub  p.265 fada an ealadha ⁊ an liaigh do connaic moran ⁊ d'oibrigh iad is do sin is coir creideamain, oir adeir Auidseanna in tia is mo re tabraid daine taeb gurub e is mo foireas ⁊ adeir se na fuil ni is mo foireas an t-othar na med an dochais ⁊ na tairiseachta bis aige asa liaigh, ⁊ ni du d'fhir an fiabrais fearg do denam ge deir Galighen na teid neach deg tri feirg, gidh eadh oidh do-ni si fiuchadh a dtimcheall in craidhi trid sin do-ni si urcoid osa easlainte cridhe gach fiabras, ⁊ dleaghar a cuid do beith ullam fo gomair do ghnath ⁊ a frithealeam gach uair ricfaid a leas, ⁊ iarfaidh munba haimsear a indleis denach madh tren an brigh, gidh eadh da mbe in brigh ar digbail tabair biadh gach trath iarfas do.

[52] An seiseadh ni nach nadurdha .i. colladh: tuig gurub olc an colladh do denam a dtosach na h-aicisisi ⁊ began roimpe, ⁊ is olc colladh fada tar eis na h-aicisisi ge deir Galighen co faethaigheann arna leanmhaib trina colladh 200 ⁊ is olc beith gu rofhada gan cholladh tar eis na h-aicisisi, oir bacaidh sin dileaghadh na h-easlainte, oir adeir Galieghen go tabair in colladh do-niter in trath fein furtacht ar in dileaghad ⁊ is iad so do beir ar duine beith gu fada gan chollad isin easlainte seo .i. biad do bacail do lucht leanna ruaidh ⁊ biadh do chaitheam in uair nach coir, oir adeir Galieghen gurub brigh do na dainib slana an biadh ⁊ gurub galar dona dainib easlana 201.

FINID AMEN.

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Title statement

Title (uniform): An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod III & IV: De Febrium Symptomatibus

Title (editorial): Extracts from RIA 23 P 10 iii: Rosa Anglica

Editor: Winifred Wulff (=Úna De Bhulf)

Responsibility statement

Electronic edition compiled and proof-read by: Beatrix Färber

Funded by: School of History, University College, Cork

Edition statement

1. First draft.

Extent: 31320 words

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Publisher: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork

Address: College Road, Cork, Ireland — http://www.ucc.ie/celt

Date: 2019

Distributor: CELT online at University College, Cork, Ireland.

CELT document ID: G600024

Availability: Available with prior consent of the CELT project for purposes of academic research and teaching only. More information about Winifred Wulff's Life and Work is available on the CELT website at https://celt.ucc.ie//wulff.html.

Source description

Manuscript sources

  1. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 456 = 23 P 10 iii. 15th century? Vellum; pp. 70. Scribe unknown. 'The MS. contains a translation of the major part of Book 1 of the Rosa Anglica of John of Gaddesden, with occasional pieces from Bernard of Gordon and Gilbert the Englishman interspersed'. See ISOS website (http://www.isos.dias.ie/) for catalogue description and manuscript images. See also Kathleen Mulchrone, T. F. O'Rahilly et al. (eds.), Catalogue of Irish manuscripts in the Royal Irish Academy (Dublin 1926–70) vol. 2, p. 1207–09.
  2. British Library, London, Harley 546, ff59–65b. Not dated, but estimated to be from the 15th century by Standish Hayes O'Grady. For further details see his Catalogue of the Irish Manuscripts in the British Library, reprint, 2 vols (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1992), v 1, 171–177. For sample pages see http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_546.

MS sources for Latin Rosa Anglica.

  1. Edinburgh University, 168 (Laing 180); ff. 1–305, c 14.
  2. Oxford, Merton College, 262, ff. 1–237, c 14.
  3. Oxford, Corpus Christi College 69, ff. 1–191, c 14 late.
  4. Exeter Cathedral, 35.O.6, c 14., probably spurious.
  5. London, British Library, Sloane, 1612, ff. 125 r–430v, c 14 to 15.
  6. London, British Library, Sloane, 134, ff. 48r–169r, c 15, abbrev.
  7. London, British Library, Sloane, 280, ff. 9r–262r, c 15.
  8. London, British Library, Sloane, 1067, ff. 1–280v, c 15.
  9. London, British Library, Sloane, (Additional) 33996, ff. 148–210v, c 14, imperfect.
  10. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 261 ff. 1–232r, c 15.
  11. Oxford, Bodleian, E Musaeo 146 (3619), ff. 19–348v, c 15.
  12. Oxford, Bodleian, Bodl. 608 (2059), c 15 early, probably spurious.

Printed sources for Latin text

  1. John of Gaddesden (Johannes de Gaddesden) (1280?–1361), Rosa anglica practica medicinae. Pavia: Franciscus Girardengus and Joannes Antonius Birreta, 1492. Reprinted 1517. The reprint ("nouiter impressa & perquam(?) diligentissime emendata" "1516") is available on Google Books.
  2. Idem, Rosa anglica practica medicinae. Venice: [Bonetus Locatellus for the heirs of Octavianus Scotus], 1502. Electronic edition of 2011 at the Universitäts- u. Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf (urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-18491) available online at http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-18491.
  3. Idem, Joannis Anglici Praxis medica, Rosa Anglica dicta, quatuor libris distincta: de morbis particularibus, de febribus, de chirurgia, et pharmacopoeia, emendatior & in meliorem redacta ordinem / recens edita opera ac studio … Philippi Schopffii; Augustae Vindelicorum: Typis Michaëlis Mangeri, 1595.
  4. See also: Byron A. Finney, 'The "1516" Edition of Gaddesden's 'Rosa Anglica'', Proceedings and Papers (Bibliographical Society of America) Vol. 1, No. 1 (1904–1905) 71–74. (About an edition wrongly recorded as of 1516 but properly of 1502).

Select bibliography

  1. Giovanni Marinello, Practica Ioannis Arculani Veronensis: Particularium morborum omnium, in qua partium corporis humani anatome, morbi, symptomata, causae, ac signa, atque omnino universa medendi ratio, et remedia adeo aperte, & copiose traduntur, ut nullum aliud opus medicinae studiousis hoc uno esse videatur utilius / … cum probatis exemplaribus collata, et plurimis locis emendata Ioannis Marinelli / Magna diligentia cum probatis exemplaribus collata, et plurimi locis emendata Ioannis Marinelli Formiginensis Medici opera: cuius tum scholia in plurima, tum explicationes in quindecim Rasis capita ab Arculano praetermissa eduntur. / Instrumenta vero chirurgica, quae in opere hic, illic ab Authore citantur, ea sunt ad finem secundi indicis depicta. (Venetiis: Ex officina Valgrisiana 1560).
  2. Bartholomew Parr, The London Medical Dictionary (Philadelphia 1819).
  3. Jonathan Pereira, Selecta è præscriptis, selections from physicians' prescriptions, containing lists of the terms, phrases, contractions, and abbreviations used in prescriptions ... (London 1881) p. 67 (on measurements of cochleare; available at https://archive.org/stream/b28129222#page/n79/mode/2up/search/cochleare).
  4. John Lancaster Gough Mowat, Sinonoma Bartholomei, a Glossary from a Fourteenth Century Manuscript in the Library of Pembroke College (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1882).
  5. Whitley Stokes, 'On the materia medica of the mediaeval Irish', Revue Celtique 9 (1888) 224–244.
  6. James J. Walsh, Medieval medicine (London: Black 1920).
  7. Karl Sudhoff, Geschichte der Medizin (Berlin 1922).
  8. Max Neuburger, History of Medicine, translated by Ernest Playfair, M.B., M.R.C.P. Vol. II. (Oxford 1925).
  9. Winifred Wulff, Rosa anglica sev Rosa medicinæ Johannis Anglici; an early modern Irish translation of a section of the mediaeval medical text-book of John of Gaddesden (London: Irish Texts Society 1929).
  10. Theodor Meyer-Steineg und Karl Sudhoff, Geschichte der Medizin im Überblick (Jena 1931). Available at http://www.archive.org/details/geschichtedermed00meyeuoft.
  11. John D. Comrie, History of Scottish medicine (London, published for the Wellcome historical medical museum by Baillière, Tindall & Cox 1932).
  12. Eleanor Knott, Glossarial Index to 'An Irish Seventeenth-Century Translation of The Rule of St. Clare', Ériu 15, Supplement (1948) 1–110.
  13. Henry Risk, French loan-words in Irish, Études Celtiques 12 (1968-71) 585–655.
  14. On the Properties of Things, John Trevisa's Translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum, a Critical Text, (BL Add. 27944), eds. M. C. Seymour, et al., vols. 1 and 2 (1975).
  15. J. Fleetwood, The History of Medicine in Ireland (Dublin: Skellig Press 1983).
  16. Linda E. Voigts and Michael Rogers McVaugh, A Latin Technical Phlebotomy and its Middle English Translation, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 74:2 (Philadelphia 1984).
  17. Tony Hunt, Plant names of Medieval England. (Cambridge 1989).
  18. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Irish medical manuscripts', Irish Pharmacy Journal 69/5 (May 1991) 201–2.
  19. Sheila Campbell, Bert Hall, David Klausner (eds), Health, disease and healing in medieval culture (London: Macmillan 1992).
  20. Margaret R. Schleissner (ed), Manuscript sources of medieval medicine: a book of essays (New York: Garland 1995).
  21. Lawrence I. Conrad, Michael Neve, Vivian Nutton, Roy Porter, Andrew Wear (eds), The Western medical tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1995).
  22. Tony Hunt, Anglo-Norman Medicine. 2 vols. (Cambridge 1994–97).
  23. Fergus Kelly, 'Medicine and Early Irish Law', in: J. B. Lyons (ed), Two thousand years of Irish medicine (Dublin 1999) 15–19. Reprinted in Irish Journal of Medical Science vol. 170 no. 1 (January–March 2001) 73–6.
  24. Monica H. Green (ed) and trans, The Trotula: a medieval compendium of women's medicine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania 2001). See especially the Appendix on Compound medicines, pp 193–204.
  25. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Medical writing in Irish', in: J. B. Lyons (ed), Two thousand years of Irish medicine (Dublin 1999) 21–26. Published also in Irish Journal of Medical Science 169/3 (July-September 2000) 217–20 (available online at http://www.celt.dias.ie/gaeilge/staff/rcsi1.html).
  26. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Winifred Wulff (1895–1946): beatha agus saothar', in: Léachtaí Cholm Cille 35 (Maigh Nuad [Maynooth]: An Sagart 2005) 191–250.
  27. Luke Demaitre, Medieval Medicine: the art of healing, from head to toe. Praeger Series on the Middle Ages (Santa Barbara, California 2013).
  28. Peter Wyse Jackson, Ireland's generous nature: the past and present uses of wild plants in Ireland (St. Louis, Missouri 2013).
  29. Lia Fáil: Irisleabhar Gaedhilge Ollsgoile na hÉireann, ar n-a chur i n-eagar leis an gCraoibhín (Dubhglas de hÍde). Facsimile reproduction of volumes 1–4, with a Foreword by Liam Mac Mathúna and a Réamhrá by Seán Ó Coileáin. (Dublin: National University of Ireland 2013).
  30. Liam P. Ó Murchú (ed) Rosa Anglica: Reassessments, Irish Texts Society. Subsidiary Series, 28 (Dublin: Irish Texts Society, 2016).
  31. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'The Irish Rosa Anglica: manuscripts and structure', in: Rosa Anglica: Reassessments, Irish Texts Society Subsidiary Series vol. 28, ed. Liam P. Ó Murchú, (Dublin 2016) 114–197.
  32. Whitley Stokes, Lord Crawford's Medical Manuscript, fol. 117a1–118 a1 has similar items. For a first description of this MS see The Academy 49, May 16, 1896, pp 405–407. The manuscript is now kept in Manchester, John Rylands University Library, MS Irish 35 and described in N. R. Ker, Medieval manuscripts in British libraries (Oxford 1983) 456–58.
  33. Thomas King Chambers, The Renewal of Life: Lectures, Chiefly Clinical (Philadelphia 1866).
  34. Abbreviations used in Glossary: Cens. I.: Census of Ireland for the year 1851.
  35. N.E.D.: New English Dictionary.

