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Microbiology

Research Profiles

Professor Colin Hill MSc, PhD, DSc, MRIA

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Professor Colin Hill MSc, PhD, DSc, MRIA

Honours and Awards

Year: 2005.

Title: D.Sc
Year: 2009.

Title: Elected Member, Royal Irish Academy
Year: 2010.

Title: Elected Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology
Year: 2010.

Title: Metchnikoff Prize for Microbiology

Associations

Association: International Association for Pre and Probiotics, Function/Role: Board Member
Association: American Society for Microbiology, Function/Role: Academy Fellow
Association: Society for Applied Microbiology, Function/Role: Member
Association: Society for General Microbiology, Function/Role: Member
Association: FSAI, Function/Role: Scientific Committee

Patents

Patent 07/577,954 : Bacteriophage resistant recombinant bacteria
Patent 07/578,660 : Phage defense rotation strategy
Patent PCT/IE96/00022 : Bacteriocins.
Patent 980499. : An anti-microbial effective against Gram-positive human pathogens
Patent 980500 : A spray-dried bacteriocin powder with antimicrobial activity
Patent PCT/IE2004/0001 : Use of probiotic bacteria for the treatment of infection
Patent S2005/0773. : Antimicrobial Peptides and Bacterial Strains that produce them.
Patent 01 : Thuricin, an antimicrobial specific for Clostridium difficile
Patent 01 : Listeriolysin S as a chemotherapeutic agent
Patent 01 : Screening for Listeriolysin S Listeria Monocytogenes.
Patent 01 : Derivatives of Nisin with enhanced Anti-Microbial Activity.
   

Conference Contributions

Dowd CG, Hill C and Gahan CG; (2009) Investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which Listeria monocytogenes grows in the mammalian gall bladder. [Poster Presentation], FEMS 2009 Microbiology Congress, Gothenburg, Sweden , 28-JUN-09 - 02-JUL-09.
McLaughlin, H, Sleator RD, Hill C and Gahan CG; (2009) Characterization of an MgtC-like Protein in L. monocytogenes EGDe. [Poster Presentation], FEMS 2009 Microbiology Congress, Gothenburg, Sweden , 28-JUN-09 - 02-JUL-09.
Cruz-Romero, M., Smiddy, M., Kerry, J.P., Hill, C. and Kelly, A.L.; (2004) Changes in the microbiological and physicochemical quality of high pressure treated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during chilled storage. [Oral Presentation], 34th Annual Food Science and Technology Research Conference, UCC,Cork , 16-SEP-04 - 17-SEP-04.
Smiddy, M., O’Gorman, L., Cruz-Romero, M., Kerry, J.P., Hill, C. and Kelly, A.L.; (2003) High pressure-induced inactivation of micro-organisms in oysters. [Oral Presentation], 'Pressure to Succeed', Tullamore Court Hotel, Tullamore, Co. Offaly , 09-APR-03 - 09-APR-03.
Cruz-Romero, M., Smiddy, M., Kerry, J.P., Hill, C. and Kelly, A.L.; (2003) Effects of high pressure on appearance and physicochemical characteristics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). [Oral Presentation], 'Pressure to Succeed', Tullamore Court Hotel, Tullamore, Co. Offaly , 09-APR-03 - 09-APR-03.
Smiddy, M., Cruz-Romero, M., Kerry, J.P., Hill, C. and Kelly, A.L.; (2002) High pressure-induced inactivation of Vibrio mimicus in oysters. [Oral Presentation], 32nd Annual Food Science and Technology Research Conference, UCC, Cork , 12-SEP-02 - 13-SEP-02.
Cruz-Romero, M., Smiddy, M., Kerry, J.P., Hill, C. and Kelly, A.L.; (2002) Effects of high pressure on appearance and biochemical characteristics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). [Oral Presentation], 32nd Annual Food Science and Technology Research Conference, UCC,Cork , 12-SEP-02 - 13-SEP-02.
Scannell, A. G. M.; Hill, C.; Ross, R. P.; Schwarz, G.; Arendt, E. K.; (1997) *. [N/A], Proceedings of the World Hygiene Conference, The Hague, The Netherlands, Comparison of the Preservative Effects of Lactocin 3147 and Nisin in Fresh Prok Sausages [B5228] , 01-JAN-97 - 30-DEC-99.
Scannell, A. G. M.; Buckley, D. J.; Hill, C.; Arendt, E. K.; (1996) *. [N/A], Meat for the Consumer, 42nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Lillehammer, Norway, Evaluation of the Performance of Alternative Preservatives to Sulphur Dioxide in Fresh Pork Sausages , 01-JAN-96 - 30-DEC-99.

