Body-surface mounted antenna modelling for biotelemetry using FDTD with homogeneous, two- and three-layer phantoms

This paper initially discusses the evolution of simplified human-male body software phantoms; the phantoms were then used to determine the radiated power patterns resulting from body-surface mounted transmitters designed for biotelemetry. Radiation efficiencies, calculated for a chest mounted 300 mm² driven loop range between 33.5% and 39.2%, depending on the phantom employed. Co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns are presented for the loop both in isolation and when body-worn. These patterns were not significantly affected by the phantom type used and broadly correlate with practical measurements.