Hydrodynamic Performance of Seawater Intake Structures Through Numerical Modelling and Particle Image Velocimetry

The performance of seawater intake systems affects the reliability and efficiency of desalination plants and water-processing systems. The objective of this work is to gain insights into improving their design by examining the flow patterns around seawater intakes using particle image velocimetry (PIV), image processing techniques, and numerical modeling. Different wave and current conditions are considered, and intake conditions are classified into categories based on hydrodynamic parameters. Numerical simulations indicate complex flow patterns under simultaneous waves and currents. The results revealed that the velocity of the approach current affects the efficiency of seawater intake, and the impact depends on the cap geometry. Square caps, characterized by sharp edges, create flow contractions and instabilities, whereas circular caps result in smoother flow patterns, enhancing efficiency. Wave action exacerbates these effects, particularly as the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number increases, and may compromise the stability of intake structures. Circular caps improve overall stability and performance under waves. These results contribute to better designs of seawater intake structures and, thus, improved efficiency and stability.