Committees

Committee : Food Safety Authority of Ireland Scientific Committee

From:01-JAN-02     To: 30-DEC-99
Committee : European Food Safety Authority

From:01-JAN-03     To: 01-JUN-04
Committee : Food Safety Authority of Ireland GMO Sub-Committee

From:01-JAN-97     To: 30-DEC-99
Committee : Foot and Mouth Advisory Committee

From:01-JAN-02     To: 01-JAN-03

Employment

Employer: UCC

Position: professor

From:01-JAN-08     To:
Employer: UCC

Position: Associate Professor

From:01-JAN-01     To: 31-DEC-07
Employer: UCC

Position: Senior Lecturer

From:01-JAN-92     To: 31-DEC-00
Employer: Moorpark

Position: Senior Research Officer

From:01-JAN-90     To: 31-DEC-91

Education

Year 1982 Institution: UCC

Qualification: B.Sc. Subject:
Year 1984 Institution: UCC

Qualification: M.Sc. Subject:
Year 1988 Institution: UCC

Qualification: Ph.D. Subject:
Year 2005 Institution: UCC

Qualification: Doctor of Science Subject:
       

Other Activities

List of Expert Assignments:

- Scientific Committee, Food Safety Authority of Ireland, since 1999, Re-appointed 2005.

- Microbiology Sub-Committee, Food Safety Authority of Ireland, 1996-2005.

- Chair, GMO and Novel Food Sub-Committee, since 1997.

- GMO Advisory Committee, Environmental Protection Agency, 1998-2001.

- Foot and Mouth Expert Advisory Group, Department of Agriculture, 2001-02.

- Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Welfare, Department of Agriculture, since 2001.

- European Food Safety Authority GMO Panel, 2003-2004.

Research Talks: Details of invited talks:

1. "Tn919 in lactic streptococci". Department of Microbiology Seminar Series, University College Cork, Ireland. 20 May, 1988.

2. "Application of transposon technologies in genetically ill-defined bacteria". Advanced Biotechnology Seminar, North Carolina State University. June 19, 1989.

3. "Two steps forward, one step back: a molecular analysis of phage defenses and counter defenses in starter cultures". Department of Microbiology Seminar, North Carolina State University. October 26, 1989.

4. "A molecular analysis of the lactococcal phage resistance plasmid pTR2030". Department of Microbiology Seminar Series, University College Cork, December 4, 1989.

5. "A biotechnological approach to improve starter cultures in the cheese industry". Biology Dept., Dublin City University, Ireland. December 12, 1989.

6. "Genetics of Phage Resistance in Lactococcal Starter Cultures". Special Biochemistry and Microbiology Seminar, Wake Forest University, North Carolina. May 4, 1990.

7. "Genetics and Lactic Acid Bacteria'. 2nd Moorepark Cheese Symposium. National Dairy Research Centre. Moorepark, Fermoy. November 22, 1990.

8. "Phage defense and counter-defense in Lactococci". Dept. of Genetics Seminar. University of Groningen, The Netherlands. December 6, 1990.

9. "Potential of enterocin to control Listeria monocytogenes"". International Circle of Dairy Research Leaders Specialist Meeting, Moorepark, Fermoy. April 24, 1992.

10. "Potential applications for bacteriocins in food fermentations" Symposium on Culture systems for dairy fermentations, National Food Biotechnology Centre, UCC. September, 17, 1992.

11. "Increasing the phage resistance of commercial cultures". 3rd Moorepark Cheese Symposium. National Dairy Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy. October 28, 1992.

