@inbook{d7e60f71db7240068793f213fb3ceada,
title = "The Evolution of Enhanced Cooperation in the EU: From EnCo to PeSCo (2009–2019)",
abstract = "This chapter provides an analysis of the way(s) in which the intent(s) and design(s) of a multi-speed Europe have evolved and have been applied in practice since the mid-1990s. Section 1 focuses on the drive toward differentiation in the 90 s and points to Economic and Monetary Union as its first, implicit, example. Section 2 discusses how the Lisbon Treaty framed {\textquoteleft}enhanced cooperation{\textquoteright}. Part 3 offers an overview of the few specific cases where enhanced cooperation was used (family law, patent, taxation, European Public Prosecutor Office). Section 4 then zooms in on the configuration especially designed for defense: Permanent Structured Cooperation—and its activation, while Sect. 5 analyses its implementation. Finally, the chapter presents a comparative assessment of these tools and their use to date. It highlights their correlation with one another as well as the original intent of facilitating differentiated integration within the EU.",
keywords = "Common Foreign and Security Policy, Differentiated integration, Enhanced Cooperation, EU law, Permanent Structured Cooperation",
author = "Antonio Missiroli and Luigi Lonardo",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-12338-2\_19",
language = "English",
series = "Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics",
publisher = "Palgrave Macmillan",
pages = "401--431",
booktitle = "Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics",
address = "United Kingdom",
}