Analytical Methods: Atomic Spectrometric Techniques

Atomic spectrometric techniques are used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of approximately 70 elements. Elemental concentrations down to the part-per-billion level (ng ml^-1) are detectable using these techniques. Atomic spectroscopy is used routinely in many laboratories because of this high sensitivity. Other advantages of the techniques include high selectivity, reasonable cost, speed, and ease of use. In fully automated mode, hundreds of analyses per day can be carried out with little operator input. The commercially available systems for atomic spectrometry vary significantly in terms of cost, ease of operation, and analytical performance. In this article, the techniques will be discussed in relation to their relevance to the analysis of minerals found in milk and dairy products. Sampling and sample preparation (often the most critical part of an analysis) will also be considered.