TY - JOUR
T1 - Catalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst
AU - Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y.
AU - Sonar, Shilpa K.
AU - Niphadkar, Prashant S.
AU - Joshi, Praphulla N.
AU - Deshpande, Shilpa S.
AU - Patil, Vilas S.
AU - Bokade, Vijay V.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28% to 94% with increase of DTPA loading from 0% to 15%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14% to 84.31%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics.
AB - Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28% to 94% with increase of DTPA loading from 0% to 15%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14% to 84.31%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics.
KW - Desilicated H-ZSM-5
KW - DTPA on desilicated H-ZSM-5
KW - Esterification
KW - Ethyl levulinate
KW - Levulinic acid
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84877792879
U2 - 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.024
DO - 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.024
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84877792879
SN - 0926-860X
VL - 460-461
SP - 90
EP - 98
JO - Applied Catalysis A: General
JF - Applied Catalysis A: General
ER -