12. "Manipulating phage defenses in lactococcal starter cultures". Microbiology/Biochemistry Seminar series, University College Cork. December 3rd, 1992.

13. "Molecular basis of bacteriophage resistance in starter bacteria" Biological Society, Maynooth University, Maynooth. March 15th, 1993.

14. "Natural antimicrobials in food". Royal Irish Academy Annual Seminar, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. March 31st, 1993.

15. "Lactic acid bacteria, bacteriophage and bacteriocins". Department of Food Science, University of Georgia. June 7, 1993.

16. "Lactic acid bacteria, bacteriophage and bacteriocins". Poultry Microbial Safety Research Unit, USDA, Athens. June 8, 1993.

17. "Bacteriophage and bacteriophage resistance in Lactic Acid Bacteria". Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University. June 10, 1993

18. "Enterocin 1146, a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes". USDA Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia. June 16, 1993

19. "Lactic acid bacteria, bacteriophage and bacteriocins". Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin -Madison. June 21, 1993

20. "Bacteriocins active against food pathogens". AIR-PL920630 Plenary meeting "Physiology of Food Poisoning Microorganisms". Nottingham, UK. July 13, 1993.

21. "Phage and Phage Resistance". Fourth Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria, Genetics, Metabolism and Applications. Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. September 5-9,1993.

22. "Genetic manipulation of fermentation organisms" 6th Alfred Spinks Symposium, Royal Society for Chemistry, London, England. March 16, 1995.

23. "Genetics and food fermentations". Inaugural MicroSoc. Seminar, University College Dublin. April 11, 1995.

24. "Enterocin 1146, a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes". AIR-PL920630 Plenary meeting "Physiology of Food Poisoning Microorganisms". Kastri, Greece, November 18, 1993.

25. "Acid tolerance and Listeria monocytogenes". AIR-PL920630 Plenary meeting "Physiology of Food Poisoning Microorganisms". Ede, The Netherlands, June 4, 1994.

26. "Molecular analysis of enterocin 1146". AIR-PL920630 Plenary meeting "Physiology of Food Poisoning Microorganisms". Lisbon, Portugal, September 29, 1994.

27. "Genetic manipulation of fermentation organisms" 6th Alfred Spinks Symposium, Royal Society for Chemistry, London, England. March 16, 1995.

28. "Genetics and food fermentations". Inaugural MicroSoc. Seminar, University College Dublin. April 11, 1995.

29. Chair, Round Table on Research Needs/Directions: "Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria - Applications and Fundamentals" Banff, Canada. April 17-23, 1995.

30. "Bacteriophage-host interactions and resistance mechanisms, analysis of the conjugative plasmid pNP40". 7eme Colloque du Club des Bacteries Lactiques, Paris. September 13-15, 1995.

31. "Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes in a mouse model". AIR-PL920630 Plenary meeting "Physiology of Food Poisoning Microorganisms". Beaune, France. October 25, 1995.

32. "Acid tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes, role in acid foods and virulence." Aberdeen University Seminar Series., Aberdeen University, September 30, 1996.

33. "Food safety for dairy products - what are the challenges?". Moorepark Quality Workshop 1996, Moorepark, October 26 & Ballyconnell, Co. Cavan, October 28, 1996.

34. "Food safety - the need for HACCP". HACCP Workshop for Farmhouse Cheese Manufacturers". University College Cork, January 21, 1997.

35. "Cheese and Wine: An Encounter with Food Biotechnology". Irish Science Teachers Association 36th Annual Meeting, University College Cork, April 11, 1997.

36. "Food safety - protection of the consumer". Annual Meeting of Health Boards in Ireland, Westlodge Hotel, Bantry, Co. Cork, May 2 and 3, 1997.

37. "Genetically modified organisms - a food safety issue?" Cork Consumer Choice, Metropole Hotel, Cork, June 15, 1997.

38. "Molecular characterization and mode of action of lacticin 3147, a two-component broad host range bacteriocin active in food systems." International Conference on Functional Foods, Cork, October 1, 1997.

