Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects of gelatin hydrolysates from seabass (Lates calcarifer) skins

This study investigated the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative potentials of gelatin hydrolysates from seabass skins in cell model systems. Gelatin hydrolysates were extracted from seabass skins using different processes and enzyme concentrations. The ability of the hydrolysates to protect against H₂O₂-induced DNA damage was assessed on U937 cells using the Comet assay, and one of the samples showed DNA protective effects. All samples showed immunomodulatory potential by significantly (P < 0.05) reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Antiproliferative activities of seabass skin hydrolysates were measured using human colon cancer (Caco-2) and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines as the model cell cultures. The inhibition of cell proliferation of Caco-2 and HepG2 cancer cells occurred in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 1–25 mg mL⁻¹. Therefore, seabass skin hydrolysates prepared using an appropriate process could serve as a potential functional food ingredient with various health benefits.