Research Profile

Caroline Williamson Sinalo

Biography

I came to University College Cork as a Lecturer in World Languages in February 2015. Before joining UCC, I was a Teaching Associate at the University of Nottingham where I also obtained my PhD in French and Francophone Studies. My AHRC-funded thesis, which won the Dean Moore Endowed Postgraduate Prize, examined posttraumatic identities in the testimonies of Rwandan women survivors of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, with a particular focus on the concept of posttraumatic growth. As part of my doctoral training, I spent one year working in Rwanda for the Aegis Trust, a charity that campaigns against genocide and runs the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre.  

Since joining UCC, I have authored two books. The first of these, Rwanda after Genocide: Gender, Identity and Posttraumatic Growth (Cambridge, 2018), collates my doctoral research on posttraumatic growth in Rwandan women with an Aegis Trust-funded project on Rwandan men. Reviewers have praised the book as “an important intervention in the field of genocide studies” (George Macleod in French Forum), “a welcome critical addition” (Maria Berghs in Africa) and as "outstanding and highly recommended" (Noam Schimmel in Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice).
 

My second book, Transmitting Memories in Rwanda: From a Survivor Parent to the Next Generation, was published with Brill Press in 2023 and co-published for African readers with the Kigali-based publishers,
Imagine We. With support from SURF, survivors’ fund, the Irish Embassy in Kampala and private donations, the book was launched at the Kigali Marriott hotel in April 2023 as part of the 2023 national Rwandan commemoration, Kwibuka29, which was covered by the Rwandan national news media. For Kwibuka30, the book was showcased at the United Nations International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda in New York.
 

I have a BSc in Psychology from the University of Manchester and spent a year at the Institut de Psychologie de l'Université de Paris. Before becoming an academic, I worked for the FIFA Ticketing Office and was involved in organizing the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa.

I currently supervise two PhD students. With funding from Cusanuswerk, Louisa Esther Mugabo’s project uses ethnographic methods to elaborate the concept of exile journalism, based on field work in East Africa and Latin America. Funded by UCC’s French Department Postgraduate Fund, Joy Uwanziga’s project explores the relationship between migration and development in the Great Lakes region of Africa, also drawing on ethnographic methods.

Research Interests

My research focuses on the Great Lakes region of Africa and covers a diverse range of topics and themes, including gender, conflict, violence and trauma, particularly with reference to the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. More recently, I have become interested in the Health Humanities and have started working on medical and media narratives of the Covid 19 pandemic in Africa. Over the years, I have developed close collaborations with non-academic partners including anti-genocide charity, the Aegis Trust, and the Kigali-based Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP). My latest project on health narratives involves collaborating with colleagues from the Centre for Communication, Media and Society (CCMS) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa.

My first book, Rwanda after Genocide: Gender, Identity and Posttraumatic Growth (Cambridge, 2018), explores the ways in which Rwandans have rebuilt their lives, paying particular attention to the relationship between posttraumatic growth and gender and examining it within the wider frames of colonialism and traditional cultural practices. In addition to the book, this project on posttraumatic growth in Rwandan testimonies resulted in the publication of 7 journal articles, a book chapter and 17 conference presentations.  

In 2016, I began a collaboration with Claver Irakoze, a Rwandan genocide survivor and education activist, to co-author his testimony with a focus on parenting after genocide. That project resulted in the publication of Transmitting Memories in Rwanda: From a Survivor Parent to the Next Generation (Brill Academic Publishers, 2023). This book recounts the personal life story of Claver Irakoze who survived the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi as a child. Now a parent of young children, the narrative focuses on issues surrounding childhood, parenting and the transmission of memories between generations. As part of the groundwork for the book, in 2017, Irakoze and I were awarded funding by the Aegis Trust to conduct a survey of over 300 Rwandan parents to investigate disclosure practices surrounding genocide experiences in families. This project produced 9 conference presentations, including one 
organised stream at the ASAUK biennial conference and a keynote paper at Webster University. To disseminate Transmitting Memories in Rwanda on the African market, the authors signed a co-publishing agreement with the Kigali-based publishers, Imagine We. With support from SURF, survivors' fund, the Irish Embassy in Kampala and private donations, we launched this version at the Kigali Marriott hotel in April 2023 as part of the 2023 national Rwandan commemoration, Kwibuka29. This event was covered by the Rwandan national news outlet, IGIHE. There was also a significant social media campaign surrounding the dissemination of the book (see #TransmittingMemoriesInRwanda), as well as a number of media appearances in Rwanda including on Rwanda TV on two separate occasions, in The New Times, on Twitter Space as well as on IGIHE. For Kwibuka30, the book was showcased at the United Nations International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda in New York.

