A systematic review and meta-analysis of breastfeeding rates, factors influencing breastfeeding and practices in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Background: Breastfeeding is recommended for optimal infant outcomes. Breastfeeding rates are thought to be suboptimal, but actual rates are not known in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While there have been various studies about breastfeeding, there is no systematic review or meta-analysis in the UAE which has synthesized available evidence about breastfeeding rates and practices. The primary objectives of this study were to estimate breastfeeding rates, identify factors influencing breastfeeding, and explore breastfeeding practices among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant published peer-reviewed literature in six relevant electronic databases from 2013 to 1 August 2023. When statistical pooling was not possible, results were synthesized narratively. Results: Twelve studies were included. Pooled data from five studies (n = 2009) indicated that 62% of women initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after birth (95% CI 0.45, 0.78; I² 98.3%). At three months, pooled data from three studies (n = 851) showed that 73% of these women were breastfeeding (95% CI 0.42, 0.96; I² 98.7%). At six months, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding, based on pooled data from three studies (n = 1121), was 29.5% (95% CI 0.14, 0.477, I² 97.5%). Significant heterogeneity was observed, suggesting that the results should be interpreted with caution. Three key themes emerged from the analysis of 12 studies: (1) balancing supportive factors with traditional practices, (2) the role of health service provision in breastfeeding, and (3) the influence of socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of integrating cultural competence into healthcare strategies to better support breastfeeding mothers. Additionally, a national infant feeding survey is recommended to address the existing knowledge gaps in the UAE.