Micro and small-scale wind generation in urban distribution networks

Correct modelling of renewable-based generation technologies implemented in urban areas is not a simple task, as it requires an adequate representation of highly dispersed and uncontrolled generation systems, which are small in size, but high in numbers, and usually experience large variations in available renewable energy inputs. This paper presents an aggregate model of urban micro and small-scale wind generation systems, which is connected to low-voltage network together with an aggregate load model. The paper analyses impact of urban wind generation on the steady state network performance (power flows and voltage profiles), taking into account variability of wind energy inputs. The presented analysis is of particular importance for the analysis of the future power supply systems, which will have significantly higher penetration levels of renewable-based distributed generation technologies, resulting in a much wider range of interactions between microgeneration systems, loads and transmission/distribution networks.