Role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic patients

Type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of skeletal muscle dysfunction and, consequently, that of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and stroke. It is also related to a reduced capacity for exercise, but the underlying mechanism is only partially understood. There are several factors that contribute to the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction, of which oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the most important. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of skeletal and cardiac dysfunction associated with diabetes. It also provides an overview of the potential actions of antioxidants in general and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in particular in the treatment of muscle dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.