Introducing forecast-based public health warnings to promote engagement with air quality risk: a survey of citizens’ attitudes in Cork, Ireland

Policies aimed at raising the public’s awareness on the causes and consequences of air pollution are crucial to incentivise behavioural change that can benefit the health of people and the environment. Air quality forecasting (AQF) can inform early public health warnings aimed at mitigating exposure to air pollution and promoting behaviours that may be less impactful on air quality (e.g. transport, home heating). Although research in this area is limited, evidence suggests that it is important to understand the factors influencing people’s attitudes towards air quality and the perceived benefits of AQF-based warnings to inform policy on the most optimal ways to engage the public on this matter. As part of the implementation of a local clean air strategy embedding AQF, and guided by information processing theories, this study investigated perceptions of the potential introduction of AQF-based warnings among 509 adults in Cork City (Ireland) via an online survey including quantitative and qualitative questions. Content analysis identified overall positive views, with perceived benefits including education, exposure management, and, to a lesser extent, behavioural change. Quantitative analysis showed moderate levels of concern, low awareness of air quality monitoring and low sense of personal control, thus supporting the need for accessible and actionable messaging. We observed variations in attitudes and engagement preferences based on both socio-demographic and psychological factors. Policy implications are discussed with regards to the importance of positive messaging and diversified communication channels to optimise AQF-based public warnings.