A comparison of the activities of lacticin 3147 and nisin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species

Objectives: Our goal was to compare the activities of lacticin 3147 and nisin, two of the most well characterized lantibiotics, against antibiotic-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. Methods: We determined the MICs of lacticin 3147 and nisin for 20 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 20 strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), 6 strains of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA), 5 strains of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and 4 strains of S. aureus that are susceptible to methicillin. Results Lacticin 3147 displayed potent activity against VRE with MIC values between 1.9 and 7.7 mg/L, and varying levels of activity against S. aureus strains (MRSA, 1.9 - 15.4 mg/L; laboratory strains, ≥15.4 mg/L; hVISA, 15.4 - 30.9 mg/L; VISA, ≥61.8 mg/L). Nisin was more active against the S. aureus strains in general (MRSA and laboratory strains, 0.5-4.1 mg/L; VISA and hVISA, 2 to ≥8.3 mg/L), but was less effective than lacticin 3147 against VRE (2 to ≥8.3 mg/L). Conclusions: Nisin is more effective against S. aureus whereas lacticin 3147 possesses greater potency against VRE. The modifications responsible for the vancomycin-resistant phenotypes of hVISA and VISA strains also provide protection against the two lantibiotics.