Internet resources

  1. Dictionary of the Irish Language, mainly compiled from Old and Middle Irish materials: eDIL. See http://www.dil.ie/.
  2. Dictionary of Irish Placenames: See http://www.logainm.ie/.
  3. An Anglo-Norman Dictionary at http://www.anglo-norman.net/gate/
  4. The Oxford English Dictionary at http://www.oed.com.
  5. LOGEION, A Dictionary incorporating several dictionaries of Greek and Latin at the University of Chicago, including the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources (DMLBS) http://logeion.uchicago.edu/.
  6. Dioscórides Interactivo: the Salamanca Dioscorides (De materia medica), Unversidad de Salamanca. Estudios y Traducción del Dioscórides, Manuscrito de Salamanca. Traducción: Antonio López Eire y Francisco Cortés Gabaudan. Con estudios de Bertha Gutiérrez Rodilla y Maria Concepción Vázquez de Benito. Editor y coordinador Alejandro Esteller. Available at http://dioscorides.usal.es/.
  7. The Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (http://www.dbnl.org/) has an edition of the Antidotarium Nicolai (including a Middle Dutch version) online. This was edited from Mss 15624-15642 from Brussels, Kon. Bibl. by W.S. van den Berg (Leiden 1917); see http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=_ant004anti01.

The edition used in the digital edition

‘An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod. III; An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod. IV’ (1930). In: Lia Fáil‍ 3; 4.115–125; 235–268. Ed. by Douglas Hyde (Dubhglas de hÍde).

You can add this reference to your bibliographic database by copying or downloading the following:

@article{G600024,
  editor 	 = {Winifred Wulff (=Úna De Bhulf)},
  title 	 = {An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod. III; An Liagh i n-Eirinn i n-allod. IV},
  journal 	 = {Lia Fáil},
  editor 	 = {Douglas Hyde (Dubhglas de hÍde)},
  address 	 = {Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath)},
  publisher 	 = {Educational Company of Ireland (Comhlucht Oideachais na h-Éireann)},
  date 	 = {1930},
  volume 	 = {3; 4 },
  number 	 = {115–125; 235–268}
}

 G600024.bib

Encoding description

Project description: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts

Sampling declarations

The present text represents pp 115–25 and 235–268. The glossaries at the end of each article have been combined into one in alphabetical order and appended to the text. In some cases common Latin variants of the terms given have been added to facilitate searching. The extracts 1–9 of the second article have been re-numbered and are now in sequence, i.e. 7–15. Wulff's paragraph numbering in article IV was left intact.

Editorial declarations

Correction: Text has been checked and proofread twice. All corrections and supplied text are tagged. Corrections to the text made by the editor to the original text are marked corr sic resp="WW". Where the text was imperfect Wulff restored it from Harley 546; these phrases appear in italics in the HTML version. Latin variants and sections are cited in 155 footnotes by Wulff, sometimes profusely. 52 further explanatory footnotes have been added by CELT editor Beatrix Färber.

Normalization: The electronic text represents the edited text, to which some normalization, marked sup resp="BF", was applied. In the manuscript the first few words of each section were written in capitals, a practice retained by Wulff, but abandoned in the CELT edition. (The images may be compared on the ISOS website.) The headwords in the glossary were changed to lowercase to achieve consistency between Irish, English and Latin terms. Forms of do-ni and do-ci were hyphenated; maillere/maillire was segmented. Missing silent f, and missing internal consonants suppressed in eclipsis were restored, apostrophs were added to d'. In words with a vowel or s- in anlaut, h- and t- were hyphenated off; so was eclipsed n- before a vowel. In the manuscript, long vowels are indicated only rarely and were left unmarked by the editor. The hardcopy uses italics to show expansions, which are infrequent; in the digital text ex tags are used instead. The Irish text contains vernacular plene variants for the proper names Avicenna and Galen (usually abbreviated in other manuscripts) namely Auidseanna/Auidseanda, Gailighen, Ipocraid. The latter form is used here a nominative. Isaac (Israeli), Constantinus and Isidorus are also mentioned.

Quotation: Quotations are rendered q.

Hyphenation: Hyphenation was introduced (see under Normalization.) Soft hyphens are silently removed. Words containing a hard or soft hyphen crossing a page-break or line-break have been placed on the line on which they start. In rare instances of a tagged term of several words crossing a page-break, whether of the edition or the manuscript, the tagged term has been placed before the break.

Segmentation: div0=the whole text; div1=the individual part published in each issue; page-breaks are marked pb n=""/; milestones indicating manuscript foliation are tagged mls unit="MS fo" n=""/.

Standard values: Dates are standardized in the ISO form yyyy-mm-dd.

Interpretation: Medical, pharmaceutical and botanical terms, many of which are Latin loanwords (or Latin in the disguise of Irish spelling) have been tagged.

Reference declaration

A canonical reference to a location in this text should be made using “part”, eg part 1.

Profile description

Creation: Written by an unnamed Irish medical scribe. c.1400–1499

Language usage

  • The text is in (Early) Modern Irish. (ga)
  • The front matter and some explanatory matter in the footnotes is in English. (en)
  • Some words and phrases, especially in the footnotes, are in Latin. (la)
  • Some words and phrases are in Greek, or Latino-Greek. (gr)
  • A French term is quoted in a footnote. (fr)
  • A term from Arabic is quoted. (ar)

Keywords: medical; didactic; prose; medieval; Rosa Anglica; Symptoms of Fevers; Gilbertus Anglicus; scholarship; adaptation; translation

Revision description

(Most recent first)

  1. 2019-05-30: Minor edits made. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  2. 2018-09-05: Minor edits made. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  3. 2018-06-06: Minor changes made to header. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  4. 2018-04-26: File proofed online; minor corrections made. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  5. 2018-04-25: File proofed and encoded up to end (1); glossaries combined, entities added; content and structural encoding applied; added to back matter. File parsed and validated. SGML and HTML files created. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  6. 2018-03-28: TEI header created. File proofed (1); structural and dense content encoding applied. (ed. Beatrix Färber)
  7. 2018-03-28: Lia Fáil 3 and 4 captured by scanning. (text capture Beatrix Färber)

VOCABULARY

This vocabulary combines the parts from Lia Fáil III, 123–125 and IV, 265–268. Original page-breaks are omitted.

Numbers after each word refer to paragraph where it first occurs. {In part 3, these were not indicated]: The first word=headword; the second word=English equivalent; last word=Latin translation from RA.

