Towards biomolecule-based information processing using engineered nanopores

In recent years, biomolecular digital information processing has received much attention. A number of logic gates and simple networks based primarily on DNA and enzymes have been demonstrated in solution. The possibilities of information processing with biomolecules can be further developed through the use of engineered nanopores. Electrochemistry at engineered nanopore membranes provides advantages in terms of mass transfer and response time, and can facilitate transduction of biochemical events into an electrical signal. We review briefly examples of biomolecule-based information processing before presenting recent developments in terms of nanopore membrane fabrication, surface functionalisation and sensing. We then present the opportunities and challenges of coupling these systems to nanopore devices.