Characterisation of potential interactions between urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and whey protein isolate

Maria P. Byrne; Patrick J. Forrestal; Tom F. O. Callaghan; Niharika Rahman; Aishwarya Ray; Martin Danaher; Bernard M. Corrigan; Chikere G. Nkwonta; Karl Richards; Farhad Garavand; Enda Cummins; Sean A. Hogan

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800

Characterisation of potential interactions between urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and whey protein isolate

Maria P. Byrne
, Patrick J. Forrestal
, Tom F. O. Callaghan
, Niharika Rahman
, Aishwarya Ray
, Martin Danaher
, Bernard M. Corrigan
, Chikere G. Nkwonta
, Karl Richards
, Farhad Garavand
, Enda Cummins
, Sean A. Hogan

School of Food and Nutritional Sciences

Johnstown Castle
Durham University
University of Limerick

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Urea fertilizer augmented with the urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), is used to stabilize nitrogen and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although studies have shown that NBPT does not enter milk via cattle grazing on NBPT-treated fields, questions remain about its potential to impact milk components were it inadvertently to enter the dairy supply chain. The aim of this study was to examine possible effects of NBPT on the chemistry and functionality of whey protein isolate (WPI). NBPT raised the peak denaturation temperature of WPI (p 

Original language	English
Journal	Food Chemistry: X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800
Publication status	Published - 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

Urease inhibitor NBPT Surfactant Sustainable urea Whey protein isolate Rheology DSC FTIR

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10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525006479

Cite this

Byrne, M. P., Forrestal, P. J., Callaghan, T. F. O., Rahman, N., Ray, A., Danaher, M., Corrigan, B. M., Nkwonta, C. G., Richards, K., Garavand, F., Cummins, E., & Hogan, S. A. (2025). Characterisation of potential interactions between urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and whey protein isolate. Food Chemistry: X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800

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abstract = "Urea fertilizer augmented with the urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), is used to stabilize nitrogen and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although studies have shown that NBPT does not enter milk via cattle grazing on NBPT-treated fields, questions remain about its potential to impact milk components were it inadvertently to enter the dairy supply chain. The aim of this study was to examine possible effects of NBPT on the chemistry and functionality of whey protein isolate (WPI). NBPT raised the peak denaturation temperature of WPI (p ",

keywords = "Urease inhibitor NBPT Surfactant Sustainable urea Whey protein isolate Rheology DSC FTIR",

author = "Byrne, \{Maria P.\} and Forrestal, \{Patrick J.\} and Callaghan, \{Tom F. O.\} and Niharika Rahman and Aishwarya Ray and Martin Danaher and Corrigan, \{Bernard M.\} and Nkwonta, \{Chikere G.\} and Karl Richards and Farhad Garavand and Enda Cummins and Hogan, \{Sean A.\}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800",

language = "English",

journal = "Food Chemistry: X",

issn = "2590-1575",

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T1 - Characterisation of potential interactions between urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and whey protein isolate

AU - Byrne, Maria P.

AU - Forrestal, Patrick J.

AU - Callaghan, Tom F. O.

AU - Rahman, Niharika

AU - Ray, Aishwarya

AU - Danaher, Martin

AU - Corrigan, Bernard M.

AU - Nkwonta, Chikere G.

AU - Richards, Karl

AU - Garavand, Farhad

AU - Cummins, Enda

AU - Hogan, Sean A.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Urea fertilizer augmented with the urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), is used to stabilize nitrogen and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although studies have shown that NBPT does not enter milk via cattle grazing on NBPT-treated fields, questions remain about its potential to impact milk components were it inadvertently to enter the dairy supply chain. The aim of this study was to examine possible effects of NBPT on the chemistry and functionality of whey protein isolate (WPI). NBPT raised the peak denaturation temperature of WPI (p 

AB - Urea fertilizer augmented with the urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), is used to stabilize nitrogen and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although studies have shown that NBPT does not enter milk via cattle grazing on NBPT-treated fields, questions remain about its potential to impact milk components were it inadvertently to enter the dairy supply chain. The aim of this study was to examine possible effects of NBPT on the chemistry and functionality of whey protein isolate (WPI). NBPT raised the peak denaturation temperature of WPI (p 

KW - Urease inhibitor NBPT Surfactant Sustainable urea Whey protein isolate Rheology DSC FTIR

U2 - 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800

DO - 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102800

M3 - Article

SN - 2590-1575

JO - Food Chemistry: X

JF - Food Chemistry: X

ER -

Characterisation of potential interactions between urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and whey protein isolate

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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