  • adhairt; pillow; pulvinar. 37.
  • adarc; adharc cupping horn; ventosa, cucurbitula. [part 3], 28.
  • adhann; coltsfoot; portacula. [part 3]
  • adhbar; matter; materia. [part 3]
  • ae abha; liverwort; hepaticon. [part 3]
  • aerdha; principal; principalis. 30.
  • agairc; agaric; agaricus. [part 3]
  • aibeil; quick; velociter. 7.
  • aicid; accident (of fever); accidens. [part 3]
  • aicisis; paroxysm; accessus, paroxysmus. [part 3]
  • aigean; pan; patella. [part 3]
  • aigeid; vinegar; acetum. [part 3]
  • ailt; = ail leat. 27.
  • ailledigim; I mention, recount; allego. [part 3]
  • aineid; anetho; anethum. 1.
  • ainis; anise; anisum. 14.
  • airgib, airgibh; temples (dpl. of ara, arach); tempora. [part 3]
  • alga; apthous sore (in the mouth); ulcus, scissura. [part 3]
  • algus bidh; appetite; desire for food; appetitus. 14.
  • mialgua; disinclination. 19.
  • anbainne craidhe; syncope; faintness. [part 3]
  • andibhi; endive; endivia. [part 3]
  • ard; high-coloured (of urine); tincta. 24.
  • athair losa; ground ivy; hedera terrestris. 7.
  • atcomall; dropsy; hydrops. 10. v. idroipis.
  • atharrach; change, variation. [part 3]
  • bainne almont; milk of almonds; lac amygdalarum. [part 3]
  • baluaird; wallwort; cameactus ebulus. 3.
  • beirene; verbena; verbena. [part 3]
  • beithe; box tree; buxus. [part 3]
  • benedicta (herba); a mild laxative, 1.
  • berbeiris; barberry; berberis. [part 3]
  • bilar gharrda; (garden cress); nasturtium hortense (=lepidum sativum) . [part 3]
  • binid mhil; hare's rennet; coagulum leporis. [part 3]
  • bithnua; St. John's Wort; hypericon. [part 3]
  • bitoine; betony; betonica. [part 3]
  • bolg gachann; smith's bellows; flabellum. 15.
  • bolgach; smallpox; varioli. 27.
  • bolgam; mouthful. 34.
  • borraitsi; borrage; borrago. 5.
  • breith; womb; matrix. 19.
  • brigh tochlaitheach; digestive force; (virtus digestiva). [part 3]
  • bruidearnach; irritation; punctura. 25.
  • buaidhirte; turbid, troubled; turbidus. 49.
  • buathfallan; buathfallan liath; mugwort, ragweed; artemisia. 1.
  • buidhen uighi; yolk of egg; vitelli ovorum. [part 3]
  • cabann; capon; caponem. 46.
  • cabson; causon, an inflammatory fever,; causon. [part 3]
  • cadhas; cotton; cottum. 32.
  • caibdel; custard; candellum A misreading for caudellum; see footnote. 42.
  • Calamus aromaticus; sweet flag. 14.
  • cail; quality; (qualitas). [part 3]
  • caindi; candy. [part 3]
  • cainel; cinnamon; cinnamomum. [part 3]
  • camamilla; camomile; camomillae. 1.
  • cardamomum; cardamom. 15.
  • cartana; quartan fever; quartana (febris). [part 3]
  • cassia fistola; pod of a species of herbs, highly laxative (Golden rain tree); Cassia fistula. 5.
  • ceangal; constipation; (constipatio). [part 3]
  • cearchaill; pillow; pulvinar. [part 3]
  • ceirin; poultice, plaster; emplastrum. 2.
  • claethmodh, claethmuighim; vn. change; I change. (also claoch-, claech-.) [part 3]
  • cliathanaib; chest, ribs; sub hypochondriis. [part 3]
  • clisdire tarraingtheach; an attractive clyster; clyster attractivus. [part 3]
  • clobus; cloves; garyophylli. 14.
  • cnamh; consuming; consumption 1.
  • cneadh; sore, wound; ulcus; vulnus. 36.
  • cneasuigheach, cneasugad; healing, to heal; consolidatio. 1.
  • coileardha; choleric; (cholericus). [part 3]
  • coilera eruginosa; cholera aeruginosa, a form of choleric humour; (see footnote). [part 3]
  • coilera praisina; cholera prassina; a form of choleric humour; (see footnote). [part 3]
  • coimbris; bruise (imperative). [part 3]
  • coinneall Mhuire; great mullein; molena. [part 3]
  • copiros; vitreolum. 31.
  • coimplex202; complexion; complexio. The combination of certain qualifies hot, cold, moist and dry, in an animal body determining its nature. 28, 40; drochcoimplex bad complexion 27.
  • coriandra; coriander. (coriandrum) 13.
  • cosa scoiltithe; pedes fissi. 41.
  • crim muc fiadh; hart's tongue; scolopendria. 42.
  • crith ger; ague. 8.
  • cristall; crystal; cristallus. [part 3]
  • cruach Padraig; plantain; plantago. [part 3]
  • cruad; flint; silex. 35. cf. slind.
  • crual, cruel; coral; corallus. 14 [and part 3]
  • cubranach; frothy. 22.
  • cuideog; flies; cantharides. 10.
  • cuilen; whelp; catulus. [part 3]
  • cuisle an cind; cephalic vein; cephalica (vena). [part 3]
  • cuimin; cumin; cyminum. [part 3]
  • cumsanad; rest; quies. 44.
  • curradan; horsetail; cauda equina. 33.
  • dabach; vat; tina. 24.
  • dairgin; germander; chamadreos. 43.
  • daorgalar; piles; tenesmus. [part 3]
  • deannach muilind; mill dust. 4.
  • dedga; centaury; centaurium. 1.
  • deoch athraitheach; alterative drink. [part 3]
  • desgridech; discreet. 14
  • diaturbith; compound medicine made of turpeth, cf. diasene, diareubarbrum, etc. 51.
  • digbail; declinatio, the final stage in a fever. 44.
  • domblas ae; gall, gallbladder; fel. 3.
  • dragma; drachm, dram; (dragma). [part 3]
  • driuch; shudder; horripilatio. 25. cf. greand.
  • drochbrucht; sour eructation; eructationes. 50.
  • duadar; (bad) smell. 49.
  • duainneadh; fontanelle; commissura capitis. [part 3].
  • dubchosach; maidenhair; capillus veneris. 8.
  • dubhan; kidney; renes. [part 3]
  • duinti; oppilation [part 3]
  • eanbruithe; soup, broth; brodeum. 1
  • eang; a strip [part 3]
  • easbaidh ceille; delirium?; alienalio mentis [part 3]
  • easguman; eel; anguilla. [part 3]
  • easlainte adburda; material sickness; morbus materialis. 19.
  • eillind; elecampane; enula. 35
  • fadarcan; knot in wood. 13.
  • faisgeathrach; nausea. 44.
  • faothagad; crisis; crisis. 21.
  • fasdadh; constipation; constipatio ventris. 1.
  • feineal; fennel; faeniculum (foeniculum, feniculum). [part 3]
  • fearad; faeces; egestio. 24.
  • fiabras ger; acute fever, aguefebris acuta [part 3]
  • follamnugad; ruling (i.e. health management and diet); regimen. 25.
  • frenisis; frenzy, phrenesis [part 3]
  • fual; urine; urina. 8.
  • fuil dearg; sanguine humour; one of the four humours.
  • fuil dregan; dragon's blood; sanguis draconis. [part 3]
  • gaethmhaireacht; flatulence; ventositas. [part 3]
  • gafann; henbane; iusquiamus (= hyoscyamus) 31.
  • gailingein; galingale (= galangal); galanga. 14.
  • gairfideach; a twisting of the bowels, Census of Ireland for the year 1851 1. (For this information I am indebted to Mr. Seamus O'Cassidy.) 27.
  • gairleog; garlic; allium. 19.
  • galar buidhe; jaundice; icterus. 8.
  • gallunach; soap; sapo. 2.
  • garbhlus; goosegrass; rubia minor. An leg. madder? (Cf. “rubia maior .i. an madra,” Stokes, On the Materia Medica of the mediaeval Irish, Revue Celtique 9, p. 240.) [part 3]
  • gealan uighi; white of egg; albumen ovis. [part 3]
  • ginaidh; gluttony; gulositas. 48.
  • glac; handful; manipulus. 8.
  • glae; glue; refer to glutinativa. 30
  • glaisin caille; boglus; boglossa. 5.
  • grainde; grain, seed; grana. [part 3]
  • greann; rigor [part 3]
  • greannugad; irritation; provoco; cf. greann; rigor; v. driuch.
  • hocus; mallows; malvos. 1.
  • idroipis; v. atcomall.
  • imlacan; navel; umbilicus. [part 3]
  • inde ieiunum; the jejunum; jejunum. 1.
  • indles; meal. 5.
  • ira pigra, hiera pikra; a remedy composed of various drugs. (Cf. note p. 119.) [part 3]
  • iubar craige; juniper; iuniperus. 3.
  • iubar sleibhe; wild sage; eupatorium. 9.
  • labriola; laurel; lauri. 4.
  • lacach; loose, relaxed [part 3]
  • lanleighe; cochlear; cochleare: liquid measure = one tablespoonful; cochleare amplum = one fluid ounce. 7. Cf. leathleighe etc. cochleare mediocre203
  • leadartach; gripes?; torsio. [part 3]
  • leagan (botany), tansy; leagan (medicine), reduction. 2.
  • leas; bladder; vesica. 20.
  • leathog; flat fish, flounder; merlingus. 42.
  • lectuaire; electuary; electuarium. [part 3]
  • letus; lettuce; lactuca. [part 3]
  • liathlus; mouse-ear; pilosellla. 9.
  • lignum aloes; aloes, lign aloes. 3.
  • linn dubh; melancholy. [part 3]
  • linn fuar; phlegm. [part 3]
  • linn ruadh; choler; one of the four humours. 1 (Cf. fuil dearg)
  • litairgia; lethargy. 22.
  • loisgeach; burning; pungitivus. 1.
  • lubra; leprosy or other skin disease; lepra. 19.
  • lus; leek; porrum. 19.
  • lus an leadan; tansy; virga pastoris. 3.
  • lus in sparain; shepherd's purse; sanguinaria, cf. lus na fola. [part 3]
  • magralla; genitals; testiculi. [part 3]
  • mailis; malice; malignitas. [part 3]
  • maistix; mastiche; mastix. [part 3]
  • masal; mazer (N.E.D.); mazenus. 46.
  • mathair thalman; millefolium. 37. v. athair t.
  • meirsi; smallage; apium. 9.
  • mercuiriel; the plant mercury; mercurialus. 1.
  • merolaini beileiritsi; belliric myrobalans; myrobalani bellerici. [part 3] 204
  • merolaini inndi; myrobalans; myrobalani indici. [part 3]
  • merolaini cebulli; myrobalans; myrobalani chebuli. [part 3]
  • merolaini sitrini; myrobalans; myrobalani citrini. [part 3]
  • methrad; fat; adeps, pinguedo. 1.
  • miniugad; reducing, lessening; minuere. 1.
  • midhaighi; also midhaigh, midhaidh, mighaigh(e)) nightshade; solatrum. [part 3]
  • misaidhi; wild fiax; linaria. 8.
  • miseraidci uena; meseraic vein (= mesenteric vein); meseracia vena. [part 3]
  • moduracht; depression, gloom; tristitia. 61.
  • morgadh; corruption; corruptio. [part 3]
  • mormont; wormwood; absynthium. 1.
  • muchadh na breithe; suffocation of the uterus; suffocatio matricis. [part 3]
  • neantog; nettle; urtica. 17.
  • neasgoid; boil; apostema. [part 3] 205
  • niamhain; pearl; margarita. [part 3]
  • niamnaid; tormentil; potentilla tormentilla. [part 3]
  • nutamug; nutmeg; nux moscata. [part 3]
  • oisrida; oysters; ostrea. 43.
  • oxisacra; a concoctio of oximel. 206 13.
  • pairitari; parietory, pellitory; paritaria. 19. v. peledra.
  • pastae; paste, pastry; pasta. 40.
  • peledra; pellitory; pyrethrum. 18. v. pairitari.
  • perbingc; periwinkle; pervinca (=vinca pervinca; vinca spp.). 35.
  • pertrais; partridge; perdrix = perdix207. [part 3]
  • pibrachas; nasturtium. 35.
  • pibrair; nasturtium. [part 3]
  • pic; pitch; pix. [part 3]
  • pilloili; pills; pilula. 11.
  • pingin; penny; ducatum. [part 3]
  • pioini; peony; paeonia. [part 3]
  • poball; butterburr (Petasites hybridus). 30.
  • poire; pore; porus. 16.
  • ponaire; bean; faba. 10.
  • potaitsi; pottage; brodeum. [part 3]
  • praisech; cabbage; caules. 5.
  • raibe uisge; raibhi uisge [part 3], water rue; nenuphar. 39.
  • rais; rice; oryza. [part 3]
  • rannaidhi; local; particularis. 27.
  • reithe; ram; aries. [part 3]
  • ros lin; flax seed; semen lini. 17.
  • sabhsa; sauce; salsamentum. 15.
  • sail cuach; violet; viola. 1.
  • saitsi; sage; salvia. [part 3]
  • samadh; sorrel; acedula. [part 3]
  • sandaili; sandalwood, sanders; santala. 8. v. triasanduile
  • scamonia; scammony; (Convolvulus scammonia). [part 3]
  • scim; polypody; pollipodium. 4.
  • sdaid; stasis, the third stage of a fever. 17.
  • sdipeaga ( also sdipeaca) 30 etc; styptic; styptica. [part 3]
  • sealg; spleen; (lien). [part 3]
  • seilidonia; swallow-wort; chelidonia. 8.
  • sgeathrach; vomiting; vomitus. 13.
  • sicne; membrane, skin; peritoneum. 13.
  • sidhubal; setwall; zedoaria. 13.
  • singcoipis; syncope. [part 3]
  • sisan; tisane; ptisana. 43.
  • sitheal; basin, pelvis. [part 3]
  • slind; flint; silex. 32. cf. cruad.
  • siucra roiseaca; sugar of roses. [part 3]
  • snas iboiri; ivory turnings; rasura eboris. 8.
  • spica nairdi; spikenard; spica nardi. 8.
  • spiursi; spurge; tithumalli. 3.
  • spongc; sponge; spongia. [part 3]
  • stupog: coarse part of stalk of cabbage or similar plant (...) (Gr. stúpē; cf. stup, 23 F 19 buaicis “cum stuppis canabis”)
  • subeth; lethargy; profunditas somni similis lethargo. 37.
  • sumag; chopped leaves of genus Rhus, sumach. 27.
  • supoisitoir; suppository; suppositorium. 3.
  • surrumont; southernwood; abrotanum. 1.
  • tairisecht; trust, confidence. 51.
  • tamareind; tamarind; tamarind. [part 3]
  • tartaire; tartary?; lus in sparain. [part 3]
  • tathaba; hellebore, dropwort; helleborus. 4.
  • teagail; an t-seagail sgs. rye; (secale). [part 3]
  • teinegail; houseleek; sempervivum tectorum. [part 3]
  • timtireacht; anus; anus. [part 3]
  • tochlugad; appetite; appetitus. 15.
  • tondmar; undulating; undosus. 23.
  • tuis; incense; olibanum? [part 3]
  • tus; incense; thus. 3
  • triasanduile; concoction of sanders. 8. v. sandaile.
  • trom; elder; sambucus. 4.
  • truailnithe; corrupt, pestilential. 39. cf. truaillnead. 208
  • uball gornel; pomegranate; malum granatum. [part 3]
  • uball searbh na caille; crab-apple?; poma sylvestris. [part 3]
  • uilidhe; universal; universalis. 24.
  • uirge; testicles; testiculi. 27.
  • unsa; ounce; uncia. 32. The mediaeval Irish scribes used the usual sign ℥ for this, which is a debased form of [illegible symbol]. This sign is not known outside Ireland.
  • urcoid; harm, injury; nocentia. 9.


