TY - JOUR
T1 - Comorbidity of ADHD and adult bipolar disorder
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Schiweck, Carmen
AU - Arteaga-Henriquez, Gara
AU - Aichholzer, Mareike
AU - Edwin Thanarajah, Sharmili
AU - Vargas-Cáceres, Sebastian
AU - Matura, Silke
AU - Grimm, Oliver
AU - Haavik, Jan
AU - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah
AU - Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Reif, Andreas
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are common mental disorders with a high degree of comorbidity. However, no systematic review with meta-analysis has aimed to quantify the degree of comorbidity between both disorders. To this end we performed a systematic search of the literature in October 2020. In a meta-analysis of 71 studies with 646,766 participants from 18 countries, it was found that about one in thirteen adults with ADHD was also diagnosed with BD (7.95 %; 95 % CI: 5.31–11.06), and nearly one in six adults with BD had ADHD (17.11 %; 95 % CI: 13.05–21.59 %). Substantial heterogeneity of comorbidity rates was present, highlighting the importance of contextual factors: Heterogeneity could partially be explained by diagnostic system, sample size and geographical location. Age of BD onset occurred earlier in patients with comorbid ADHD (3.96 years; 95 % CI: 2.65–5.26, p < 0.001). Cultural and methodological differences deserve attention for evaluating diagnostic criteria and clinicians should be aware of the high comorbidity rates to prevent misdiagnosis and provide optimal care for both disorders.
AB - Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are common mental disorders with a high degree of comorbidity. However, no systematic review with meta-analysis has aimed to quantify the degree of comorbidity between both disorders. To this end we performed a systematic search of the literature in October 2020. In a meta-analysis of 71 studies with 646,766 participants from 18 countries, it was found that about one in thirteen adults with ADHD was also diagnosed with BD (7.95 %; 95 % CI: 5.31–11.06), and nearly one in six adults with BD had ADHD (17.11 %; 95 % CI: 13.05–21.59 %). Substantial heterogeneity of comorbidity rates was present, highlighting the importance of contextual factors: Heterogeneity could partially be explained by diagnostic system, sample size and geographical location. Age of BD onset occurred earlier in patients with comorbid ADHD (3.96 years; 95 % CI: 2.65–5.26, p < 0.001). Cultural and methodological differences deserve attention for evaluating diagnostic criteria and clinicians should be aware of the high comorbidity rates to prevent misdiagnosis and provide optimal care for both disorders.
KW - ADHD
KW - Adult bipolar disorder
KW - Age of onset
KW - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
KW - Comorbidity
KW - Prevalence
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85100657759
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.017
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33515607
AN - SCOPUS:85100657759
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 124
SP - 100
EP - 123
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
ER -