May Member States’ courts act as catalysts of normalization of the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy?

This article considers whether national courts may act as catalyst of normalization of Common Foreign and Security Policy, in cases on the merits of which prima facie the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) does not have jurisdiction. First, regardless of the exact scope of the CJEU’s jurisdiction, this contribution surveys arguments in favour (the principle of conferral and of effective judicial protection, expression of the value of the rule of law) and against (the notion of autonomy and consistency of EU law) the jurisdiction of national courts. It concludes in favour of the former option. Second, it considers whether national courts may act as agents of ‘normalization’ of CFSP, where this word means the application of general rules of EU law to this policy even in the absence of express literal provision in the Treaty. It argues that national courts may act as catalyst for the normalization of this policy in so far as they can, through the preliminary ruling procedure, give an opportunity to the CJEU to rule on (at least some) CFSP acts.