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  1. Sitis. RA 388; .i. an tart Harl. add. 🢀

  2. Leg. neasgoid. non existente in visceribus Apostemate. RA 687. 🢀

  3. “Aqua nullum opus inveni nisi quod in acutis datur.” RA 688. 🢀

  4. This is the (English) loanword candy, first attested in Middle English sugre-candy which comes from Old French sucre candi. This came via Arabic qandiyy and Persian kan, candied sugar. Since the Middle English and Old French forms are basically the same, the Irish form does not tell us from which of these it was derived. [BF] 🢀

  5. ad modum Ducati formata. RA 688. 🢀

  6. Instantia Vigilarum. RA 600. 🢀

  7. Dolor capitis. RA 691. 🢀

  8. & fiet descensus musicalis, qui aerem temperabit. RA 692. 🢀

  9. Defined as follows in Green, Trotula, Appendix, p. 196: Hierapigra: “Yerapigra Galyeni. It is called yera [i.e. hiera] because it is sacred, picra because it is bitter. It is made for various diseases of the head, or diseases of the ears or distemper of the eyes. It also purges the stomach very well. It relieves disorders of the liver, and it removes and thins out hardness and density of the spleen. It is good for the kidneys and the bladder, and it cleanses distemper of the womb. A tenth part is one pound. Take two scruples each of cinnamon, spikenard, saffron, camel grass, hazelwort, cassia tree bark, balsam wood, balsam fruit, violet, wormwood, agaric, roses, vegetable turpeth, colocynth, and mastic; aloe in the weight of all the spices, i.e. ten drams and to scruples; and honey as needed. Its dose is three drams, to be given with warm water in the morning while fasting. If, however you make pills, give fifteen or seventeen of them with a sufficient amount of scammony.” Cf van den Berg, p. 183, no. 143. [BF] 🢀

  10. eDIL sv nutmuic (http://edil.qub.ac.uk/search?q=nutmeg) records this term as a Romance loan word. However, the form “nutamuig, nutmaig” is much closer to Middle English “note-muge, nutmuke” than to Anglo-Norman French (nois mugette, nois muscade, nois muscate) and Middle French (noix muguette) or Old French (noiz mugate, noiz muguete, noiz muscade, noiz muscate). Its second element ultimately goes back to postclassical Latin “muscata” or “muga”. The classical term was nux muscata Cf. OED sv nutmeg (http://www.oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=nutmeg&_searchBtn=Search). [BF] 🢀

  11. Phrenisis. RA 692. 🢀

  12. Cf. Wulff, Rosa Anglica (1929) p. 226. 🢀

  13. “Catuli per medium fissi.” RA 693. 🢀

  14. Syncope. RA 693. 🢀

  15. i.e. Prognosis, with an interesting dislocation of -g- appearing before the following -s- to create the affricate x. [BF] 🢀

  16. Fluxus ventris. RA 694. 🢀

  17. i.e. dá dtugthar; the suppression of eclipsis and the written representation of the unvoiced equivalent of [voiced stop +h] is common in this manuscript. [BF] 🢀