Another strand of my research has emerged from my convenorship of the research cluster, Violence, Conflict and Gender in UCC’s Centre for Advanced Study in Languages and Cultures (CASiLaC) (2015-2023). This cluster is a dedicated intellectual and creative space for critical reflection on the gendered construction of violence and conflict. It is attentive to cross-cultural thinking on the nature of violence and covers a range of time periods. Keeping our cluster members at the focus of our activities, our recent work has centred around 4 key priority areas: global feminisms, supporting postgraduate researchers (PGRs), community engagement and internationalisation. As part of my role in the cluster, I mentored PhD student Nicoletta Mandolini in the Irish Research Council-funded project Representing Gender-Based Violence (2017) which produced an edited volume published in 2023 with Palgrave Macmillan (Representing Gender-Based Violence: Global Perspectives). More recently, I worked on the cluster’s Global Feminisms seminar series.    

My current research
explores cultural experiences, understandings and practices of medicine and public health with regards to Covid-19 in Africa. Much of my recent work has investigated issues surrounding knowledge production and narratives about Africa in the media. This work has included an Irish Research Council New Foundation grant (2016), a Government of Ireland HEA Mobility fund (2019) and funding from Enterprise Ireland (2019). For example, with the support of the IRC New Foundations scheme, I organised an international conference on Activist Translation, where I was able to build a network around my ideas on narrative and translation in knowledge networks of African conflicts. In 2019, I hosted a roundtable event on the same topic in Rwanda as part of my GOI-funded mobility at the Institute for Research and Dialogue for Peace (2019). Building on my recent publications in the field of African journalism, I am now collaborating with colleagues from the Centre for Communication, Media and Society (CCMS) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa, to develop a project that combines news media analysis with participatory body mapping, 
a form of embodied, visual storytelling, with former Covid-19 patients and healthcare workers. This innovative, hybrid methodology promises to unearth a broad spectrum of experiences, understandings and practices of the Covid-19 pandemic in African countries. More broadly, the combined analysis of body mapping and news media data will enable our team to explore how African experiences might contribute to international understandings of the pandemic and public health.  

From 2022-2024, I was external mentor to MSCA-funded postdoctoral researcher, Janne Rantala, whose project examined public memory in Mozambique, focusing on hip hop’s performance of historical knowledge. As part of my mentorship on this project, I collaborated with Rantala in the conceptualisation and organisation of UCC Transbordagem: Hip Hop Overflowing Workshop, an event which explored space, memory and decoloniality in contemporary Hip Hop through dialogue between artists and scholars. Under my mentorship, Rantala has since developed an ERC application that has been successful to the second level. I am also a collaborator on his SFI-IRC Pathway application.
   

