Effect of the Nd:YAG laser on sealer penetration into root canal surfaces: A confocal microscope analysis

Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the use of the Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser as part of the root canal treatment on the penetration of sealer into dentinal tubules. Methods Eighty extracted lower premolars were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 40 each): Control group (CG), subjected to a conventional protocol of endodontic instrumentation and obturation; and Laser group (LG), in which Nd:YAG laser irradiations were combined with conventional preparation and obturation. Endodonted samples were sectioned at 3 and 5 mm from the apex and observed under a confocal scanning microscope (CLSM). The penetration depth into the dentinal tubules and the extension of the intracanal perimeter infiltrated by sealer were measured. The Student-Newman-Keuls test was run for between-group comparisons (α =.05). Results The depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules did not differ among groups. LG samples showed the significantly highest percentage of penetrated perimeter at 3 mm from the root apex. Within each group, the greatest depth of penetration (P =.0001), and the major percentage of penetrated perimeter (P <.001), were recorded at 5 mm. Conclusions The application of the Nd:YAG laser after instrumentation did not improve the depth of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules. The laser enlarged the total penetrable perimeter near the apex. Clinical significance The Nd:YAG laser may be an appropriate complement in root canal treatment, as it enhances the sealer adaptation to the dentinal walls in the proximity of the apex.