施硒肥方式对强筋小麦产量、硒累积分配及籽粒营养品质的影响

A two-factor splitting zone design with eight experimental treatments was used to reveal the effects of growth situation, yield, Se absorption and transportation, and nutrient quality of strong gluten wheat in different fertilization modes. The results showed that the application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer increased the biomass, grain yield, and dry matter of all organs (root, stalk+leaf, glume+spike axis, grain) of strong-gluten wheat were increased by 1.0%-14.7%, 2.4%-42.4%, 1.9%-21.9%, 1.5%-10.6%, 1.8%-19.5%, and 1.3%-18.2%, respectively, compared with no application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer. Under the same soil application treatment, foliar application of Se had no significant effect on wheat total biomass, grain yield, and dry matter weight of organs. No matter if the treatment was soil application (S), foliar application (F), or soil application + foliar application (S + F), the Se concentration in the ground part accounted for the largest proportion of total Se concentration, while the proportion of root Se concentration to total plant Se concentration was S > S + F > F. In addition, the application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer significantly improved the nutritional quality of strong gluten wheat, such as protein, total starch, amylose, amylopectin, soluble sugar, and sucrose (P < 0.05). The increases were 0.2%-0.4%, 2.9%-10.1%, 1.6%-5.1%, 1.3%-5.0%, 2.1%-7.0%, and 1.2%-3.5%. Under the same amount of Se fertilizer, the nutrient quality content of S + F was higher than that of single soil application, and the highest value was achieved in the treatment of S30 + F (soil basic application 30 g/hm² + foliar application 15 g/hm²). Therefore, considering factors such as yield, grain Se accumulation, and quality, it is suggested that 45 g/hm² of fertilizer (soil basic application 30 g/hm² + foliar application 15 g/hm²) was more suitable for actual production. In summary, S + F of organic Se-enriched fertilizer not only promoted growth, but also increased grain yield, Se accumulation, and nutritional quality in strong gluten wheat. The results provided a theoretical reference for wheat Se-enriched cultivation under the regulation of organic fertilizer containing Se.