Research Grants

 ProjectFunding
Body
Start DateEnd DateAward
Posttraumatic Growth in Rwandan Men’s TestimoniesOther: Not Listed01-OCT-1401-MAR-15
Dissemination of Transmitting Memories in RwandaDepartment of Foreign Affairs19-APR-2320-OCT-23€3,000.00
Knowledge Production and Implentation in African Conflict Zones.Enterprise Irl10-JUL-1910-APR-20€5,904.00
Developing A Funding Application for the Project: “Knowledge Production and Conflicts in Africa: Language, Translation and Context”Higher Education Authority17-MAR-1913-APR-19€7,540.00
Exploring disclosure practices among Rwandan parentsOther: Not Listed01-DEC-1730-SEP-18
Representing Gender Based Violence: Establishing an Interdisciplinary International NetworkIrish Research Council01-JAN-1701-AUG-17€4,880.00
"On Pandering" to a Western Readership.Irish Research Council01-MAR-1630-NOV-16€8,505.00
Posttraumatic identities: Developing a culturally informed understanding of posttraumatic growth in Rwandan women genocide survivorsArt & Humanities Research Council01-SEP-1007-JUL-14

Publications

Books

 YearPublication
(2023)Transmitting Memories in Rwanda: From a Survivor Parent to the Next Generation.
Claver Irakoze with Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2023) Transmitting Memories in Rwanda: From a Survivor Parent to the Next Generation. Leiden: Brill Press.   [Details]
(2018)Rwanda After Genocide: Gender, Identity and Post-Traumatic Growth.
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2018) Rwanda After Genocide: Gender, Identity and Post-Traumatic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   [Details]

Book Chapters

 YearPublication
(2024)'Between Guiltless Responsibility and Current French Interests: Uncovering Motive in the Media Coverage of the Duclert Report in Le Monde and the Rwandan New Times and Pan African Review'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2024) 'Between Guiltless Responsibility and Current French Interests: Uncovering Motive in the Media Coverage of the Duclert Report in Le Monde and the Rwandan New Times and Pan African Review' In: Mediating Memories of Responsibility: Dealing with Difficult Pasts in European Cultures. Berlin: De Gruyter. [Details]
(2023)'Introduction'
Nicoletta Mandolini and Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2023) 'Introduction' In: Caroline Williamson Sinalo and Nicoletta Mandolini (eds). Representing Gender-Based Violence: Global Perspectives. London: Palgrave Macmillan.   [Details]
(2022)'Media Representations of Burundi’s 2020 Elections in Belgium and Burundi'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2022) 'Media Representations of Burundi’s 2020 Elections in Belgium and Burundi' In: Pierre-Philippe Fraiture (eds). Unfinished Histories: Empire and Postcolonial Resonance in Central Africa and Belgium. Leiden: Leiden University Press.   [Details]
(2023)'Do the Media Make Sexual Violence ‘Congolese’? Phallo- and Ethnocentrism in the International Coverage of Dr Mukwege’s Story'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2023) 'Do the Media Make Sexual Violence ‘Congolese’? Phallo- and Ethnocentrism in the International Coverage of Dr Mukwege’s Story' In: Representing Gender-Based Violence: Global Perspectives. London: Palgrave Macmillan.   [Details]
(2022)'The Genocide Archive of Rwanda: Achievements and Challenges'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo and Claver Irakoze (2022) 'The Genocide Archive of Rwanda: Achievements and Challenges' In: Victoria Waldon (eds). The Memorial Museum in the Digital Age. Falmer: REFRAME.   [Details]
(2019)'Decolonizing Trauma Therapy in Rwanda'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2019) 'Decolonizing Trauma Therapy in Rwanda' In: Hannah Grayson and Nicki Hitchcott (eds). Rwanda Since 1994: Stories of Change. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. [Details]

Edited Books

 YearPublication
(2023)Representing Gender-Based Violence: Global Perspectives
Caroline Williamson Sinalo and Nicoletta Mandolini (Ed.). (2023) Representing Gender-Based Violence: Global Perspectives London: Palgrave Macmillan.   [Details]

