Micronutrient deficiencies, sometimes termed “hidden hunger,” are a significant public health concern within the European Union (EU). Despite the region’s relative economic prosperity and advanced healthcare systems, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as iron, iodine, vitamin D, and calcium persist and are linked to health problems and economic burden. However, the true extent of these deficiencies and the economic burden (e.g., productivity loss, educational impact, reduced quality-of-life) imposed on individuals and healthcare, as well as the cost-effectiveness of interventions, are not fully understood. This highlights the need for more comprehensive data and targeted research.