39. "‘Bac' to the Future - Novel Stategies for Controlling Foodborne Disease". Irish Research Scientists Association Public Lecture Series, Connolly Hall, Cork, November 12, 1997.

40. "Genetically Modified Foods - an Overview". Food, Drink and Tobacco Federation, IBEC, Dublin, November 19, 1997.

41. "Acid Tolerance and Virulence". Two lectures at the International Advanced Course on the Physiology of Food Microorganisms, Wageningen, The Netherlands, December 9-12, 1997.

42. "Introduction to foodborne pathogens including Salmonella, clostridia, E.coli O157:H7. Is your meat safe? FAS Training Course for the meat industry, UCC, February 5, 1998

43. ."‘Bac' to the future, basic and applied research on bacteriocins". UCC Microbiology Department Seminar Series, February 5, 1998.

44. "Microbial food safety research at UCC". Food Safety - Everyones Concern. Environmental Health Officers Association. Mallow, Co. Cork, April 3, 1998.

45. "Genetically modified foods". Chr. Hansens North European Dairy Ingredient Regional Meeting. Cork, April 20, 1998.

46. "Acid stress in Listeria monocytogenes, a role in virulence". Royal Irish Academy National Commission for Microbiology Annual Seminar, Dublin, April 30, 1998.

47. "Assessing the safety of GM-Foods". Fine Gael Women' Group Regional Conference on "What are we eating - New developments in the food sector", Galway, May 23, 1998.

48. "Lacticin 3147 - A bacteriocin with attitude" North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, June 25, 1998.

49. "Characterization of lacticin 3147, a broad host range bacteriocin with applications in food and medicine". Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, June 29, 1998.

50. "Applications of Bacteriocins in Development of Starter Cultures". Workshop on Starter Culture Developments for Fermented Dairy Products, UCC, October 20, 1998.

51. "Molecular characterization of two bacteriocins with applications in food and medicine" Trinity College Dublin Microbiology Seminar Series, TCD, Dublin, November 6, 1998.

52. "Food safety and regulations concerning GM foods". University College Dublin, April 8, 1999.

53. "Relationship between stress and virulence". Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, Chicago, US, July 26, 1999.

54. "Stress and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella". Food Micro '99, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, September 15, 1999.

55. "Accelerated cheese ripening using bacteriocins". 6th Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, September 22, 1999.

56. "GM foods, the facts" Listowel Food Fair. November 5th, 1999.

57. "Guess who's coming for dinner: food poisoning and how to avoid it". Science Week, UCC, November 10, 1999.

58. "Stress and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes." Inaugural MicroSoc Seminar, University College Dublin, April 10, 2000.

59. "Molecular characterisation of Lacticin 3147, a two component lantibiotic". Plenary Lecture, Bacteriocin Workshop, Banff, Canada, April 30, 2000.

60. "Listeria monocytogenes; role of stress in virulence and survival in food". Conference on "Emerging Issues in Food Safety" US-Ireland Conference, UCC, June 21, 2000.

61. "Genetically Modified Foods, the Role of the FSAI GMO Sub-Committee". Czech Agriculture Food Inspectorate, Brno, The Czech Republic, November 7, 2000.

62. Genetically modified foods, a solution to world hunger or a crime against nature?. UCC Science Society, UCC, November 22, 2000.

63. "Role of stress in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes". International Advanced Course on Physiology of Food-Associated Microorganisms, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. December 4, 2000.

64. "Fundamental and applied studies on lacticin 3147, a two component lantibiotic". International Advanced Course on Physiology of Food-Associated Microorganisms, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. December 5, 2000.

65. "Stress response in Listeria: jumping the hurdles imposed by minimal processing". NIZO Dairy Conference on Food Microbes. Ede, The Netherlands. June 14, 2001.

66. "Lactic acid bacteria as biopreservatives". EuroLAB Conference. UCC, Ireland. July 6, 2001.

67. "Listeria research @ucc.ie". Invited lecture. Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. September 27, 2001.

68. "Listeria stress responses and virulence". Invited lecture. Royal Veterinary College, Copenhagen, Denmark. October 11, 2001.

