Practical LDPC encoders robust to hardware errors

LDPC decoders on faulty hardware have received increasing attention over the last few years, mainly motivated by reliability issues in emerging nanotechnologies. As a main result, it was shown that LDPC decoders are naturally robust to hardware faults. LDPC encoders on faulty hardware have received less attention, and they are expected to be less robust to hardware faults. In this work, we propose an LDPC encoding solution that is robust to faulty hardware. Our encoding solution is composed of two steps. First, an Augmented Encoding method is proposed, which consists in computing an augmented codeword that contains both the codeword to be transmitted on the channel and extra parity bits. The augmented codeword is computed from a noisy encoding circuit, and then corrected by a noisy Gallager-B decoder before channel transmission. The augmented codeword is obtained from a rate-compatible construction that guarantees good decoding performance both for the augmented codeword and for the codeword to be transmitted on the channel. In order to further improve the robustness of our encoding solution, we propose a second step, consisting of a circuit-level optimization. We propose to identify the critical gates that are responsible for encoding failures, and to duplicate them in order to reduce their influence on encoding outputs. Based on Monte-Carlo simulation, we show that the proposed solution significantly improves the encoding robustness to hardware faults.