Peer Reviewed Journals

 YearPublication
(2021)'Un génocide dé-genré? Une analyse sexospécifique du rapport Duclert'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2021) 'Un génocide dé-genré? Une analyse sexospécifique du rapport Duclert'. Revue d’Histoire Contemporaine de l’Afrique, :41-51   [DOI] [Details]
(2020)'Disclosure of Genocide Experiences in Rwandan Families: Private and Public Sources of Information and Child Outcomes'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo, Pierre Claver Irakoze and Angela Veale (2020) 'Disclosure of Genocide Experiences in Rwandan Families: Private and Public Sources of Information and Child Outcomes'. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology,   [DOI] [Details]
(2020)'Narrating African conflict news: An intercultural analysis of Burundi’s 2015 coup'
Caroline Williamson Sinalo (2020) 'Narrating African conflict news: An intercultural analysis of Burundi’s 2015 coup'. Journalism,   [DOI] [Details]
(2016)'Genocide, masculinity and posttraumatic growth in Rwanda: reconstructing male identity through ndi umunyarwanda'
Caroline Williamson (2016) 'Genocide, masculinity and posttraumatic growth in Rwanda: reconstructing male identity through ndi umunyarwanda'. Journal of Genocide Research, 18 (1):41-59   [DOI] [Details]
(2016)'Post-traumatic growth at the international level: The obstructive role played by translators and editors of Rwandan Genocide testimonies'
Caroline Williamson (2016) 'Post-traumatic growth at the international level: The obstructive role played by translators and editors of Rwandan Genocide testimonies'. Translation Studies, 9 (1):33-50   [DOI] [Details]
(2014)'Posttraumatic growth and religion in Rwanda: individual well-being vs. collective false consciousness'
Caroline Williamson (2014) 'Posttraumatic growth and religion in Rwanda: individual well-being vs. collective false consciousness'. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17 (9):946-955   [DOI] [Details]
(2014)'Towards a theory of collective posttraumatic growth in Rwanda: The pursuit of agency and communion'
Caroline Williamson (2014) 'Towards a theory of collective posttraumatic growth in Rwanda: The pursuit of agency and communion'. Traumatology, 20 (4):91-102   [DOI] [Details]
(2013)'Accessing Material from the Genocide Archive of Rwanda'
Caroline Williamson (2013) 'Accessing Material from the Genocide Archive of Rwanda'. African Research and Documentation, 120 :17-24   [Details]

Articles

 YearPublication
(2014)Breaking the silence: Rwandan women survivors give testimony and find a voice.
Caroline Williamson (2014) Breaking the silence: Rwandan women survivors give testimony and find a voice. Articles   [Details]

Newspaper Articles

 YearPublication
(2017)The portrayal of gender abuse is often misused in order to justify discriminatory and even racist speech.
Nicoletta Mandolini and Caroline Williamson (2017) The portrayal of gender abuse is often misused in order to justify discriminatory and even racist speech. Dublin: Newspaper Articles   [Details]

Professional Activities

Honours and Awards

 YearTitleAwarding Body
2013University of Nottingham Dean Moore Endowed Postgraduate Prize University of Nottingham

Committees

 CommitteeFunctionFrom / To
Centre for Global Development Steering group member2022 /
Centre for Advanced Studies in Languages and Cultures Board member2019 /
School of Languages, Literatures and Cultures Executive Committee Committee Member2019 / 2021

Languages

 LanguageReadingWritingSpeaking
Spanish FluentFluentFunctional
Kinyarwanda FunctionalFunctionalFunctional
Portuguese FluentFluentFluent
French FluentFluentFluent

Other Activities

 Description

The Violence, Conflict and Gender research cluster, based in the Centre for Advanced Studies in Languages and Cultures (CASiLaC) is a dedicated intellectual and creative space for critical reflection on the gendered construction of violence and conflict. It is attentive to cross-cultural thinking on the nature of violence and covers a range of time periods. Keeping our cluster members at the focus of our activities, our recent work has centred around 4 key priority areas: global feminisms, supporting postgraduate researchers (PGRs), community engagement and internationalisation.  

Global Feminisms
Our recent activities have focused on the theme of global feminisms, considering in particular decolonial feminist approaches, feminisms from the Global South, and intersectional approaches to feminist activities. Our aim is to both support and reflect the interdisciplinary research interests of our members who are all working on gender-related issues in diverse global contexts. In 2021-22, we have been running a ‘Global Feminisms’ seminar series in partnership with Dr Chiara Bonfiglioli, Women’s Studies, UCC.  