  18. Dysenteria. RA 694. 🢀

  19. Coagulum leporis .i. illud quod in stomacho eius reperitur. RA 696. 🢀

  20. An interesting note is found in The Renewal of Life: Lectures, Chiefly Clinical by Thomas King Chambers, the “honorary physician to HRH he Prince of Wales” (Philadelphia 1866) In his lecture xlix on pepsine delivered in 1857 in St. Mary's, printed on 588 ff, he sketches out the “History of the use of gastric juice in medicine; Difficulties of its use obviated by preparation; Experience of its use in a few typical cases” etc. as follows:
    “The attempt to turn the peculiar power of gastric juice to advantage dates from remote antiquity. Pliny mentions the fluids of the stomach of sucking animals as in common use for a variety of purposes, such as curing disorders of the intestines, allaying the inflammation from spiders' bites, stopping bleeding from the nose, preventing snakes attacking you, and in short against poisons in general. (See the places referred to in any good index to Pliny's Naturalis Historia, article "Coagulum.") To come to more medical matters, Asclepiades recommended it as a means of dissolving milk which has clotted in the stomach in dangerous excess. (Quoted in Galen on Antidotes, ii, 7.) Galen, arguing probably on his physiological theories, attributes a "digestive" and "drying" power to it. But he also mentions having felt in his own person the relief afforded by it to weight at the epigastrium after drinking too much milk, and advises a trial of it in abdominal disorders. He remarks that the stomach of one animal differs from another only in degree of power. He gives a warning that the boiling temperature destroys its virtues, as we now well know; for he found that hens' and cormorants' stomachs, when cooked, were perfectly inert. (Galen on Simple medicines x,11; xi,13).
    On the strength of Galen's very rational advice the coagulated milk and fluid taken from the paunches of several young animals was a remedy sufficiently often used to retain a place in European pharmacopoeias up to the first quarter of the 18th century. This is the explanation given by Dr. Schroder, a Dutch pharmacologist, who wrote in 1672, (Pharmacopoeia Medico-Chemica, Amstelodami, 1672) of the method of preparing, and the reason for using, "Coagulum leporis, haedi, agni, equi," &c. (The rennet of the leveret is now usually wasted, but the Roman dairymaids preferred it to that of any other animal for making cheese. Varro ranks it as the best, then that of the kid, then of the lamb. (Varro De Re Rustica, lib. ii, xi, 4). The Roman physicians also had the same preference. Sammonicus, in a prescription for "Colus" (Colic), says, “Aut pavidi leporis madefacta coagula pota.” (Quinti Sereni Sammonici de Medicina Praecepta, De Colo compescendo.) This accounts for its being named in pharmacopoeias which omit other rennets, as for instance in the Vienna priced drug list of 1613 and 1646, in which its price varies from six to sixteen kreutzers the half ounce.)
    The disagreeable nature of the remedy in this form probably drove it out of use, for the last London pharmacopoeia in which it appears is that of 1677. In the edition of 1721, the only representative of gastric juice is the mucous membrane of the hen's stomach. — “Pelliculae stomachi gallinae interiores.” (This is another Italian expedient for coagulating milk rarely used now. Palladius recommends it for making summer cheeses, when you cannot get leveret's rennet. (Palladius de Re Rustica, Mensis Maius, ix.) In 1746 this also had vanished, along with “stercus bovinum, humanum, pavonis,” and various similar remedies which patients had got too civilized to submit to, without at least knowing the reason why. Thirty years later, the immortal experiments of the Abbé Spallanzani threw a bright new light into the subject of digestion, and taught the true nature of the gastric juice. With much juster views than of old its use in medicine was again recommended. Dr. Mongiardini of Pavia, a pupil of Spallanzani's, at his master's instance treated indigestion successfully with the gastric juice of crows. Another pupil employed it as a lithontriptic, to break down calculi by destroying the animal matter which holds them together. M. Senebier, a clerical pupil, suggested that its antiseptic power might make it useful in surgery, and advised a trial of sheep's paunch as an application to ill-conditioned wounds. M. Boyer, of Strasburg, found that it destroyed the poison of the viper, and thought it might be an antidote to snake bites.
    With all the obvious advantages with which the remedy recommended itself to the physician, there was the insurmountable difficulty of obtaining it in a form fit for general use internally. It was of course necessary to administer it at the same time with the food, and any nauseating substance then given does more harm than good by taking away the already squeamish appetite (…)” [BF] 🢀

  21. & venarum meseraicarum. RA 696. 🢀

  22. “secundum Avicennam … & hoc allegat Galenus.” RA 696. 🢀

  23. i.e. don othar; an instance of this word othar, “patient”, with unhistoric f- . [BF] 🢀

  24. grana nasturtii. RA 697. 🢀

  25. nasturtium hortensis. RA 697. 🢀

  26. “detergatur anus molena … vel cum filtro intincto in cacabum.” RA 697. 🢀

  27. tenesmus. RA 698. 🢀

  28. “sicut spongia.” RA 698. 🢀

  29. Leg. coimilt. “frictio extremitatem.” RA 698. 🢀

  30. “Resta bovis.” RA 698. 🢀

  31. Wulff's Glossary on 123–125 has been merged with that at the end of part IV. [BF] 🢀

  32. “constipatio ventris” RA 698. 🢀

  33. According to eDIL sv hocus, it is an English loanword. “Hollyhock” is probably derived from Old English “holi”, “holy” and “hoc”, marsh mallow (13th c.); the word “hoc” is of unknown origin. It is cited in Carney, Regimen na Sláinte, G600009A, ll. 1008–1010, “hocus ⁊ holihoc .i. curthar an hocus ann do measrugad tirmaideachta [line 1010] na mball …” “Sil hocuis” is cited in G600011, p. 40, section 22, under the heading “De retencione secundine”: “No gab luaith fuinnsinn ⁊ si fuar ⁊ sil hocuis ⁊ cuir scrubul do pudar shinnseir trit ⁊ tabuir ar digh da ól di iat ⁊ slanaighter an uair sin hi.” The term “holihoc” is found ibid. p. 48, section 32. Sil hocus is found in Wulff, Rosa Anglica, p. 218, section 76. Stokes, Three Irish Medical Glossaries CELT file G600018, p. 330, no. 131 has the gloss “Malua uisgue (leg. uisque, i. e. uisce) .i. hocus mor.” [BF] 🢀

  34. “mundificativum”. 🢀

  35. Southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum, cited as an English loanword in eDIL sv. [BF] 🢀

  36. “si consumptionem ventositatem.” 🢀

  37. “chatholicon” This was a compound medicine in the form of a soft electuary; the best known one was the catholicon Nicolai, or diacatholicon, recipes for which varied. [BF] 🢀

  38. for “a cuis teasaidhi” L has “si de capite”. 🢀

  39. “consolidativum” 🢀

  40. “sicut enim homo qui suspenditur pedibus & cibus eius insertitur, posset comedere, & cibus ascenderet ad ventriculum secundum Constantinum RA 699.” 🢀

  41. “de caule excorticato, vel de corta malvae.” 🢀

  42. “ad modum extremitatis candelae.” 🢀

  43. “cum farina volatili molendini RA 700” — mill dust. 🢀

  44. Like “luuadsi” for lovage, “borraitsi” for borrage, “potaitsi” for pottage, “musdard” for mustard, and “spiursi” for spurge, “balauird”, wallwort, Cameactus ebulus is an English loanword. [BF] 🢀

  45. “tithymalli seu lotice” — old name for spurge or wolf 's milk. 🢀

  46. “Laxatur tridies, seu triginta vicibus, RA 701.” 🢀

  47. “ cf. Sinonoma Bartolomei, Diagredium .i. scammonia cocta.” 🢀

  48. “Icturus RA 701.” 🢀

  49. A scribal error for celidonia, or chelidonium majus. See below, and cf. “Recipe radicis celidonie partem .i. endivie epatice acedule cicoree plantagi lentiginie …” fo. 7r, Rosa Anglica, practica medicinae, Venetiis 1502, electronic editon of 2011 at Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf (urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-18491) at http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-18491. [BF] 🢀

  50. misach? linaria Not conclusively identified in eDIL sv (2) mísach, or used for a variety of plants, among which fairy flax (linum catharticum) is mentioned; see http://www.dil.ie/32348. [BF] 🢀

  51. “morella.” Ms mighaidhi. Morella is the black nightshade, or solanum nigrum, with its small, cherry-like berries. [BF] Cf Ó Connor, Materia Medica (1993), pre-page 12, item 195 morella/midhaidi. 🢀

  52. This plant name was applied to various plants, one of which was eupatorium; see eDIL sv (2) eimer (http://www.dil.ie/19811). It is cited in Wulff's glossary, p. 267, under the early modern Irish form iubar sleibi and translated “wild sage, eupatorium.” The 1502 edition, fol 7rb, has “Si tamen sit ictericia inveterata: tunc debet fieri opliatio cum radicibus feni.(culi) et aristo. ro. brusci apii et celidonie cum eupatorio capillis veneris, linaria maiore et minore, spigranella, rostro porcino, endivia, epatica, spicanardi et sandalis …” [BF] 🢀

  53. “cum rostro porcino” Sonchus oleraceus L.; Hunt, Plant names of Medieval England, p. 223. [BF] 🢀

  54. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol. 7rb: “Avicenna, in segundo canone, capitulo 2o.” [BF] 🢀

  55. Spodium, i.e. burned and powdered bone (bone charcoal) used for medicinal purposes in the 1502 edition, fol. 7rb. [BF] 🢀

  56. “lumbrici” 🢀

  57. mouse ear hawkweed, “pilosella”. 🢀

  58. The 1502 edition has: “Item decoctio piloselle curat ictericios omnes. Similiter facit pulvis foliorum solatri (=solani, black nightshade) in umbra desiccatorum.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252871). [BF] 🢀

