Exploiting the gut microbiome for brain tumour treatment

Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in a host of pathological conditions, including cancer. Indeed, the bidirectional communication that occurs between the gut and the brain, known as the ‘gut–brain axis,’ has recently been implicated in brain tumour pathology. Here, we focus on current research that supports a gut microbiome–brain tumour link with emphasis on high-grade gliomas, the most aggressive of all brain tumours, and the impact on the glioma tumour microenvironment. We discuss the potential use of gut–brain axis signals to improve responses to current and future therapeutic approaches. We highlight that the success of novel treatment strategies may rely on patient-specific microbiome profiles, and these should be considered for personalised treatment approaches.