Postgraduate support
We have a growing PGR membership and place specific focus on their professional development in recent funding applications and event planning. In 2020/2021, we partnered with three PGRs to apply for CASiLaC funding to run a 3-day online conference, ‘Boundaries, Borders, Care: Feminist Ethics in Practice’, which facilitated conversations with academics, creative practitioners and activists working in the areas of their research. In our recent ‘Global Feminisms’ seminar series, we have also prioritised speakers related to topics researched by our PGR members and encourage them to participate in the organisation and chairing of these events. In 2023, we faciliated our Erasmus PhD student, El Plaza, to organise a workshop on trans identities. 

Community engagement Given the nature of research in our cluster, community engagement in the form of collaborative activism has also been prioritised in recent years. Our ongoing collaborations with the Bystander Intervention Programme, Student Societies and other strategic units in the university have been fruitful in creating awareness of issues researched by our members. The multilingual flashmob organised among UCC students and staff in February 2020 criticised institutionalised impunity for gender-based violence and rejected victim-blaming narratives. Originally performed in Chile, we adopted it to include 13 of the languages spoken on our campus. The flashmob was performed once again in October 2022 for the UCC Open Day. We recently partnered with Bystander Intervention and the Sexual Violence Framework to organise ‘Cocoon Nights’, which facilitated an open mic platform for creative responses to femicide in Ireland.  

Internationalisation
Our research cluster is committed to internationalisation through a range of global partnerships. For example, we are currently hosting Visiting Erasmus Scholar and PhD student, El Martín Plaza from the University of Huelva (Spain). El’s research focuses on literary representations of the trans subject in anglophone literature, examining issues of self-perception, the gaze of others and the intersections of sex, gender, class and race. We also continue to collaborate with former cluster convener, Dr Nicoletta Mandolini, Minho University, on events and publications.

Teaching Activities

Teaching Interests

I contribute to a range of modules at all levels across the Department of French and the School of Languages, Literatures and Cultures. My two research-led modules in French are as follows:

FR2311  Africa: Colonialism to Continental Crisis: Through the study of a diverse range of texts, this second year module introduces students to the long-term consequences of European colonialism in Africa with a focus on the Great Lakes Crisis.

And   FR4311 Trauma and Narrative in the Francophone World: This final year module introduces students to theories of trauma from Freud to the present day. Through the study of a range of francophone texts about major traumatic events (slavery, WWII, the Rwanda genocide, terrorism etc.), students examine the strengths and weaknesses of different theories and consider the role of narrative in understanding atrocity. 

As Director of the BA in World Languages, I am also involved at all levels of UCC's World Languages programme and teach the following modules: 

WL1103 Becoming Multilingual: This module familiarizes students with the main theories, methods and practices of second-language acquisition in order to allow them to maximize their university study of languages.   

WL2102 Introduction to Semiotics: This module introduces students to the principles of semiotics through the study of the nature of systems of signs, both linguistic and non-linguistic.

At postgraduate level, I teach the following:

LL6024 Conflict, Memory and Nation Building: This module considers how conflict, memory and processes of nation building have shaped the Francophone world. 

LL6111 Theorising the Global: This module introduces postgraduate students to and immerses them in a range of critical theories that can be used to analyse and explore the intersecting political, social, cultural, linguistic and geographic power structures that define the contemporary global order. 

WS6005 Gender and Society II: Interdisciplinary Perspectives:
This module analyses the gendered aspects of social and cultural life within an interdisciplinary framework.


Research Information

External Collaborators

 NameOrganisation / InstituteCountry
Eric Ndushabandi Institute for Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP)RWANDA
Lauren Dyll University of Kwazulu-NatalSOUTH AFRICA
Claver Hodali Irakoze The Aegis TrustRWANDA

Contact details

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Department of French

Room 1.22 Block A, First Floor, O'Rahilly Building, University College Cork

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