  59. cf. RA 297. 🢀

  60. The 1502 edition has: “… mundificare cum aceto albo tepido et cum decoctione capilli Veneris eupatorii ordei in panno albo lineo et aspero ut una gutta vel due oculis instillentur ut acetum album in oculis et succus coriandri aut succus acetose aut vinum malorum granatorum aut acetositatis citri aut fiat suffumigatio de carne bovina recenti sub oculis tenendo nares ne fumus intret et caput repleat.” [BF] 🢀

  61. “de floribus fabarum RA 704.” 🢀

  62. “Siccitas & adustio linguae.” 🢀

  63. “Nigredo & ulcerae linguae RA 706.” The word bainneadh is not recorded in eDIL, except for a mere mention sv ?algas; see http://edil.qub.ac.uk/2905. According to the Latin text, its seems to mean either (1) the dark-coloured hairy film on the tongue called black hairy tongue or hyperkeratosis of the tongue, in Latin lingua villosa nigra, also called nigrites linguae; or (2) a similar black discolouration of the tongue due to other causes. The nigredo linguae is mentioned e.g. in Arnoldi Novicomensis Medici atque Philosphi celeberrimi opera quae edita sunt hactenus omnia in Tomos distincta sex ad diversorum & vetustissimorum codicum collationem ingenti cura recognita multisque locis restitutis ultra superiorem aeditionem. Per M. Gualtherum H. Ryff [=Walther Hermann Ryff] Argentinensem. Medicum. Tomus primus Breviarium practice, de medendis singularum humani corporis partium a summo capite, ad imos usque pedes passionibus, ac omnibus febribus continet. Relinquorum Tomorum quid cuique insit ad finem prefationis invenies. Argentinae, Anno Domini 1541 Mense Augusto; Liber IIII, De morbis curandis, De pleurisi. Capitulum quintum, 369: “Item nota quod est tanta vehementia feb(ris) quanta in pleurisi, adest citrinitas faciei in huiusmodi apostemate urina grossa valde, nigredo linguae, egestio sanguinolenta, quandoque similis loturae carnis propter debilitatem virtutis.” [BF]  🢀

  64. “vomitus RA 706.” 🢀

  65. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol. 7v: “Modo de vomitu superveniente videndum est: quod si in initio proximi veniat non debet restringi vel si post signa digestionis nisi superfluat: et quod esset de materia pessima sicut de colera prassina vel eruginosa quia talis vomitus est malus omni tempore morbi et quasi mortalis in acuta febre.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252872). The colera eruginosa and colera prassina are secondary and unnatural forms of choler due to overheating of colera vitellina; see Voigts and McVaugh, A Latin Technical Phlebotomy, p. 46; 63. [BF] 🢀

  66. “spongia” 🢀

  67. Vomiting, see eDIL sv urlacad, urlacan (http://www.dil.ie/43263). [BF] 🢀

  68. In the 1502 edition, panis acetosus, i.e. sourdough bread. This term is neither cited in eDIL, under “arán” nor under “goirt”, but cf. eDIL “do taos goirt” taes (http://www.dil.ie/39484). [BF] 🢀

  69. “ex pane nigro tosto”; in eDIL sv róstaid, the variant “róstáil” of the verbal noun “róstad” is not cited. Dinneen records “róstáil” as a variant found on Inishmore. Apart from this text, among the published medical tracts, the latter form only occurs in the Mediaeval Handbook of Gynaecology once, and it is absent from all other Irish texts in the CELT corpus (by June 2018). 🢀

  70. Desgrideach appears neither in the glossary nor in the CELT Text Corpus, and this form is not cited in eDIL. However, eDIL sv deiscréidech refers to eDIL sv discréit, but the sense “discreet” or “prudent” is not recorded. The word is derived from Latin discretus. The meaning discreet, prudent documented here in a fifteenth-century source is cited in Eleanor Knott, Glossarial Index to "An Irish Seventeenth-Century Translation of The Rule of St. Clare", Ériu 15, Supplement (1948) 1–110:38 and in Dinneen sv deiscrédeach. [BF] 🢀

  71. “Appetitus caninus. RA 708. Harl. p. 63.” 🢀

  72. This loanword seems to come from English “pepper-cress” and means nasturtium. Cf. the 1502 edition, f. 7v: “Similariter nasturtium provocat appetitum” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252872). [BF] 🢀

  73. “Cave crocum.” 🢀

  74. “sudor” 🢀

  75. “cum flabellis.” Cf. RA p. 60. 🢀

  76. “Non aspergatur sudor, quia tunc deoppilavit pori abstersio sudoris; aperiendo poros sudorem provocat.” 🢀

  77. “facit … aqua Nenupharinis & plantaginis operatur vel pulvis fol. quercus.” 🢀

  78. “Estque naturalis naturalitatis virtuti expulsivae: est tamen innaturalis, quia mala. a naturali consuetudine est est naturalis; quia natura est asaueta expellere sudorem tum temporis critice.” 🢀

  79. “Si patiens non possit sudorem tolerare.” 🢀

  80. “hedera terrestris” — ground ivy🢀

  81. In Wulff's glossary, pairitairi is translated parietory, pellitory, L parietaria, v. peledra. Peledra is rendered pellitory, L pyrethrum. [BF] 🢀

  82. “baci ligneum”. 🢀

  83. Cf. the 1502 edition f. 8r, col. 1: “Item herbe calide coquantur in duabus ollis terreis et cooperiantur bene et tunc fiant in lecto duo foramina vel loca in quibus possunt stare et patiens iaceat in medio et tunc discooperientur et erit optimum” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/zoom/1252873). [BF] 🢀

  84. Cf. the 1502 edition f. 8r, col. 1: “Item calamus aromaticus piretrum calamentum costum carpobalsamum, se(mines) urtice, quidcumque istorum inveneris simplex vel compositum cum oleo costum et iuncto corpore sudor provocabit. Septimo Viatici.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/zoom/1252873). [BF] 🢀

  85. “Fluxus sanguinis narium.” RA 719. Not in Harl. to section 27. 🢀

  86. “consideranda”. 🢀

  87. Artery. In eDIL sv airtire this term is recorded as an English loanword; however in the OED the Middle English term “arteries” is first recorded as attested in 1398 in J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxiii. 211. In light of its origin in medical literature a direct loan from Medieval Latin seems prima facie more likely than the circuitous route via English. The Anglo-Norman Dictionary cites the Anglo-Norman forms “arterie, artere, artarie, arteire, auterie” (13th century, cf. http://www.anglo-norman.net/gate/ sv arterie 2) and the OED cites the Middle/Old French forms “arterie, artere”, “trachea or windpipe” (13th century in Old French). These go back to Latin arteria and ultimately to Greek αρτηρία. Cf. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/11157. [BF] 🢀

  88. “penes quae cura varietur”. 🢀

  89. “substantia sanguinis illud demonstrat.” 🢀

  90. “Si sit a phlegmate, est quasi insensibilis.” 🢀

  91. Cf. the 1502 edition f. 8r, col. 2: “Si propter tenuitatem venarum in naso: tunc ex facili et qualibus levi causa venit et cutis corporis est tenera et de facili scinditur et exasperatur et excoriatur a vento frigido et sicco …” [BF] 🢀

  92. “rubicundior. RA 721.” 🢀

  93. “spuriosus.” 🢀

  94. Ms e vel [BF]. 🢀

  95. “Si praecesserint lachrymae, tinnitus aurium, surditas, tensio hypocondriorum in utroque lateri, dolor, constrictio anhelitus; quoniam natura pellit materiam ad superiora; item nonnumquam coniuncta his sunt, inflatio capitis, splendor anti oculos; imagines similis flammis, igneae, citrinae, rubedo oculorum & faciei, pruritus narium. Hipp(ocrates) … addit alia duo signa fluxus sanguinis narium: numirum dolor in frontis, & vertiginem: & hoc in eo, qui est infra 35 annum; quia sanguis in illa aetate est multus, virtus fortis & caliditas multa … Sed vomitus significatur ex dolore capitis, ex imaginatione musicarum volantium, vel alicuius nigra quod ante oculos volat: si dolor circa os stomachi & titubatio labii inferioris, rigor, & frigitas in hypocondriis fuerit …” 🢀

  96. The right margin of column b is damaged. To show its extent, at CELT a linebreak was placed after each “…”. [BF] 🢀

  97. For “op te” read “do te”. [BF] 🢀

  98. RA 723: Sed febres intensivae, quando non terminantur fluxu narium, terminantur sudore; ut inquit Avicenna: & tunc praecedit rigor, pulsus est undosus, & cutis corporis apparet rorida ad tactum, calida intensive, & rubra plus quam facit: urina est tincta, tendens ad crassitiem … urina & egestio retinentur; & patiens in somno imaginatur balneum & tinam: similiter in aegritudine chronica quando rigor sit fortis, vehemens, & febris sit vehemens cum virtute forti, & aliis signis bonis, tunc expectandus est sudor universalis in morbo univarsali: particularis in particulari, si sit ad bonum.” 🢀

