TY - JOUR
T1 - Carbocatalytic dehydration of xylose to furfural in water
AU - Lam, Edmond
AU - Chong, Jonathan H.
AU - Majid, Ehsan
AU - Liu, Yali
AU - Hrapovic, Sabahudin
AU - Leung, Alfred C.W.
AU - Luong, John H.T.
PY - 2012/3
Y1 - 2012/3
N2 - Graphene, graphene oxide, sulfonated graphene, and sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) have been prepared, characterized and tested for the dehydration of xylose to furfural in water. In particular, SGO was proven to be a rapid and water-tolerant solid acid catalyst even at very low catalyst loadings down to 0.5 wt.% vs xylose, maintaining its initial activity after 12 tested repetitions at 200 °C, with an average yield of 61% in comparison to 44% for the uncatalyzed system. Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface area analysis suggested that the aryl sulfonic acid groups were the key active sites for high temperature production of furfural in water. They were more thermally stable under the reaction conditions and acidic than other functional groups attached to the graphene surface.
AB - Graphene, graphene oxide, sulfonated graphene, and sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) have been prepared, characterized and tested for the dehydration of xylose to furfural in water. In particular, SGO was proven to be a rapid and water-tolerant solid acid catalyst even at very low catalyst loadings down to 0.5 wt.% vs xylose, maintaining its initial activity after 12 tested repetitions at 200 °C, with an average yield of 61% in comparison to 44% for the uncatalyzed system. Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface area analysis suggested that the aryl sulfonic acid groups were the key active sites for high temperature production of furfural in water. They were more thermally stable under the reaction conditions and acidic than other functional groups attached to the graphene surface.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84155162526
U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.007
DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84155162526
SN - 0008-6223
VL - 50
SP - 1033
EP - 1043
JO - Carbon
JF - Carbon
IS - 3
ER -