STYLE AND (IN)FORMALITY: Developing Socio-Stylistic Variation in a Second Language

This chapter explores the developmental trends and outcomes underlying the acquisition of socio-stylistic variation in a second language. The chapter builds on early approaches to the study of linguistic variation and style-shifting in learner language to consider subsequent conceptual developments underpinning the investigation of socio-stylistic variation. Drawing on empirical studies across a range of languages, the review characterizes the learner’s acquisition challenge in demonstrating socio-stylistic competence at different proficiency levels, while also considering a range of factors affecting such development. Methodological approaches to revealing the learner’s socio-stylistic system are also considered. The chapter ends with some recommendations for practice and directions for future research.