Estrus synchronization and mating systems in goats

The conception rate with artificial insemination (AI) is lower but it has great potential to increase the quality of goats at a faster rate. This technique could also spread elite genetic material throughout a population with increased rates of genetic improvement. It is also important for breed conservation and has paved the way for other reproductive biotechnologies. The descript goat population (33%) is much smaller compared to nondescript and nonproductive goats (67%). So, to increase the productivity per goat, we need to improve the breed quality scientifically. Germplasm of elite bucks is not available throughout the country to cover breeding programs by natural mating. To cover 85 million breedable does, we need 1.5-2 million bucks for natural breeding compared to only 50 000 buck needed for frozen semen AI technology. AI is the only solution to improve the quality and productivity per goat. If adding antioxidants, vitamins, membrane stabilizer, chelating agent, immunomodulators, growth factors, etc. to goat semen dilutor allows us to enhance the fertility of sperm then low sperm concentration per semen straw will be sufficient for AI and successful conception. So, the number of semen straws per buck will be able to cover the entire goat population in this country. Unlike a cow or buffalo, a few goats can be maintained easily and easily liquidated in times of distress. Commercial goat farming has emerged as an important driver of agriculture growth in India. Goat farming has a huge effect on rural development as goats have the potential for export of products, capital storage, household income, employment, and nutrition. It is suitable for women and could be used for the empowerment of rural women.