69. "Stress adaptation and survival in Listeria monocytogenes". Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 28, 2001.

70. "Highlights of the NCFRP Programme in Food Safety and Nutrition". O'Reilly Hall, University College Dublin, January 29, 2002.

71. Listeria monocytogenes; strategies for coping with the challenges of stressful environments". North Carolina State University , February 8th, 2002.

72. "Listeria monocytogenes; Surviving acid stress". American Society for Microbiology Annual Conference. Salt Lake City, Utah. May, 2002.

73. "Role of glutamate in gastric transit". 10th Annual Medical Faculty Research Day. UCC, June 12, 2002.

74. "Genetics, characterisation and application of post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides". Seventh Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria, The Netherlands, September, 2002.

75. Listeriamonocytogenes@ucc.ie; a story of stress, disease and subversion of the genetic code. Bioscience Institute Lecture Series, UCC, January 7, 2002.

76. "Molecular characterisation of a two component lantibiotic: (genetics, mode of action and structure/function)". Edmonton University, Canada, April 10, 2003.

77. 'Applying bacteriocins in real systems (food quality, food safety, and the prevention of bovine mastitis)'. Edmonton University, Canada, April 10, 2003.

78. Genetic dyslexia; when UCG, UCU and AGU spell alanine, not serine. SFI investigators Workshop, Killarney. October 19, 2003.

79. ‘O157:H7, GMO's, MAP, BSE; the alphabet soup of food safety in the third millennium'. UCC Public Lecture Series. Jan 6, 2004.

80. ‘Genetic dyslexia; when UCG, UCU and AGU spell alanine, not serine'. Department of Genetics Seminar Series, Trinity College Dublin. Jan 26th, 2004.

81. ‘Lost in translation, when microbes subvert the genetic code through post-translational modification'. Conway Institute Symposium on Integrative Biology, February 19, 2004.

82. ‘Listeria monocytogenes, stressed for success in the GI tract.' Society for General Microbiology Irish Branch, University College Galway, 15 April, 2004.

83. ‘Listeria monocytogenes and acid in'digestion'; coping with lactic, bile and gastric acids. American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, USA. May 25, 2004.

84. "Listeria monocytogenes: Coping with stress in foods and during infection". Wageningen Centre for Food Science Invited Seminar, Wageningen, The Netherlands. June 17, 2004.

85. "Microbial solutions to microbial problems; bacteriocins as tools for the control of undesirable bacteria in food". Society for Applied Microbiology Annual Meeting, Cork. July 13, 2004.

86. "Lactic acid bacteria as factories for the engineering of peptide antimicrobials" Society for General Microbiology Annual Meeting, Trinity College, Dublin. September 7, 2004.

87. "Bacterial response to stress: pressure, pH and salt". Spanish Society for Food Microbiology, Girona, Spain. September 20, 2004.

88. "Listeria monocytogenes: stress and gastrointestinal persistence". Nestle Research Centre Seminar Series. Lausanne, Switzerland. October 13, 2004.

89. "GM foods; an end to World Hunger, or a crime against Nature?". Bandon Presentation Convent, Co. Cork. November 10, 2004.

90. "The right to bear arms: how bacteriocin production can make a good bug (Lactococcus lactis) even better". New Zealand Society for Microbiology, Palmerston North, New Zealand. November 19, 2004.

91. "Listeria in'digestion'; molecular mechanisms which assist L. monocytogenes to survive gastrointestinal stress. Microbiology Departmental Seminar, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. November 22, 2004.

92. "Stress responses in Listeria monocytogenes; a paradigm for intestinal pathogens" VLAG Graduate School, Wageningen, The Netherlands. December 9, 2004.

93. "Bacteriocins, tools for food microbiologists". VLAG Graduate School, Wageningen, The Netherlands. December 9, 2004.

94. "GMO's, the issues". Killorglin Intermediate School, Kerry. January 24, 2005.

95. "Emerging pathogens and novel control strategies". Unilever Food Research Centre Symposium, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. January 26, 2005.

96. "Biopreservation and shelf life". 4th NIZO Dairy Symposium, Papendal, The Netherlands. June 19, 2005.

