Biosensing in dermal interstitial fluid using microneedle based electrochemical devices

This article explores recent advances in the development of electrochemical biosensors on microneedle platforms towards on-device sensing of biomarkers present in dermal interstitial fluid. The integration of a biosensor with a microneedle platform opens the possibility for minimally invasive bio-chemical detection or continuous monitoring within the dermal interstitial fluid. An introduction to interstitial fluid is provided placing emphasis on sampling methods that have been employed to extract and/or sample tissue fluid for analysis. We look briefly at microneedle technologies used to extract dermal interstitial fluid for subsequent analysis. Successive content will focus on microneedle technologies which have been integrated with electrochemical biosensors for the quantification of various metabolites, electrolytes and other miscellaneous entities known to be present in the dermal interstitial fluid. The review concludes with some of the key challenges and opportunities faced by this next-generation wearable sensing technology.