Extraction Technologies to Recover Dietary Polyphenols from Macroand Microalgae

Extraction technologies, including Soxhlet extraction, have been used to extract polyphenols from macroalgae and marine microalgae. However, they can be time-consuming, and cause degradation or lower yields or purities of extractives. To overcome those disadvantages, extraction technologies with relatively lower energy inputs, rapid treatment times, and avoidance of hazardous solvents, increasing yields, and purity levels have been developed. These include microwave assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction. Microwave assisted extraction allows multiple quantitative sample extractions within minutes, with enhanced reproducibility and reduced solvent consumption. Pressurized microwave assisted extraction and solvent-free microwave assisted extraction are some of the advancements of microwave assisted extraction. In this review, we will be focusing on the benefits and challenges of these latter technologies for extracting dietary polyphenols from micro- and macroalgae.