97. "Finding novel antimicrobials; set a bug to catch a bug". Royal College of Physicians in Ireland Conference on Innovations in medicine. UCC October 7, 2005.

98. "Shining a light on the gastrointestinal phase of Listeria infection". Annual MicroSoc lecture, Trinity College Dublin, December 9, 2005.

99. Probiotics and anti-infection. Danone Workshop, Paris, March 9, 2006.

100. Listeria in the GIT: let there be light. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Aas, Norway, March 24, 2006.

101. Listeria in food and in disease. NEAU, Harbin, China, April 14th and April 17th, 2006.

102. Lighting up Listeria in the gut. Advanced Food Microbiology Network. Copenhagen, May 18, 2006.

103. Biocontrol and food safety. RELAY Workshop on Food Safety. UCC, Cork, September 6, 2006.

104. "Novel biological strategies for controlling food quality". IFT-EFFoST Conference on Novel Technologies in Food and Biotechnology. Cork, September 11-13, 2006.

105. "Safety and Diversity". WCFS Food Summit, Arnhem, The Netherlands, December 10-13, 2006.

106. "Food and health". Bishopstown Community Group. Cork, Ireland. February 26, 2007.

107. "Environmental regulation of surface proteins involved in pathogenesis". ISOPOL, Savannah, GA, USA, March 23, 2007.

108. ‘Osmotolerance in Listeria monocytogenes. Gordon Conference on Cellular Osmoregulation: Sensors, Transducers & Regulators. Aussois, France. April 8, 2007.

109. "Listeria monocytogenes; a case study in how pathogens overcome food and biological stresses". SfAM Visiting lecturer, University of Foggia, Italy. April 16, 2007.

110. "Food and Health". Turners Cross Active Elderly Group. Cork. May 8, 2007.

111. "The gastrointestinal phase of infection (dealing with gut stress)". Symposium on Microbiology and Health, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway. May 25, 2007.

112. "Pathogen survival in dairy products". 161st Annual Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology, Edinburgh. September 3rd, 2007.

113. "The role of gut flora in health and disease" Friedman Symposium. Tufts University, Boston, USA. October 31st, 2007.

114. "A day in the life of Listeria monocytogenes; dealing with bile, scavenging for iron and sabotaging the immune system". University of Nottingham Seminar Series. Nottingham, November 8th, 2007.

115. "Engineering lantibiotics for food and pharma". SFI Science Summit, Dublin, November 26, 2007.

116. "Probiotics as anti-infectives; from alternative medicine to an evidence based alternative. Irish Society for Gastroenterology Winter Meeting, Dublin, November 29, 2007.

117. "Costs and Consequences of food poisoning: and how to prevent it". School of Medicine Seminar, UCC, December 5, 2007.

118. Three lectures on stress responses and bacteriocins. VLAG International Advanced Course on Physiology of Food-Associated Microorganisms, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. December 10-12, 2007.

119. "Probiotics and infection; from alternative medicine to an evidence based alternative". HNRCA Seminar Series, Tufts University, Boston, USA. May 12, 2008.

120. "The physiology of foodborne pathogens can influence the likelihood and outcome of infection". VWA-EFSA Future Challenges to Food Safety, Wolfheze, The Netherlands, June 10, 2008.

121. "Can bacteriocins play a role in the gut?". Nordforsk Nordic Advanced Course on Microorganisms and Health, Aas, Norway, June 13, 2008.

122. "Listeria monocytogenes, a tour through the islands". Nordforsk Nordic Advanced Course on Microorganisms and Health, Aas, Norway, June 14, 2008.

123. "Applications of lantibiotics". 9th Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria. Plenary Lecture. September 2nd, 2008, Egmond on Zee, The Netherlands.

124. "Listeria monocytogenes, lessons in coping with a stressful lifestyle". October 2, 2008. Chr. Hansens Ltd., Copenhagen, Denmark.

125. "Bacteriocins; bacterial solutions to bacterial problems". CNTA Conference on Food and Health, November 5, 6th. Pamplona, Spain.

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