Establishing a regional registry for neonatal encephalopathy: impact on identification of gaps in practice

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) continues to be a significant risk for death and disability. To address this risk, regional guidelines were developed with the support of a malpractice insurance patient safety organization. A NE registry was also established to include 14 centers representing around 50% of deliveries in the state of Massachusetts. The aim of this study was to identify areas of variation in practice that could benefit from quality improvement projects. Methods: This manuscript reports on the establishment of the registry and the primary findings to date. Results: From 2018 to 2020, 502 newborns with NE were evaluated for Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH), of which 246 (49%) received TH, representing a mean of 2.91 per 1000 live births. The study reports on prenatal characteristics, delivery room resuscitation, TH eligibility screening, and post-natal management of newborns with NE who did and did not receive TH. Conclusions: The registry has allowed for the identification of areas of variation in clinical practices, which have guided ongoing quality improvement projects. The authors advocate for the establishment of local and regional registries to standardize and improve NE patient care. They have made the registry data collection tools freely available for other centers to replicate this work. Impact: Malpractice insurance companies can take an active role in supporting clinicians in establishing clinical practice guidelines and regional registries.Establishing a collaborative regional neonatal encephalopathy (NE) registry is feasible.Data Collection tools for a NE registry have been made publicly available to be adopted and replicated by other groups.Establishing a regional NE registry allowed for the identification of gaps in knowledge, variations in practice, and the opportunity to advance care through quality improvement projects.