  99. “Quia ista augmentata se diminuant & diminuata ae augmentant. Si sit gravitas in vesica, & ardor virgae, crassities urinae; & sedis in diebus decretoriis. tunc expecta crisin per urinam. Si debeat fieri crisis per egestionem: tunc sit retentio urinae & sudoris, & vomitus, & signarum illorum & superfluitas non est sanguinea, & est punctura in toto ventre, gravitas in inferiori illius parte, rugitus & inflatio hypocondriorum & egestio valde tincta ante illa, & altitudo illius quod est sub hypocondriis, & permutatio rugitus ad dolorem dorsi, & pulsus aliquando coarctatur, tunc expecta communiter laesionem. Item sciendum quod secundum Isaac raro in principio simul fiunt in acuta rigor, & fluxus sanguinis narium; quia rigor ostendat materiam circa vasa magna; & fluxus infra. Sanguis igitur per naros exius … si in die critico apparet tamen si fit secundum virtutem patientis, & quantam necesse fuerit, & maxime in fine morbo: & ante apparuerint signa concoctionis in urina, & egostione, laudabilis erit, salutem nuncians. Si vero contrarium accidat, videl. ut non veniat in critico concoctio & sic parum guttatimque fluat aut plus, quam tolerare possit, malus erit, & formidabilis, praecipue si sit in initione morbi, & ante signa digestionis & ideo haec scribit Isaac quod exitus sanguinia per nares & die aegritudinis sit illaudabilis, & nuncians timorem; quia est ab acrimonia nimia & a pravitate aegritudinis; & non a regimine naturae.” 🢀

  100. Ms clia … aib. Probably the word is “clíathánaib”; identical to that on page 11b, and in Wulff's glossary entry p. 124 “clíathanaib”, “chest, ribs”, “sub hypochondriis”. eDIL sv clíathán records the senses (a) side, (b) loin (of meat) and (c) wattle (of a bird's wing), but not this sense. (A similar form “cliabāin”, “cradle” is recorded in Carney, Regimen na Sláinte (i), line 606, and both may have become conflated over time, or may go back to variants of originally the same word.) [BF] 🢀

  101. “excepta prima digestione, quae est praeparatio ad expulsionem.” 🢀

  102. “offuscatio cum citrinitati & nigretudine.” 🢀

  103. “usque ad 4 libras. Si vero exeant 2 librae, plus quam 4 non est comun:” 🢀

  104. “cf. RA p. 30.” 🢀

  105. Harl. p. 64. 🢀

  106. Cf. the 1502 edition, f. 8v: “Primam rem complent cibi et potus sic(ut) lentes sumach prunelli parva pira infrigidata in nive nespila pauca mora matura desiccata sicut berberi plantago in potagus seu quocumquemodo. Et alia precedentia omnia vel quedam infusa in naso, vel si intraverit in balneum cum aqua frigida decoctionis istorum et sessio in eo. Et emplastrationes fiant super epar ex rebus vere infrigidativis sicut acetum cum vino granatorum vel cum succo plantaginis vel morelle vel iusquiami. Et precipue panni infusi in istis .s. (sine?) aceto et succo et aqua ro(sata) posita super epar vel splenem si inde venerit et positi super testiculos in viris et super mamillas in mulieribus et super extrema corporis utendo permutatione post permutationem cautela super hoc habita ne sequatur ultima infrigidatio eorundem membrorum cum istis medicinis.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252874). [BF] 🢀

  107. “super testiculos.” RA 726. 🢀

  108. “cucurbitula. RA 722.” 🢀

  109. “Similiter bolus, sanguis draconis. RA 723.” 🢀

  110. “Modus operationis in hoc casu est.” 🢀

  111. “distemperentur cum albumine ovi & hoc vocatur strictorium.” 🢀

  112. “& dolor attraheret materiam plus ad locum: sed debet humectari.” 🢀

  113. “principali. RA 728.” = oireadha, oirida. 🢀

  114. “glutinativa” 🢀

  115. “cauterisantia” 🢀

  116. “farina volatilis molendini.” 🢀

  117. Cf. the 1502 edition f. 9r, col. 1: “sed cave ne pes vel aliquid de aranea ibi existat: quia posset ut vidi de facili totum corpus inficere”. [BF] 🢀

  118. “congelant” 🢀

  119. “poball butterbur H. St. C. 63.” (Petasites hybridus) 🢀

  120. virga pastoris, tansy🢀

  121. “Cum caputpurgijs, insufflatationibus, lenitivis, odoramentis, impletionibus.” RA 729. 🢀

  122. “insufflationes.” RA 730. 🢀

  123. “Odoramenta.” 🢀

  124. “fumus apri.” 🢀

  125. “impletiones.” 🢀

  126. “cum cotto.” 🢀

  127. “in succo caudae equinae” — horsetail. 🢀

  128. “scribit Gal.” RA 731. 🢀

  129. “oryza … ova elizata.” 🢀

  130. “sanguinaria.” 🢀

  131. “festinanter” See the 1502 edition, fol. 9v, column 1, for a reference: “… ut dicit Avicenna 4o canone, fen 6a, tractatu 2o. Ideo oportet cum festinatione operari antequam coaguletur et parare ut descendat: quia 6a particula affo(rismi) sanguis in loco non suo convertitur in sanies vel in corruptionem accipiendo sanies large.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252876). 🢀

  132. “Sirupum acetosum” in 1502 edition, fol. 9v, col. 1. [BF] 🢀

  133. “ne patiens moriatur. RA 733.” 🢀

  134. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol. 9v, col. 1 “Te quesumus Domine famulis tuis subveni quos precioso sanguine redemisti. Et sic dicendo collige herbam unam vel duas: sed multas colligas oportet orationes iterare: et tunc suspende herbam circa collum patienti quo fluit sanguis vel circa membrum a quo fluit: et ibi dimitte: et stringet certissime.” [BF] 🢀

  135. “Bursa pastoris habet nomen a re, quia substantia eius, & succus valet sive illinita, sive emplastrata, sive potata post decoctionem & praeparationem debitam; imo etiam terere in manu, & aspicere eam quum sanguis effluit, & odorari eam, stringit fluxum sanguinis. RA 733.” 🢀

  136. “provenga quid si esset pervinca.” Old form of periwinkle. This term is not recorded in eDIL. The medicinal use of the periwinkle plant , a creeping plant having striking blue flowers and tolerating shade, is mentioned by Dioscorides (cf. http://dioscorides.usal.es/p2.php?numero=575). Dioscorides recorded the use of the herb for toothache, insect stings and animal bites. The Latin name (vinca) pervinca gave rise to the verb “pervincire”, to 'loop' or bind a wreath (worn on the head). Pliny the Elder noted its cultivation for gracing ornamental gardens in his Naturalis Historia. Our example encapsulates a typical medieval use to treat bleeding, due to the periwinkle's astringent properties. The plant is slightly toxic. [BF] 🢀

  137. “super cuspidem vel silicem.” 🢀

  138. “s. nasturtij.” 🢀

  139. “Fluxus sanguinis quomodo sit provocandus.” RA 738. 🢀

  140. “millefolium.” 🢀

  141. “& succus eius illitus, super frontem ac tempora constringit.” 🢀

  142. i. e. southernwood or abrotanum. [BF] 🢀

  143. Neither the glossary nor eDIL record this term. Apparently, this is the hen of the wood-grouse, Tetrao urogallus, the cock of which is called capercaillie. This species inhabits old coniferous forests. [BF] 🢀

  144. “Profunditas Somni. RA 735.” 🢀

  145. Note the curious use of “u” for bhu etc. 🢀

  146. “philomelae.” But the Irish term usually designates the robin. 🢀

  147. The term subeth is borrowed from Arab, meaning a deep sleep, coma, or lethargy. For a Latin definition and treatment of the subject, based on Book 9 of Almansor, see Giovanni Marinello, Practica Ioannis Arculani Veronensis: Particularium morborum omnium, in qua partium corporis humani anatome, morbi, symptomata, causae, ac signa, atque omnino universa medendi ratio, et remedia adeo aperte, & copiose traduntur, ut nullum aliud opus medicinae studiosis hoc uno esse videatur utilius. / Magna diligentia cum probatis exemplaribus collata, et plurimi locis emendata Ioannis Marinelli Formiginensis Medici opera: cuius tum scholia in plurima, tum explicationes in quindecim Rasis capita ab Arculano praetermissa eduntur. / Instrumenta vero chirurgica, quae in opere hic, illic ab Authore citantur, ea sunt ad finem secundi indicis depicta. (Venetiis 1560) pp 29–31 (https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00001378-001#page/n52/mode/2up/search/subet). [BF] 🢀

  148. “Curatio Febris Cholericae de diaeta tractandum est. RA 736.” 🢀

  149. “si aer sit turbidus, nebulosus, pestilentialis. RA 737.” 🢀

  150. “propter hominum gulositatem.” 🢀

  151. “mica panis.” 🢀

  152. “propter consenum istorum duorum ad invicem. RA 739.” 🢀

  153. Cited in eDIL sv cuilis as English loanword cullis, “a broth made from meat or fowl”. Middle English colis, colice, goes back to Middle French coleis, but it its recorded (intermediary) Anglo-Norman forms are earlier “colis, coliz, culiz”, and chicken broth is variously documented in Anglo-Norman recipes; see http://www.anglo-norman.net/gate/ sv colis). [BF] 🢀

  154. “panis pastillorum.” 🢀

  155. “pars adusta auferri.” 🢀

  156. “nisi quod eorum gruellum valet.” 🢀

  157. “alauda.” 🢀

  158. “cum longo rostro.” 🢀

  159. “aves lacunales.” 🢀

  160. “grassus sylvestris.” The wood-grouse or capercallie🢀

  161. “cuniculi, haeduli, agnelli, porcelli.” 🢀

  162. “partem aquosam. RA 740.” 🢀

  163. “& nullae est humanae carni similior, quam porcina, ut asserit Avicenna.” 🢀

  164. “Quae petit aegrotans, quamvis contraria, dentur: Nam potius natura viget, et vota replentur. RA 740. ” 🢀

