Multiplexed electrochemical assays for clinical applications

Rapid, accurate diagnoses are central to future efficient healthcare to identify diseases at early stages, avoid unnecessary treatment, and improve outcomes. Electrochemical techniques have been applied in many ways to support clinical applications by enabling the analysis of relevant disease biomarkers in user-friendly, sensitive, low-cost assays. Electrochemistry, by virtue of its inherent sensitiviy and portability, offers a launchpad for multiplexed biomarker assays that enable more accurate and precise diagnostics compared to single biomarker assays. In this short review, we underpin the importance of multiplexed analyses and provide a universal overview of current electrochemical assay strategies for multiple biomarkers. We also highlight relevant examples of electrochemical methods that successfully quantify important disease biomarkers. Finally, we offer a future outlook on possible strategies that can be employed to increase the throughput, sensitivity, and specificity of multiplexed electrochemical assays.