MXene as Emerging Low Dimensional Material in Modern Energy and Bio Application: A Review

MXene is a recently emerged two dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials, a novel series of transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides were established by a group of scientists from Drexel University in 2011. Multi-layered MXene nanomaterials have been synthesized using different wet chemistry etching approaches. To date, around twenty different types of MXenes have synthesized using various wet chemistry etching techniques. To ensure reproducibility of the MXenes, advanced characterizations in terms of morphology, structure as well as elemental compositions of the MXene flakes are conducted. MXenes nanosheets possess a significant thermoelectrical conductivity, reasonable band gap and high intrinsic carrier mobilities. The MXenes family materials have possessed a high potential for making energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors as well as several many other implications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and capacitive desalination. Besides, MXenes have found as a potential candidate for hydrogen storage due to the interactive nature of hydrogen and their layered structure. MXenes in biomedical applications were also proven as valuable materials because of their tuneable physiochemical properties into new distinct structures, which is difficult to be manipulated in bulk materials. Besides, MXenes possess suitability of functionalization for tuning the various required properties for obtaining the specific attributes necessary in the specific application. The many potential properties of MXenes have disclosed the new possibilities for addressing the current and upcoming needs of higher efficiency materials in different applications.