Student informed development of virtual reality simulations for teaching and learning in the molecular sciences

The development of accurate spatial conceptualisations of molecular biology structures, processes and interactions represents a critical learning outcome for a wide array of life sciences students. In this study, we investigated student learning through a bespoke virtual reality (VR) simulation focused on interactive assembly of an expression vector and visualisation of the recombinant protein expression process, encompassing constructivist pedagogical principles. A mixed methods approach was pursued involving surveys, assessments, and online simulation data capture to facilitate student partnered inputs into virtual simulation design and implementation in the teaching of molecular and cellular biology. The scope of student learning modalities, effective teaching practices and perspectives on challenging curriculum were also captured to position VR implementation within a wider learning framework. Students expressed a consensus view towards the application of this innovative teaching modality and appear well equipped to adapt to this new teaching and learning approach. The visual and kinaesthetic elements of the simulations were found to offer a unique entry point to challenging and abstract molecular concepts that has the potential to transform life science education for students, where a partnership approach can best deliver a roadmap for effective integration into the curriculum.