Comparison of deterministic and stochastic simulation for capacity extension of high-purity water delivery systems

This work presents a deterministic and a stochastic model for the simulation of industrial-size deionized water and water for injection (DI/WFI) systems. The objective of the simulations is to determine if additional DI/WFI demand from future production processes can be supported by an existing DI/WFI system. The models utilize discrete event simulation to compute the demand profile from the distribution system; they also use a continuous simulation to calculate the variation of the water level in the storage tank. Whereas the deterministic model ignores uncertainties, the stochastic model allows for both volume and schedule uncertainties. The Monte Carlo method is applied to solve the stochastic method. This paper compares the deterministic and stochastic models and shows that the deterministic model may be suitable for most applications and that the stochastic model should only be used if found necessary by the deterministic simulation. The models are programmed within Excel 2003 and are available for download as open public domain software (1), allowing for public modifications and improvements of the model. The proposed models may also be utilized to determine size or analyze the performance of other utilities, such as heat transfer media, drinking water, etc.