Comparison for the production of essential oil by conventional, novel and biotechnology methods

Essential oils have many interesting applications in industry food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, agriculture. Essential oils can be produced by various techniques, including conventional, novel and biotechnology methods. Novel extraction methods can be considered as a good alternative to conventional methods due to short extraction time, high efficiency and quality, non-decomposition of compounds due to heat and no pollution. Recently, due to the limitations of extraction methods, the attention of scientists has been focused on synthesizing aromatic compounds through biotechnological methods. In the biotechnology method, there is no concern about factors such as climate conditions, supply shortages, natural disasters, plant disease and a high-quality product is obtained. Biotechnology could provide an environmentally friendly alternative that does not require as much land and resources as traditional methods. This review covers up-to-date literature on extraction methods of essential oils, including conventional methods, novel methods and biotech methods, and a generally comparison between them.