Micro and nanostructure based electrochemical sensor platform for glutamate detection

l-Glutamate is one of the 20 standard amino acids used by all organisms. Due to the important role in clinical applications and in food processing industries, detection of this amino acid in food as well as in human serum is crucial. Number of research on monitoring glutamate has increased significantly over the last decade, so has the demand for this sensors increased with the requirement of improved performance. The key factors along with the selectivity are the strategy on electrode fabrication and designing high performance sensors with appropriate characteristics such as sensitivity, response time, stability, biocompatibility and reproducibility. Thereby, the application of micro and nanostructured sensor platform is becoming more popular due to its potential of enhancing these critical characteristics. This review focuses on the evolution of glutamate sensors from first to new generation based on micro and nanostructured electrode platforms as well as their performance characteristics. A brief comparison of various sensor generations, along with enzyme immobilization strategies are described in tabular form and then described in detail throughout the review.