TY - JOUR
T1 - Offshore renewable energies
T2 - exploring floating modular energy islands—materials, construction technologies, and life cycle assessment
AU - Marino, Enzo
AU - Gkantou, Michaela
AU - Malekjafarian, Abdollah
AU - Bali, Seevani
AU - Baniotopoulos, Charalampos
AU - van Beeck, Jeroen
AU - Borg, Ruben Paul
AU - Bruschi, Niccolo
AU - Cardiff, Philip
AU - Chatzi, Eleni
AU - Čudina, Ivan
AU - Dinu, Florea
AU - Efthymiou, Evangelos
AU - Ferri, Giulio
AU - Gervásio, Helena
AU - Heng, Junlin
AU - Jiang, Zhiyu
AU - Lenci, Stefano
AU - Lukačević, Ivan
AU - Manuel, Lance
AU - Meyer, Angela
AU - Méndez-Morales, Mariela
AU - Osmanović, Adnan
AU - Pakrashi, Vikram
AU - Pandit, Amiya
AU - Rega, Giuseppe
AU - Skejić, Davor
AU - Tesch, Luana
AU - Ungureanu, Viorel
AU - Uzunović, Tarik
AU - Verma, Amrit Shankar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Floating modular energy islands (FMEIs) are modular, interconnected floating structures designed to collectively produce, store, convert, and transport renewable energy. This review aims to establish a foundation for developing innovative approaches to sustainably harness multi-energy sources in offshore environments. It leverages existing technological expertise while exploring new solutions to address specific challenges associated with FMEIs. The review initially presents existing technologies for floating energy structures and assesses their applicability to FMEI. The structural materials that could be utilised for the construction of a floating energy island are subsequently reviewed. Next, the offshore construction technologies suitable for FMEI are reviewed. Finally, studies on the life cycle assessment of hybrid energy systems are examined, highlighting the environmental advantages of integrating multiple renewable energy sources, thereby underscoring the potential of FMEIs.
AB - Floating modular energy islands (FMEIs) are modular, interconnected floating structures designed to collectively produce, store, convert, and transport renewable energy. This review aims to establish a foundation for developing innovative approaches to sustainably harness multi-energy sources in offshore environments. It leverages existing technological expertise while exploring new solutions to address specific challenges associated with FMEIs. The review initially presents existing technologies for floating energy structures and assesses their applicability to FMEI. The structural materials that could be utilised for the construction of a floating energy island are subsequently reviewed. Next, the offshore construction technologies suitable for FMEI are reviewed. Finally, studies on the life cycle assessment of hybrid energy systems are examined, highlighting the environmental advantages of integrating multiple renewable energy sources, thereby underscoring the potential of FMEIs.
KW - Construction techniques
KW - Floating energy islands
KW - LCA
KW - Materials
KW - Offshore
KW - Renewable energy
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007862116
U2 - 10.1007/s40722-025-00403-y
DO - 10.1007/s40722-025-00403-y
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:105007862116
SN - 2198-6444
JO - Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy
JF - Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy
ER -