  165. “merlingus.” 🢀

  166. Translated as custard, Latin “candellum” in the glossary. eDIL sv (1) caibdel cites only two examples, both from the Rosa Anglica, the older one (Regimen Sanitatis) edited and translated by Cameron Gillies, the second one by Wulff, who referred to Gillies. His footnote to the 1911 edition, p. 28, shows how he was lead astray by the Latin term “candellum” which he associated with Lat. “candeo”. Among the Latin dictionaries in LOGEION only the DMLBS lists “candellum”, but this is a ghost word. DMLBS refers it to “caldellum” (1) “hot spiced, drink, caudle”, correcting the forms with -n-. The example cited from Gaddesden is the exact same as that translated here. Cf. the forms Anglo-Norman chaudel, caudel, and hence ME caudel. This was the basis for Gaddesden's Latinised form “caudellum”, later misread as the ghost-word candellum. The form caudel also explains Irish caibdel much better than “candellum”. [BF] 🢀

  167. “agresta. RA 741.” 🢀

  168. “quartana.” 🢀

  169. “hora maioris quietis.” 🢀

  170. “nausea.” 🢀

  171. “in vasu aeneo-ligneo.” 🢀

  172. “in vasu mazeno. RA 743”, mazer. “A hardwood drinking bowl” OED. 🢀

  173. “late incisus.” 🢀

  174. “quam ut medicus diffametur.” 🢀

  175. “Gal. 12. Meth. med: inquit; qui tantum in id incumbit, ut placeat infirmo, is non quaerit ipsius salutom; quia oportet ut infirmus sit obediens Medico in omnibus; ministor diligens, fideliter serviens.” 🢀

  176. “& est hoc quod Avicenna vocat Kist hodie; quia nullus comedit pastem.” Cf. the 1502 edition “hoc est quid vocat Avicenna Kist ordei” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252878) [BF] 🢀

  177. “in quarta panis ozymus plus valet. RA 744.” 🢀

  178. “ut omnis eorum cibus sit Medicinalis.” 🢀

  179. “Nam miseri est ingenij nihil invenire.” 🢀

  180. eDIL sv cáthbruith has sowens citing two examples from the Rosa Anglica, the first in Wulff's edition, p. 40, “catbruithi eorna”, where the editor notes: “Here c. translates the Latin author's bread soaked in water”, “mica panis ter lota in aqua”, while the second example in eDIL is the present one. The OED defines sowens as follows: “Sc. (and Irish): An article of diet formerly in common use in Scotland (and some parts of Ireland), consisting of farinaceous matter extracted from the bran or husks of oats by steeping in water, allowed to ferment slightly, and prepared by boiling.” Interestingly, the OED derives its etymology from “Gaelic súghan, súbhan, the liquid in preparing “sowens” (= Irish súghán, subhán sap, juice), from súgh, súbh sap”. (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/185372?redirectedFrom=sowens#eid). It may be noted that the custom of fermenting the sowens is beneficial to health, since grain husks contain phytic acid, a fact unknown at the time. Phytic acid binds minerals during digestion, decreasing their bioavailability for the body, but during fermentation the acid is broken down by the enzyme phytase, resulting in better digestability. The English term seems rare enough, occurring nowhere else in the CELT Text Corpus. [BF] 🢀

  181. “vinum lymphatum.” 🢀

  182. “an leg. cumhsanad? Motus, & ex oppostion quies. RA 745.” 🢀

  183. “Et quoniam sermo est quidam motus, non debet patiens nimium loqui, quin hoc desiccat linguam.” 🢀

  184. “Quamvis aeger, in febre chronica, accipiens aromatica cum alijs, & vinum … evadit … quia tunc natura onerata, vel vicit statim, vel vicitur; nec illis est fidendum … Caveant illi qui se male resunt. RA 746.” 🢀

  185. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol 11r column 1: “Dicit Damascenus particula prima quod oportet infirmo semper salutem permittere: et nunquam a spe illum deponere etiam si tu desperes.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252879) [BF] 🢀

  186. “qui patitur eructationes maleodentes” 🢀

  187. “natura onerata”. 🢀

  188. “tamen in futuram bene percipient.” 🢀

  189. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol 11r column 1: “Quarta res non naturalis est repletio vel inanitio.” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252879) [BF] 🢀

  190. “quia scribit Aristoteles in Epistola ad Alexandrum; Dum adhuc durat appetitus, manum retrahe. RA 746.” 🢀

  191. leg. “re hEilisdront” [BF] 🢀

  192. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol 11r column 2: “Similiter de potu dicit Aver. prima particula canticorum Avic. quod si potetur frequenter est sicut si fundatur aqua frigida super ollam bullientem quod statim cessat ebullitio cibi et eius decoctio cessaret.” [BF] 🢀

  193. eDIL sv geirnéal refers to gairnél, from English “garnel”, a granary, a barn, citing “ubla geirneil”. Comparison with the Latin version (1502 edition) reveals the reading “nec debent febricitantes fructus comedere nisi tales qui non sunt facilis conversionis in malum: sicut pruna damascena, mala granata, cassia fistula, tamarindi, berberi ...” The present eDIL reference is hence incorrect, conflating unrelated words: pomegranates (mala granata) are meant, and not “barn apples” whatever they may be. The term “ubla geirneil” requires a separate entry. [BF] 🢀

  194. “cum ebullitione. RA 747.” 🢀

  195. “evacuatio vel inanitio sanat. 2 part. Aph. Hipp. 22.” 🢀

  196. Cf. the 1502 edition, fol. 11r, col. 2: “Damas. fiat in 2a particula afforismorum suorum” (http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1252879) [BF] 🢀

  197. “ut instrumenta musica” 🢀

  198. “veluti facies pulchras, seu formosas puellas & constanter affirmare atque polliceri aegro quod mox melius se habiturus: insuper etiam monere, ne sit sollicitus, aut curiosus circa res mundanas, sed neque alia de re cogitit, nisi de sua sanitate accipi. RA 747.” 🢀

  199. “Medicus autem minister est Dei, & naturae … non medicus sermones, qui praedicat scientiam suam, & proclamat eam per forum, & mundinas. RA 748.” 🢀

  200. “Fiat crisis per somnum” 🢀

  201. “Cibus est virtus sanis, & morbus infirmis. RA 749.” 🢀

  202. Corrected from “complem”, an error not found in the text. [BF] 🢀

  203. Cf. Jonathan Pereira, Selecta è præscriptis, selections from physicians' prescriptions; containing lists of the terms, phrases, contractions, and abbreviations used in prescriptions ... (London 1881) p. 67. [BF] 🢀

  204. A description of five kinds is found in The London Medical Dictionary (1819) , available online at http://chestofbooks.com/health/reference/London-Medical-Dictionary/Myrobalani.html sv Myrobalani: “... myrobalans, a dried fruit of the plum kind, brought from the East Indies, of which three kinds are brought from Bengal, faba Bengalensis, Cambaia, and Malabarica. (...) They have been recommended as somewhat astringent and tonic, but are not now in use. Myrobalanus means nux, or glans unguentaria, a nut or acorn, fit for making precious ointments; for from the myrobalans described by Dioscorides, Pliny, and Galen, they used to express a fragrant oil used in ointments. All the different kinds, which we hasten to describe, are probably varieties of the phyllanthus emblica Linné Species Plantarum, 1393.
    Myrobalani bellirici, belleregi, bellegu, belliric myrobalans, are of a yellowish grey colour, and an irregularly roundish or oblong figure, about an inch long, and three quarters of an inch thick.
    Myrobalani chebulae (=chebuli) resemble the yellow sort in their figure and ridges, but are larger and darker coloured, inclining to brown or blackish, and with a thicker pulp.
    Myrobalani citrini vel flavi, are somewhat longer than the belliric, have generally five large longitudinal ridges, and as many smaller between them, somewhat pointed at both ends.
    Myrobalani emblici, ambegu, are of a dark, blackish grey colour, roundish, about half an inch thick, with six hexagonal faces opening from one another.
    Myrobalani Indici, vel nigri, asuar, are of a deep black colour, oblong, octangular, differing from all the others in having only the rudiments of a stone, and supposed to have been gathered before maturity.
    All the sorts have an unpleasant, bitterish, austere taste, strike a black colour with a solution of vitriol, contain tannine, are gently purgative and astringent. ...” Several varieties of myrobalans (now known as Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica and Phyllantus emblica) have in recent years been investigated for their potential pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses. [BF] 🢀

  205. The Latin term apostema did not only refer to boils, but also to ulcers, abscesses and purulent swellings, which were known as impostumes or imposthumes. The word is derived from Latin apostema but not in current use. Some scholars prefer to render apostema by its archaic English equivalent aposteme. [BF] 🢀

  206. The Latino-Greek compound medicine oxizaccara and its method of preparation is explained as follows in Green, Trotula, Appendix, p. 197 (from the Antidotarium Nicolai): “Oxizaccare is so called from oxi, which is vinegar, and zucharo “sugar.” It is good for acute tertian fevers and pseudo-quartan fevers. It purges bile from the stomach. Take one pond of sugar, eight ounces of pomegranate juice, and four ounces of vinegar, and place in a tin vessel on the fire. And let it boil for a while, stirring constantly with a spatula, until it is reduced back to the quantity of the sugar; it should become so thick that it can be carried. Let one of a half ounces of this be given in the morning with warm water.” [BF] 🢀

  207. The form with -dr- is derived from Old French perdriz according to DMLBS at http://logeion.uchicago.edu/index.html#perdrix. [BF] 🢀

  208. There is no entry for truaillnead [BF]. 🢀

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